December 28 historical events
418 — A papal election begins, resulting in the election of Pope Boniface I
Pope Boniface I (Latin: Bonifatius I; 4 September 422) was the bishop of Rome from 28 December 418 to his death on 4 September 422. His election was disputed by the supporters of Eulalius until the dispute was settled by Emperor Honorius. Boniface was active in maintaining church discipline, and he restored certain privileges to the metropolitical sees of Narbonne and Vienne, exempting them from any subjection to the primacy of Arles.
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484 — Alaric II succeeds his father Euric and becomes king of the Visigoths. He establishes his capital at Aire-sur-l'Adour (Southern Gaul)
Alaric II (Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃, romanized: Alarīks, lit. 'ruler of all'; Latin: Alaricus; c. 458/466 – August 507) was the King of the Visigoths from 484 until his death. He succeeded his father Euric as King of the Visigoths in Toulouse on 28 December 484; he was the great-grandson of the more famous Alaric I, who sacked Rome in 410. He established his capital at Aire-sur-l'Adour (Vicus Julii) in Aquitaine.
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893 — 893 Dvin earthquake
The 893 Dvin earthquake occurred on 28 December 893 at around midnight. It had a magnitude of approximately 6 and a maximum intensity of approximately IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It destroyed the city of Dvin in Armenia, causing approximately 30,000 casualties. The earthquake is sometimes referred to as the 893 Ardabil earthquake. Although the 893 Ardabil earthquake appears in several catalogues the event may not have happened.
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1065 — Edward the Confessor's church at Westminster is consecrated
On 28 December 1065, the new church at Westminster was consecrated. It had been substantially completed that year, but Edward the Confessor was too ill to attend.
This refers to the consecration of Edward's new church at Westminster, not a later rebuilding.
United Kingdom · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-11-02
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1065 — Edward the Confessor’s Westminster Abbey is consecrated
The stone church that Edward the Confessor built for Westminster’s Benedictine monks was consecrated in London. The king was too ill to attend and was buried there the following January.
Westminster, London · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-11-06
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1307 — Battle of Slioch
The Battle of Slioch was a minor skirmish in the First War of Scottish Independence. Although the encounter was inconclusive, the domestic enemies of the Scottish King Robert Bruce were unable to stop him from consolidating his rule over Scotland.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
United Kingdom · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1478 — Battle of Giornico
In the Battle of Giornico, also known as the battle of large rocks (Italian: Battaglia di Giornico, dei Sassi Grossi; German: Schlacht bei Giornico) (28 December 1478), about 600 Swiss troops ambushed from above and defeated a larger force of the Duchy of Milan, confined in a narrow icy valley, by rolling large boulders down the hillside against the Milanese.
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1550 — Siege of Jailolo (1550)
The siege of Jailolo (1550–1551) was a successful military expedition launched by Bernaldim de Sousa, a Portuguese commander, against the Sultan of Jailolo, supported by the Sultan of Ternate and the Prince of Batjan, lasting three months.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1659 — Battle of Kolhapur
Battle of Kolhapur was a land battle that took place on December 28, 1659 near the city of Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India between the Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji. The battle is known for brilliant movement of flanks by Shivaji similar to Uzbek tactics of Babur against Rana Sangha.
India · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1767 — Thonburi Kingdom
The Thonburi Kingdom was a major Siamese kingdom which existed in Southeast Asia from 1767 to 1782, centred on the city of Thonburi, in Siam or present-day Thailand. The kingdom was founded by Taksin, who reunited Siam following the collapse of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, which saw the country separate into five warring regional states.
