October 23 historical events
42 BCE — Battle of Philippi
The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Liberators' civil war between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius, in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia. The Second Triumvirate declared the civil war ostensibly to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, but the underlying cause was a long-brewing conflict between the Optimates and the Populares.
Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat an army under Brutus in the second part of the Battle of Philippi, with Brutus committing suicide and ending the civil war.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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502 — The Synodus Palmaris meets in Rome
On 23 October 502, the Synodus Palmaris met in Rome. The bishops declined to judge Pope Symmachus and left the case to divine judgment.
Modern scholarship generally dates the synod to 502; some older editions give 501. The meeting did not itself end the schism.
Italy · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-11-01
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1086 — Battle of Sagrajas
The Battle of Sagrajas (23 October 1086), also called Zalaca or Zallaqa (Arabic: معركة الزلاقة, translit. Maʿrakat az-Zallāqa), was a battle between the Almoravid army led by the Almoravid king Yusuf ibn Tashfin and a Christian army led by the Castilian King Alfonso VI. The battleground was later called az-Zallaqah (in English "slippery ground") because the warriors were slipping all over the ground due to the tremendous amount of blood shed that day, which gave rise to its name in Arabic.
Badajoz, Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1157 — Battle of Grathe Heath
The Battle of Grathe Heath was fought in 1157 between the Danish armies of Valdemar I and his rival for the Danish throne, Sweyn III. Valdemar's forces won the battle, and Sweyn III was slain while attempting to flee.
Denmark · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1295 — The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris
The Auld Alliance (Scots for "Old Alliance") was an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France against England made in 1295. The Scots word auld, meaning old, has become a term for the long-lasting association between the two countries. The alliance was never formally revoked, although it is considered by some to have ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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1332 — Rinchinbal takes the Yuan throne in Dadu
Rinchinbal, known by the temple name Ningzong, was enthroned in Daming Hall in Dadu, present-day Beijing. He was a child and died less than two months into his reign.
October 23 is the Julian date. The proleptic Gregorian date is October 31.
Beijing, China · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-07
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1448 — Battle of Sark
The Battle of Sark, or the Battle of Lochmaben Stone, was fought between Scotland and England on 23 October 1448 or 1449. It was a decisive Scottish victory, the first since the Battle of Otterburn in 1388, and the last pitched battle to be fought between the two kingdoms during the Medieval period.
Dumfries and Galloway, United Kingdom · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1520 — Charles V is crowned King of Germany in Aachen
On 23 October 1520, Charles V was crowned King of Germany in Aachen Cathedral.
His coronation as Holy Roman Emperor took place in Bologna in 1530.
Germany · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-01
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1597 — Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)
The siege of Oldenzaal was a short siege that took place during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War by a Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange of the city of Oldenzaal from 20 to 23 October 1597. The city surrendered to the overwhelming Dutch and English force. The siege was part of Maurice's campaign of 1597 known as the Ten Glory Years, his highly successful offensive against the Spaniards.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Netherlands · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1600 — Siege of Kanizsa (1600)
The Siege of Kanizsa was a siege that took place in 1600. The Ottoman army under the command of Tiryaki Hasan Pasha captured the Kanizsa Castle as a result of the siege that lasted between September 10 and October 23, 1600.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1628 — Battle of Ostróda
The Battle of Ostróda was a battle that took place on the 23rd of October 1628 in Ostróda during the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski and Jakub Butler against the Swedish Empire commanded by colonel Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin. It resulted in a Polish victory.
Poland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1641 — Irish Rebellion of 1641
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began on 23 October 1641. Initiated by Irish gentry and military officers, the rebellion sought to end English domination of Ireland, restore lands confiscated through the plantations of Ireland, and secure Irish control over the country's government and affairs. Planned as a swift coup d'état to gain control of the Protestant-dominated central government, it instead developed into the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars, part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
Ireland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1642 — Battle of Edgehill
The Battle of Edgehill (or Edge Hill) was the first pitched battle of the First English Civil War. It was fought near Edge Hill and Kineton in southern Warwickshire on Sunday, 23 October 1642. All attempts at constitutional compromise between King Charles and Parliament broke down early in 1642. Both King and Parliament raised large armies to gain their way by force of arms. In October, at his temporary base near Shrewsbury, King Charles decided to march on London in order to force a decisive confrontation with Parliament's main army, commanded by the Earl of Essex.