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1778 — Capture of St. Lucia
The Capture of St Lucia was the result of a campaign from 18–28 December 1778 by British land and naval forces to take over the island, which was a French colony. Britain's actions followed the capture of the British-controlled island of Dominica by French forces in a surprise invasion in September 1778. During the Battle of St. Lucia, the British fleet defeated a French fleet sent to reinforce the island.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Saint Lucia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1789 — Battle of Nedumkotta
The Battle of Nedumkotta took place between December 1789 and May 1790, and was a reason for the opening of hostilities in the Third Anglo-Mysore War. This battle was fought between Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore and Dharma Raja, Maharaja of Travancore. Mysore army attacked the fortified line in Thrissur district at the Travancore border known as the Nedumkotta.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1828 — Battle of Nanggulon
The Battle of Nanggulon was an engagement in the Java War between the Dutch colonial forces and rebel forces of Prince Diponegoro, commanded by Sentot Prawirodirdjo, which took place on 28 December 1828. The rebel forces launched an attack on a Dutch detachment close to a newly constructed Dutch fortification, inflicting heavy casualties before being repulsed by another unit.
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1831 — Falklands Expedition
The USS Lexington raid on the Falkland Islands was a United States naval action against the settlement at Puerto Luis between December 28, 1831, and January 22, 1832. It followed the seizure of three American sealing vessels by forces acting under Luis Vernet, whom the government of Buenos Aires had appointed political and military commander of the islands in 1829.
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1832 — John C. Calhoun resigns as U.S. vice president
On 28 December 1832, John C. Calhoun resigned as vice president after accepting a Senate seat to which South Carolina's legislature had elected him. His Senate term began the next day.
The resignation letter is dated 28 December; the retained infobox begins his Senate term on 29 December 1832.
United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-02
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1835 — Seminole forces ambush a United States Army column in Florida
Seminole and Black Seminole fighters ambushed a United States Army column in Florida on 28 December 1835. The battle took place amid United States efforts to force the Seminoles to leave their lands and relocate west.
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1836 — South Australia’s first vice-regal proclamation is read
South Australia’s first vice-regal proclamation was read at Holdfast Bay on 28 December 1836, marking the commencement of colonial government. The province had already been legally established earlier that year.
The proclamation did not legally establish the province on this day.
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1836 — Spain recognizes Mexico’s independence in a treaty signed in Madrid
Representatives of Mexico and Spain concluded a treaty of peace and friendship in Madrid. Spain recognized Mexico as an independent nation.
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1855 — The final seat is elected in New Zealand’s 1855 general election
Voting in New Zealand’s 1855 general election ended on 28 December, when the final seat was elected. Voting for different seats had taken place on separate days, beginning on 26 October.
This is the last polling date, not a single nationwide election day.
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1857 — Battle of Canton (1857)
The Battle of Canton (Chinese: 廣州城戰役) was fought by British and French forces against Qing China on 28–31 December 1857 during the Second Opium War. The British High Commissioner, Lord Elgin, was keen to take the city of Canton (Guangzhou) as a demonstration of power and to capture Chinese official Ye Mingchen, who had resisted British attempts to implement the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1861 — Battle of Sacramento (Kentucky)
The Battle of Sacramento was an engagement of the American Civil War that took place in Sacramento, Kentucky on December 28, 1861. Confederate cavalry under Colonel Nathan Bedford Forrest, numbering between 200 and 300, attacked, encircled and defeated a Union force of 500 under Major Eli H. Murray which had been watering south of the town after moving across the bank of the Green River. Though exact casualty information is disputed, with differing accounts from each side, several eyewitnesses attested to the personal courage of Forrest, and the Confederate commander was praised by his superiors for his bravery.
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1861 — Battle of Mount Zion Church
The Battle of Mount Zion Church was fought on December 28, 1861, in Boone County, near Mount Zion Church, during the American Civil War. The resulting Union victory here and elsewhere in central Missouri ended Confederate recruiting activities in the region and pushed conventional Confederate forces out of the area until the desperate fall 1864 invasion by General Sterling Price and his Missouri State Guard.
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1862 — Van Buren raid
The Van Buren raid occurred in Crawford County, Arkansas, on December 28, 1862, during the American Civil War. After defeating Confederate forces led by Major General Thomas C. Hindman at the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, 1862, Union forces under Brigadiers General James G. Blunt and Francis J. Herron prepared for a raid against the Confederate positions at Van Buren and Fort Smith.
Arkansas, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1864 — Battle of Egypt Station
The Battle of Egypt Station (December 28, 1864) was an engagement in Mississippi that took place during a successful Union cavalry raid during the American Civil War. A 3,500-man Union cavalry division under Brigadier General Benjamin Grierson defeated Confederate troops led by Franklin Gardner and Samuel J. Gholson. Grierson's raiding cavalry left Memphis, Tennessee on 21 December and first demolished a Confederate supply depot at Verona.
Mississippi, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1872 — Skeleton Cave massacre
The Skeleton Cave massacre was the killing of Yavapai people by the US army on December 28th, 1872 in the Arizona Territory during the Yavapai wars.
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1879 — Tay Bridge disaster
The Tay Bridge disaster occurred during a violent storm on 28 December 1879 when the first Tay Rail Bridge collapsed while a train was passing over it from Wormit to Dundee, killing all aboard. The bridge—designed by Sir Thomas Bouch—used lattice girders supported by iron piers, with cast iron columns and wrought iron cross-bracing. The piers were narrower and their cross-bracing was less extensive and robust than on previous similar designs by Bouch. Bouch had sought expert advice on "wind loading" when designing a proposed rail bridge over the Firth of Forth; as a result of that advice he had made no explicit allowance for wind loading in the design of the Tay Bridge.
Scotland, United Kingdom · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23
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1885 — Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC), also known as the Congress Party, or simply the Congress, is a big tent political party in India. It is India's oldest existing political party and is widely regarded as one of the world's oldest continuously active political parties, outside Europe and North America. Founded on 28 December 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.
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1886 — Ontario general election, 1886
The Ontario general election, 1886 was the sixth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on December 28, 1886, to elect the 90 Members of the 6th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Oliver Mowat, won a fifth consecutive term in government and an increased majority in the Legislature.
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1893 — Tafilalt expedition
The Tafilalt expedition was a large military expedition conducted by Sultan Moulay Hassan of Morocco in the region of Tafilalt in 1893 in the face of French Algerian expansionism. Moulay Hassan revitalized relations between the makhzan and the tribes and villages of the eastern and Saharan frontier lands. The expedition to the Tafilalt in 1893 was sent because the sultan feared that disorder there would provide an excuse for French intervention.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1895 — Röntgen submits his first paper on X-rays
On 28 December 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen submitted his report On a New Kind of Rays to the Würzburg Physical-Medical Society. The report appeared in the society’s proceedings and as a separate printing by the end of that year.
The exact date refers to submission of the report; the sources reviewed do not establish its precise printing day.
Germany · Science & discovery · Checked 2026-11-01
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1895 — The Lumière brothers hold their first paid public film screening
The Lumière brothers showed ten short films to a paying audience at the Grand Café in Paris. Their Cinématographe projected the films onto a screen.
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1908 — 1908 Messina earthquake
A devastating earthquake occurred on 28 December 1908 in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy, with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The epicentre was in the Strait of Messina which separates Sicily from the Italian mainland. The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were nearly destroyed and around 120,000 people died, making it the deadliest earthquake in the history of Europe.
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1912 — San Francisco’s Municipal Railway begins streetcar service
San Francisco’s publicly owned streetcar system inaugurated its A and B lines along Geary Street. Crowds gathered for the opening of the service now known as Muni.
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1913 — 1913 Argentine Primera División final
The 1913 Argentine Primera División final was the match that determined the winner of 1913 season of Argentine Primera División. The final was contested by Racing and San Isidro, in order to decide a champion after both teams had finished tied on both, points (24 in 14 matches played) and goal difference (+36) at the end of the tournament. It was the 1st. league final contested by both clubs.