Edge Hill, Warwickshire, United Kingdom · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1694 — Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)
The sieges of Ceuta, also known as the thirty-year siege, were a series of blockades by Moroccan forces of the Spanish-held city of Ceuta on the North African coast. The first siege began on 23 October 1694 and finished in 1720 when reinforcements arrived. During the 26 years of the first siege, the city underwent changes leading to the loss of its Portuguese character.
This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.
Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1697 — Sack of Sarajevo
The Sack of Sarajevo took place on 23 October 1697 and was committed by raiding Austrian troops led by Prince Eugene of Savoy. At this time the Great Turkish War was being fought. Shortly after the Austrian victory at the Battle of Zenta (today: Senta, Serbia), an opportunity arose for the Austrians to launch a surprise attack into Ottoman Bosnia.
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1702 — Battle of Vigo Bay
The Battle of Vigo Bay, also known as the Battle of Rande (Galician: A Batalla de Rande; Spanish: Batalla de Rande) was a naval engagement fought on 23 October 1702 during the opening years of the War of the Spanish Succession. The engagement followed an Anglo-Dutch attempt to capture the Spanish port of Cádiz in September in an effort to secure a naval base in the Iberian Peninsula. From this station the Allies had hoped to conduct operations in the western Mediterranean Sea, particularly against the French at Toulon.
Galicia (Spain), Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1709 — Siege of Mons (1709)
The siege of Mons took place between 19 September and 23 October 1709 during the War of the Spanish Succession. It saw a Franco-Spanish garrison in the fortified town of Mons, then in the Spanish Netherlands, besieged by a force of the Duke of Marlborough's Grand Alliance army under the command of the Prince of Orange.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1722 — Siege of Isfahan
The siege of Isfahan (Persian: سقوط اصفهان) was a six-month-long siege of Isfahan, the capital of the Safavid dynasty of Iran, by the Hotaki-led Afghan army. It lasted from March to October 1722 and resulted in the city's fall and the beginning of the end of the Safavid dynasty.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Iran · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1764 — Battle of Buxar
The Battle of Buxar was fought between 22 and 23 October 1764, between the forces of the British East India Company, under the command of Major Hector Munro, against the combined armies of Shah Alam II, the Emperor of the Mughal Empire; Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Balwant Singh, the Maharaja of the Benares State; Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1790 — 1790 United States Senate election in Delaware
The United States Senate election in Delaware for 1790 was held on October 23, 1790. George Read was elected unanimously by the state legislature.
Delaware, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1798 — Ali Pasha defeats French-led forces at Nicopolis and captures Preveza
On October 23, 1798, Ali Pasha's forces defeated a French-led army at Nicopolis and captured Preveza, in present-day Greece. The fighting began near the ancient ruins of Nicopolis and continued in Preveza until the remaining French defenders were captured that afternoon.
The date is Gregorian; the corresponding Julian date was October 12.
Greece: Nicopolis and Preveza · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-04
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1812 — Battle of Venta del Pozo
The Battle of Venta del Pozo, also known as the Battle of Villodrigo by the French and Spanish, was a rear-guard action fought as part of the Peninsular War on 23 October 1812 between an Anglo-German force led by Major-General Stapleton Cotton and Marquess of Wellington against French troops under Major-Generals Pierre François Xavier Boyer and Jean-Baptiste Théodore Curto.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1812 — Malet coup of 1812
The Malet coup of 1812 was an attempted coup d'état in Paris, France, aimed at removing Napoleon I, then campaigning in Russia, from power. The coup was engineered by general Claude François de Malet, a republican who had consistently opposed Napoleon. Malet used forged documents to convince French National Guard officers in Paris that Napoleon had died, enabling him to take control of elements of the guard and use them to arrest various government ministers.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1850 — National Women's Rights Convention
The National Women's Rights Convention was an annual series of meetings that increased the visibility of the early women's rights movement in the United States. First held in 1850 in Worcester, Massachusetts, the National Women's Rights Convention combined both female and male leadership and attracted a wide base of support including temperance advocates and abolitionists.
The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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1856 — Battle of Canton (1856)
The Battle of Canton was fought between British and Chinese forces at the city of Canton (Guangzhou), Guangdong province, China on 23 October to 5 November 1856 during the Second Opium War.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
People's Republic of China · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1859 — Battle of Cepeda (1859)
The Battle of Cepeda of 1859 took place on October 23 at Cañada de Cepeda, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The Argentine Confederation army, led by federalist Justo José de Urquiza defeated the State of Buenos Aires forces, led by unitarian Bartolomé Mitre.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1861 — Union forces secure Hazel Green and West Liberty during the Big Sandy Expedition
On 23 October 1861, Union forces secured Hazel Green and West Liberty in Kentucky during the Big Sandy Expedition.