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1927 — Battle of Huizhou
The Battle of Huizhou was fought between the 4th Army of Miao Peinan and the 11th Army of Chen Mingshu. Miao retreated to Huizhou after his defeat by Li Jishen at the Battle of Guangzhou. After his defeat, Miao retreated to his hometown of Wuhua, Guangdong. It was one of many internal conflicts within the Kuomintang in the aftermath of Chiang Kai-shek's successes in the Northern Expedition.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1940 — The 1940 Copa Aldao match is abandoned at 2–2
On 28 December 1940, Nacional and Boca Juniors met in the Copa Aldao at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, Uruguay. Nacional equalised after Boca had led 2–1, and the match was abandoned at 2–2 after Boca’s players left the field.
This records the match played, without asserting the later award of the title.
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1942 — Allied tanker convoy TM 1 leaves Trinidad
The tanker convoy TM 1 departed Trinidad for Gibraltar under British escort. German submarines attacked it during the crossing.
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1943 — Battle of The Pimple
The Battle of the Pimple was part of the Markham and Ramu Valley – Finisterre Range campaign, which consisted of a number of battles fought by Australian and Japanese troops in Papua New Guinea in World War II. Fought on 27 and 28 December 1943, the battle took place as the Australians advanced towards the Japanese strong hold around Shaggy Ridge, and was a preliminary phase in their eventual capture of that position in January 1944. Supported by artillery, mortars, machine guns and fighter-bomber aircraft, the assault was made across a narrow frontage, which was usually not much wider than a single section.
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1943 — Battle of the Bay of Biscay
The Battle of the Bay of Biscay or Operation Bernau, was a naval action that took place on 28 December 1943 during the Second World War during the Atlantic campaign. The engagement took place between two light cruisers of the Royal Navy and a force of destroyers and torpedo boats of the Kriegsmarine that had sailed to rendezvous with a blockade-runner and escort it to port.
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1943 — Battle of Ortona
The Battle of Ortona (20–28 December 1943) was fought between two battalions of elite German Fallschirmjäger (paratroops) from the German 1st Parachute Division under Generalleutnant Richard Heidrich, and assaulting Canadian troops from the 1st Canadian Infantry Division under Major General Christopher Vokes. It was the culmination of the fighting on the Adriatic front in Italy during "Bloody December".
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Italy · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1943 — Operation Hardtack (commando raid)
Operation Hardtack was the name of a series of British Commando raids during the Second World War. The operation was conducted by No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando, No. 12 Commando and the Special Boat Service, and took place on the Channel Islands and the northern coast of France in December 1943. Most of the raids consisted of ten men of various ranks, carried by Motor Torpedo Boats and dories, except for one operation, which was an airborne landing.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1944 — Battle of Garfagnana
The Battle of Garfagnana (Italian: Battaglia della Garfagnana), known to the Germans as Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) and nicknamed the "Christmas Offensive" (Italian: Offensiva di Natale), was a successful Axis offensive against American forces on the western sector of the Gothic Line during World War II. It took place in December 1944 in the north Tuscan Apennines, near Massa and Lucca.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1948 — 1948 Airborne Transport DC-3 disappearance
The disappearance of a Douglas DC-3 airliner, registered NC16002, occurred on the night of 28 December 1948 near the end of a scheduled flight from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami, Florida. The aircraft carried 29 passengers and three crew members. No probable cause for the loss was determined by the official investigation and it remains unsolved.
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1948 — Battles of the Sinai (1948)
The Battles of the Sinai refer to a series of military engagements between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and the Egyptian Army fought in the Sinai Peninsula from December 28, 1948 to January 2, 1949, as part of the Israeli Operation Horev. The IDF's Southern Command, under Yigal Allon, concentrated forces to push into the Sinai following their success in the Battle of Bir 'Asluj and the Battle of 'Auja.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Egypt · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1948 — Operation Hisul
Operation Hisul (Hebrew: חיסול מבצע, Mivtza Hisul, lit. Operation Liquidation) was a failed Israeli attempt to dissolve the Egyptian pocket of al-Faluja on the night of 28 December during Operation Horev. The operation was the second-worst loss suffered by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in a single engagement behind the Kfar Etzion massacre in May up until that point.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1958 — 1958 NFL Championship Game
The 1958 NFL Championship Game was the 26th NFL championship game, played on December 28 at Yankee Stadium in New York City. It was the first NFL game to be decided in sudden death overtime. The Baltimore Colts won their first championship in franchise history over the New York Giants 23–17 in what soon became widely known as "the Greatest Game Ever Played".