The date records this advance, rather than the entire expedition.
United States · Exploration · Checked 2026-11-02
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1862 — Expulsion of Otto of Greece
King Otto of Greece was deposed in a popular insurrection in October 1862. Starting on 18 October in Vonitsa, it soon spread to other cities and reached Athens on 22 October.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1864 — Battle of Westport
The Battle of Westport, sometimes referred to as the "Gettysburg of the West," was fought on October 23, 1864, in modern Kansas City, Missouri, during the American Civil War. Union forces under Major General Samuel R. Curtis decisively defeated an outnumbered Confederate force under Major General Sterling Price. This engagement was the turning point of Price's Missouri Expedition, forcing his army to retreat. The battle ended the last major Confederate offensive west of the Mississippi River, and for the remainder of the war the United States Army maintained solid control over most of Missouri.
Missouri, United States · Westport, Kansas City, Missouri, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1868 — Japan adopts the Meiji era name
On 23 October 1868, Japan adopted the era name Meiji, replacing Keiō.
The Japanese-calendar date was the eighth day of the ninth month; the official chronology gives its Gregorian equivalent as 23 October 1868.
Japan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-01
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1880 — Birth of Hong Yi
On 23 October 1880, Hong Yi, a calligrapher, was born.
China · Births & deaths · Checked 2026-10-26
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1882 — Assommoir bombing
The Assommoir bombing was a bomb attack carried out on 23 October 1882 around 2:00 A.M. by anarchist Fanny Madignier, a member of the Louise Michel-Marie Ferré group, and at least two accomplices against L'Assommoir, a restaurant associated with the Lyonnese bourgeoisie. This was the first deadly anarchist attack in French history, although the intent to kill is unclear.
France · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1884 — Mandor rebellion
The Mandor rebellion (Chinese: 工頭叛亂) in 1884 and 1885, also called the Third Kongsi War, was an uprising of ethnic Chinese, helped by the Dayaks, against the Dutch East Indies government in present-day West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mandor can be translated to construction foreman in Indonesian language. This was the Dutch view of events — i.e. as an area already under Dutch rule, where that rule was threatened by an uprising.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1892 — Portuguese legislative election, 1892
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 23 October 1892.
Portugal · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1896 — Battles of Batangas
The Battles of Batangas (Filipino: Labanan sa Batangas, Spanish: Batalla de Batangas) were fought on October 23, 1896, in the towns of Lemery, Bayungyungan, Calaca, and Taal in Batangas province, Philippines. The Katipunan army of Batangas, under General Miguel Malvar, was formed by the elite class in the province.
Philippines · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1903 — 1903 Warwick and Leamington by-election
The 1903 Warwick and Leamington by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 23 October 1903. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.
United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1906 — Alberto Santos-Dumont flies the 14-bis at Bagatelle
Alberto Santos-Dumont flew his 14-bis aircraft about 60 metres at Bagatelle, Paris. His longer flight at the same site followed in November.
Bagatelle, Paris, France · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-11-07
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1908 — 1908 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Western Australia in late 1908 to elect 50 members to the state's Legislative Assembly. The main polling day was 11 September, although five remote electorates went to the polls at later dates. The governing Ministerialists (led by the premier, Newton Moore) lost five seats, but retained a majority government.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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1911 — Carlo Piazza flies a reconnaissance mission near Tripoli
Italian captain Carlo Piazza flew a Blériot XI over Ottoman positions near Tripoli during the Italo-Turkish War. The sortie was an early use of an airplane to observe enemy positions.
Tripoli, Libya · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-07
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1912 — Battle of Kumanovo
The Battle of Kumanovo (Serbian: Кумановска битка / Kumanovska bitka, Turkish: Kumanova Muharebesi), on 23–24 October 1912, was a major battle of the First Balkan War. It was an important Serbian victory over the Ottoman army in the Kosovo Vilayet, shortly after the outbreak of the war. After this defeat, the Ottoman army abandoned the major part of the region, suffering heavy losses in manpower (mostly due to desertions) and in war materiel.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1916 — Battle of Sălătrucu
The Battle of Sălătrucu was a military engagement during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. It took place after the Battle of Transylvania and resulted in a Romanian victory. A mixed Central Powers force – under German leadership but with mostly Austro-Hungarian troops – conducted a failed offensive into Romanian territory, south of the Turnu Roșu Pass.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Romania · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1917 — Battle of Wadi Musa
The Battle of Wadi Musa was fought between the Arab Army and the Ottoman Empire during the Arab Revolt of 1916–1918. The battle began when General Djemal Pasha ordered his forces to secure the Hejaz Railway by "any and all means necessary". The Ottoman Army at Ma'an was sent to deal with the North Arab Army. The Ottomans were ambushed by 700 Arab troops, inflicting heavy casualties and capturing 300 men.