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1958 — The Battle of Santa Clara begins
The Battle of Santa Clara began on 28 December 1958, when Che Guevara’s forces advanced toward the city and fighting opened. The Leoncio Vidal Regiment surrendered on 1 January 1959, a separate end stage.
This entry records the start of the battle; the city’s final surrender came on 1 January 1959.
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1958 — The first 6Y1 electric locomotive is assembled
Workers completed the first 6Y1 prototype, a domestically built electric locomotive that preceded the Shaoshan 1 class.
Xiangtan, Hunan · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-11-06
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1962 — Operation Grandslam
Operation Grandslam was an offensive undertaken by United Nations peacekeeping forces from 28 December 1962 to 15 January 1963 against the forces of the State of Katanga, a secessionist state rebelling against the Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in Central Africa. The conflict ended with the defeat of the State of Katanga and its subsequent dissolution.
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1964 — Battle of Binh Gia
The Battle of Binh Gia (Vietnamese: Trận Bình Giã), which was part of a larger communist campaign, was conducted by the Viet Cong from December 28, 1964, to January 1, 1965, during the Vietnam War in Bình Giã. The battle took place in Phước Tuy Province (now part of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province), South Vietnam. The year of 1964 marked a decisive turning point in the Vietnam War. Following the ousting of President Ngô Đình Diệm in 1963, South Vietnam's top army generals continued to vie with each other for control of the country’s military-dominated government instead of combating the emerging forces of the National Liberation Front, also known as the Viet Cong.
Bình Giã, Vietnam · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1964 — Giuseppe Saragat is elected President of Italy
Giuseppe Saragat was elected President of Italy in the final round of the presidential election on 28 December 1964. Voting by parliamentarians and regional delegates had begun on 16 December.
This records the election’s final ballot, not a public popular vote or the subsequent inauguration.
Italy · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-02
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1967 — Operation Auburn
Operation Auburn was a US Marine Corps operation that took place south of Danang, lasting from 28 December 1967 to 3 January 1968.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Vietnam · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1967 — Operation Cauldron (Rhodesia)
Operation Cauldron was launched by the Rhodesian Security Forces in response to an incursion by ZIPRA insurgents on 28 December 1967. Despite the death or capture of 77 out of 79 men, ZAPU, from its base in the Zambian capital, Lusaka, did not regard the incursion as a failure; on the contrary, its leaders were pleased that they had inflicted some casualties on the Rhodesian African Rifles.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1967 — Muriel Siebert becomes the first woman to hold a New York Stock Exchange seat
Muriel Siebert was inaugurated as the New York Stock Exchange’s first permanent woman member. A securities analyst and broker, she had founded her own firm earlier in 1967.
New York Stock Exchange, New York City, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-07
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1970 — October Crisis
The October Crisis (French: Crise d'Octobre) was a chain of political events in Canada that started in October 1970 when members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnapped the provincial Labour Minister Pierre Laporte and British diplomat James Cross from his Montreal residence. These events saw Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invoking the War Measures Act for the first time in Canadian history during peacetime.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Canada · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1973 — The United States Endangered Species Act is signed into law by President Richard Nixon
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is the primary law in the United States for protecting and conserving imperiled species. Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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1978 — United Airlines Flight 173
United Airlines Flight 173 was a scheduled flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to Portland International Airport in Portland, Oregon, with a scheduled stop in Denver, Colorado. On December 28, 1978, the McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61 operating the flight ran out of fuel while troubleshooting a landing gear problem and crashed in a suburban Portland neighborhood near NE 157th Avenue and East Burnside Street, killing 10 people on board.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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1981 — Cuban parliamentary election, 1981
Indirect parliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 28 December 1981. On 11 and 18 October voters elected members of the 169 Municipal Assemblies. A total of 6,097,139 votes were cast in the first round (11 October) and in the second round (18 October), giving a turnout of 97% in the first round and 93.6% in the second. The elected members of the Municipal Assemblies then elected the 499 members of the National Assembly. Candidates were selected by a commission composed of the Communist Party, the Young Communist League or mass organisations.
Cuba · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1984 — 1984 Indian general election
General elections were held in India on 24, 27 and 28 December 1984, shortly after the assassination of prime minister, Indira Gandhi. Voting was delayed in Assam and Punjab until 1985 due to ongoing insurgency. The elections were a landslide victory for the Indian National Congress (Indira) of Rajiv Gandhi (son of Indira Gandhi), which won 404 of the 514 seats elected in 1984 and a further 10 in the delayed elections.
India · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1984 — Tianjin’s original metro line begins regular service
After several years of trial operations, Tianjin’s original metro line began regular service. The completed 7.4-kilometre route linked Xinhua Road and Tianjin West railway station, with eight stops.
Tianjin, China · Science & discovery · Checked 2026-11-06
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1987 — 1988 Ariadne Classic
The 1988 Ariadne Classic was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Milton Tennis Centre in Brisbane in Australia and was part of Tier V of the 1988 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 28 December 1987 through 3 January 1988.
Brisbane, Australia · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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1987 — 1988 BP National Championships
The 1988 BP National Championships was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Wellington in New Zealand that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix. The tournament was held from 28 December 1987 through 3 January 1988.
New Zealand · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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1987 — The South Australian Open begins in Adelaide
Play began at the South Australian Open at Memorial Drive in Adelaide. Mark Woodforde went on to win the singles title, while Darren Cahill and Mark Kratzmann won the doubles.
Adelaide, Australia · Sport · Checked 2026-11-06
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1988 — 1989 Hopman Cup
The 1989 Hopman Cup was the first edition to the Hopman Cup tennis event located at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth, Western Australia. The event was held from 28 December 1988 through 1 January 1989. Miloslav Mečíř and Helena Suková of Czechoslovakia beat the Australian team of Hana Mandlíková and Pat Cash.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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1989 — 1989 Newcastle earthquake
The 1989 Newcastle earthquake was an intraplate earthquake that occurred in Newcastle, New South Wales, on Thursday 28 December. The shock measured 5.6 on the Richter scale and was one of Australia's most serious natural disasters, killing 13 people and injuring more than 160. The damage bill has been estimated at A$4 billion (or $9.5 billion in 2022, adjusted for inflation), including an insured loss of about $1 billion (or $2.4 billion in 2022, adjusted for inflation).
This entry records the local date, as dated in the source infobox.
Australia · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-19
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1992 — Starrcade '92: Battlebowl – The Lethal Lottery II
Starrcade '92: Battlebowl – The Lethal Lottery II was the 10th annual Starrcade professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It was broadcast December 28, 1992, from The Omni in Atlanta, Georgia. The show's focus was the second-ever "Lethal Lottery" / "Battle Bowl" tournament, where randomly paired tag teams competed for a spot in the Battle Bowl battle royal at the end of the night.
Atlanta, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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1994 — Battle of Khankala (1994)
The Battle of Khankala was a failed attempt by the Chechen separatists to attack the Russian military base at Khankala using heavy weapons on 28 December 1994. Khankala is a former Soviet military base and airstrip at the eastern outskirts of Grozny, also overtaking the main Rostov-Baku highway and cutting direct access into the Chechen capital of Grozny from the town of Argun.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1994 — 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake
The 1994 offshore Sanriku earthquake (Japanese: 三陸はるか沖地震 Sanriku Haruka Okijishin) occurred on December 28, 1994, at 12:19 UTC (21:19 JST). This was a magnitude Mw 7.7 earthquake with epicenter located in the Pacific Ocean at about 180 km east of Hachinohe, Aomori (haruka-oki means "far offshore"). The intensity reached shindo 6 in Hachinohe, Aomori, about 187.6 km from epicenter.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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1997 — Starrcade (1997)
Starrcade (1997) was the fifteenth annual Starrcade professional wrestling pay-per-view event. It was the tenth Starrcade event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and it took place on December 28, 1997 from the MCI Center in Washington, D.C. It featured the ongoing storyline between WCW and the New World Order (nWo) organization. The main event was between Hollywood Hogan and Sting for the World Heavyweight Championship, with Hogan representing the nWo and Sting representing World Championship Wrestling. The match culminated a year-long buildup of their feud. The match ended in controversy over the referee's pinfall count, and their feud continued after the event surrounding this.
Washington, D.C., United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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1997 — Nikolay Fyodorov wins re-election as president of Chuvashia
On December 28, 1997, the Chuvash Republic in Russia held a presidential election. Incumbent Nikolay Fyodorov was re-elected, defeating Valentin Shurchanov. This was one of the regional leadership elections held in Russia that year.
This entry records the Chuvash election, rather than a nationwide gubernatorial vote.
Russia: Chuvash Republic · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-04
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2002 — 2003 Hopman Cup
The 2003 Hopman Cup (also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th edition of the Hopman Cup tennis sporting event, held on 28 December 2002 through 4 January 2003 at the Burswood Entertainment Complex in Perth, Western Australia. The champions are Serena Williams and James Blake of the United States, who defeated Alicia Molik and Lleyton Hewitt of Australia in the final.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2003 — CCTV’s children’s channel begins broadcasting
CCTV’s dedicated children’s channel began official broadcasting on 28 December 2003. The channel became known as CCTV-14 and offered programming for young viewers.
This records the official launch, after earlier signal tests.
China · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-10-25
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2004 — Shenzhen Metro
The Shenzhen Metro (Chinese: 深圳地铁) is the rapid transit system of the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province, China. The newest lines and extensions which opened on 28 June 2026 put the network at 642 kilometres (399 miles) of trackage. It currently operates on 17 lines with 421 stations. Despite having only opened on 28 December 2004, the Shenzhen Metro is the 5th longest metro system in the world.
The grand opening of the Shenzhen Metro system occurred at 5:00 pm on Tuesday, December 28, 2004.
Shenzhen, China · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-10-26
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2006 — Fall of Mogadishu
The Fall of Mogadishu occurred on December 28, 2006, when the militaries of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops entered the Somali capital unopposed. It came after a swift string of TFG and Ethiopian military victories against the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), which had its headquarters in Mogadishu before it fled south.
Somalia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2008 — Opening of Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel
The Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel (also known as the Wuhan Changjiang Tunnel), is the first tunnel under the Yangtze River. Trial operation commenced on December 28, 2008. It takes about seven minutes to cross the Yangtze River by car using the tunnel. The tunnel connects Hankou and Wuchang districts in the city of Wuhan. Construction commenced in 2004. Its length is 3,630 meters.
People's Republic of China · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-10-25
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2009 — 2009 Karachi bombing
2009 Karachi bombing or Ashura attack took place on 28 December 2009 inside a Shi'ite procession commemorating the day of Ashura, at Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road, Karachi. Ashura is the holiest of days for followers of Shia Islam and marks the anniversary of the death of Hussain, grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who was killed at the battle of Karbala in 680. At least 30 people were initially reported to have been killed, later figures revealed even more deaths while dozens were left injured in the wake of the attack. The attacker marched amongst the procession with tens of thousands of people attending the march.
Pakistan · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — December 2011 Baneh clash
The Baneh clash was a military confrontation between Iranian security forces belonging to the Basij, the paramilitary branch of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK) militants which occurred on December 28, 2011 According to Iranian media outlets Fars News and Press TV at least five people were killed during the clash, including one Basiji and four members of the PJAK, adding that several PJAK members had been injured.
Iran · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2013 — UFC 168
UFC 168: Weidman vs. Silva 2 was a mixed martial arts event held on December 28, 2013, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Las Vegas, United States · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2013 — 2014 Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup XXVI (also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons) corresponded to the 26th edition of the Hopman Cup tournament between nations in men's and women's tennis. The tournament commenced on 28 December 2013 at the Perth Arena in Perth, Western Australia. Eight teams competed for the title, with two round robin groups of four, from which the top team of each group progress to the final.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2014 — Croatian presidential election, 2014–15
Presidential elections were held in Croatia on 28 December 2014 and 11 January 2015, the sixth such elections since independence in 1991. With only four candidates taking part, the elections had the lowest number of competitors since 1997. As no candidate received 50% of the vote in the first round in December 2014, a run-off took place in January 2015 between the two candidates with the most votes; incumbent President Ivo Josipović and Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović.
Croatia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2014 — Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501
Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 was a scheduled international passenger flight operated by Indonesia AirAsia from Surabaya, Indonesia, to Singapore. On 28 December 2014, the Airbus A320 flying the route crashed into the Java Sea, killing all 162 of the people on board. When search operations ended in March 2015, only 116 bodies had been recovered. As of 2026, this is the only fatal accident involving AirAsia and its affiliates.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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2014 — Hong Kong's West Island Line begins passenger service
Hong Kong's MTR extended Island Line service west to Hong Kong University and Kennedy Town. The trains initially passed through Sai Ying Pun without stopping because the station was still being finished.
Western District, Hong Kong · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-11-05
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2016 — 2016 Catalonia International Trophy
The 2016 Catalonia International Trophy is the 6th edition of the Catalonia International Trophy, pitted Catalonia against Tunisia on 28 December 2016 at the Estadi Montilivi in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Tunisia won the title after winning on penalties.
Spain · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — Opening of Kunming South railway station
Kunming South railway station is the main high-speed rail station of the Kunming metropolitan area. It is the western terminus of the Nanning–Kunming High-Speed Railway and the Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway. The station is located in the Chenggong District of the City of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province. It was put into operation simultaneously with the two high-speed mainlines it serves, after five years of construction.
People's Republic of China · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-10-25
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2019 — December 2019 Mogadishu bombing
On 28 December 2019, a suicide truck bomber killed at least 85 people at the Ex-Control Afgoye police checkpoint in Mogadishu, Somalia. More than 140 others were wounded and, as of 31 December, 12 people remained missing. Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack on 30 December. The attack was the deadliest in Somalia since the 14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings, which killed 587 people.
Somalia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2023 — 2023 Egyptian Super Cup final
The 2023 Egyptian Super Cup final was the final match of the 2023–24 Egyptian Super Cup, the 21st edition of the competition since its establishment in 2001, and the first under the new four-team format. It was contested by Al Ahly and Modern Future on 28 December 2023 at Mohammed bin Zayed Stadium in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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2024 — Ultimate Party 2024
Ultimate Party 2024 was a professional wrestling event produced by CyberFight's DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The event took place on December 28, 2024, in Tokyo at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. It was the fourth event under the Ultimate Party chronology. The event aired live on AbemaTV and on DDT's streaming service Wrestle Universe. Twelve matches were contested at the event.
Tokyo, Japan · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2025 — 2025–26 Myanmar general election
General elections were held in Myanmar for elected seats in the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in three phases, beginning on 28 December 2025 and concluding on 25 January 2026. The election is being held by Myanmar's military junta that came to power after the 2021 military coup d'état.
Myanmar · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2025 — 2025–26 Central African general election
General elections were held in the Central African Republic (CAR) on 28 December 2025 to elect both the president and National Assembly. A second round of the legislative elections was held on 26 April 2026. The incumbent president, Faustin-Archange Touadéra, was seeking a third term following the removal of term limits in a constitutional referendum.
Central African Republic · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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