Jordan · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1923 — Hamburg Uprising
The Hamburg Uprising (German: Hamburger Aufstand) was an insurrection during the Weimar Republic in Germany. It was started on 23 October 1923 by one of the most militant sections of the Hamburg district Communist Party (KPD), the KP Wasserkante. From a military point of view, the attempt was futile and it was over within 24 hours. Rebels stormed 24 police stations, 17 in Hamburg and seven in Schleswig-Holstein Province in Prussia. Over 100 people died during the uprising. The exact details of the uprising, as well as the assessment of its impact, are controversial to this day.
Hamburg, Germany · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1927 — Fire destroys the Imatra cinema in Tampere
On 23 October 1927, a fire destroyed the Imatra cinema in Tampere, Finland, during a film screening. Twenty-one people died and about thirty were seriously injured.
The event took place at the Imatra cinema in Tampere, rather than in the Finnish city of Imatra.
Finland · Disasters · Checked 2026-11-01
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1935 — 1935 FA Charity Shield
The 1935 FA Charity Shield was the 22nd FA Charity Shield, a football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by league champions Arsenal and FA Cup winners Sheffield Wednesday, and was played at Highbury, the home ground of Arsenal. Sheffield Wednesday won 1–0.
United Kingdom · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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1937 — Australian federal election, 1937
Federal elections were held in Australia on 23 October 1937. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives, and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent United Australia Party led by Prime Minister of Australia Joseph Lyons with coalition partner the Country Party led by Earle Page defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by John Curtin. The election is notable in that the Country Party (later the National Party) achieved its highest-ever primary vote in the lower house, thereby winning nearly a quarter of all lower house seats.
Australia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1938 — 1938 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final (replay)
The 1938 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 51st All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1938 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.
This entry records the replay date, as explicitly given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-19
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1940 — Hitler and Franco meet at Hendaye
Adolf Hitler and Francisco Franco met at the Hendaye railway station to discuss Spain’s possible entry into World War II. Spain did not enter the war.
Hendaye railway station · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-06
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1942 — Battle for Henderson Field
The Battle for Henderson Field, also known as the Battle of Henderson Field or Battle of Lunga Point by the Japanese, took place from 23–26 October 1942 on and around Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. The battle was a land, sea, and air battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II and was fought between the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy and Allied (mainly United States (U.S.) Marine and U.S. Army) forces. The battle was the third of the three major land offensives conducted by the Japanese during the Guadalcanal campaign.
Solomon Islands · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1942 — American Airlines Flight 28
American Airlines Flight 28 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by a Douglas DC-3 that crashed on October 23, 1942, in Chino Canyon near Palm Springs, California, United States, after being struck by a United States Army Air Forces Lockheed B-34 Lexington bomber. The B-34 suffered only minor damage, and landed safely at the Army Airport of the Sixth Ferrying Command, Palm Springs.
California, United States · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23
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1942 — Second Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 4 November 1942) was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt. In October 1942 Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, commander of Eighth Army, opened his offensive against the Axis forces.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Egypt · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1942 — Battle of Livno
The Battle of Livno is the name of several battles fought over the town of Livno during World War II, which changed hands between the Independent State of Croatia and Partisan forces several times.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1943 — Battle of Sept-Îles
The Battle off Sept-Îles was a naval battle fought on the night of 22 and 23 October 1943 during World War II as part of the Atlantic campaign. The battle took place in the off the Sept-Îles near the French coast in the English Channel between a light cruiser and six destroyers of the British Royal Navy, and a minesweeper and torpedo boat flotillas of the German Kriegsmarine hoping to intercept and escort a blockade runner. The battle ended with HMS Charybdis being sunk and the destroyer Limbourne being scuttled after suffering damage; nearly 500 British sailors lost their lives in the battle.
France · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1944 — Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Battle of Leyte Gulf is generally considered to be the largest naval battle of World War II and, by some criteria, possibly the largest naval battle in history It was fought in waters near the Philippine islands of Leyte, Samar and Luzon, from 23–26 October 1944, between combined American and Australian forces and the Imperial Japanese Navy. On 20 October, United States troops invaded the island of Leyte as part of a strategy aimed at isolating Japan from the countries it had occupied in Southeast Asia, and in particular depriving its forces and industry of vital oil supplies.
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1944 — Liberation of Finnmark
The Liberation of Finnmark was an Allied military operation lasting from 23 October 1944 until 26 April 1945, in which Soviet and Norwegian forces wrested away control of Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway, from Germany. It began with a Soviet offensive that liberated Kirkenes.
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1944 — Battle of Vukov Klanac spans 15–23 October
The Battle of Vukov Klanac was fought between Yugoslav Partisan and Wehrmacht forces in central Dalmatia from 15 to 23 October 1944.
This entry uses the end date, 23 October, of the source infobox’s 15–23 October range.
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1945 — 1945 Nova Scotia general election
The 1945 Nova Scotia general election was held on 23 October 1945 to elect members of the 43rd House of Assembly of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party. The Progressive Conservatives were entirely shut out of the Assembly, making the CCF's two MLAs the only opposition members.
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1949 — Nanfang Daily publishes its first issue in Guangzhou
Nanfang Daily began publication in Guangzhou. The newspaper went on to become the lead publication of the Nanfang Media Group.
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1954 — 1954 Scottish League Cup final
The 1954 Scottish League Cup final was played on 23 October 1954, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 9th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Heart of Midlothian and Motherwell. Hearts won the match 4–2, mainly thanks to a hat-trick by Willie Bauld.
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1954 — Birth of Ang Lee
On 23 October 1954, Ang Lee, a film director, was born.
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1955 — 1955 State of Vietnam referendum
A referendum was held in the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam) to determine whether the country was a republic or monarchy. It was primarily a contest between Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who proposed a republic, and former emperor Bảo Đại, who had abdicated in 1945 and at the time of the referendum held the title of chief of state. The referendum was the last phase in the power struggle between Bảo Đại and his prime minister. In June 1954, Bảo Đại had appointed Diệm in recognition of his staunch anticommunist and anticolonialist stance, as well as his potential to secure American aid. The country was then going through a period of insecurity, as Vietnam had been partitioned as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords that ended the First Indochina War. The State of Vietnam controlled the southern half of the country, pending national elections that were intended to reunify the country under a single government. Still, the Vietnamese National Army was not in full control of southern Vietnam; the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo religious sects ran their own administrations in the countryside supported by private armies, while the Bình Xuyên organised crime syndicate controlled the streets of Saigon. Despite interference from these groups, Bảo Đại, and French officials, Diệm managed to subdue the private armies and consolidate government control over the country by mid-1955. Emboldened by his success, Diệm began to plot Bảo Đại's downfall. He scheduled a referendum for 23 October 1955 and pushed Bảo Đại out of the political scene, hindering the former emperor's attempts to derail the poll.
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1955 — 1955 Saar Statute referendum
A referendum on the Saar statute was held in the Saar Protectorate on 23 October 1955. The statute would have made the territory an independent polity under the auspices of a European Commissioner, to be appointed by the Council of Ministers of the Western European Union, while remaining in the economic union with France. Its rejection by voters was taken as an indication that they would rather reunite with West Germany.
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1958 — A mine collapse in Springhill kills 75 workers
An underground seismic event, known as a bump, struck the No. 2 coal mine in Springhill, Nova Scotia. Seventy-five workers died in the disaster.
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1958 — The Smurfs first appear in Spirou magazine
Peyo introduced the Smurfs as supporting characters in a Johan and Peewit comic published in the Belgian magazine Spirou.
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1959 — Aeroflot Flight 200
On October 23, 1959, an Ilyushin Il-14 operating as Aeroflot Flight 200 crashed while attempting to land at Vnukovo Airport near Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, USSR. After being delayed due to bad weather, the aircraft attempted to touch down around 22:00 but crashed approximately 1,400 meters (4,500 feet) short of the runway after striking trees. Bad weather and pilot error contributed to the crash.
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1961 — Establishment of Taiwan Stock Exchange
The Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation (TWSE; Chinese: 臺灣證券交易所) is a financial institution, headquartered at Taipei 101, in Taipei, Taiwan. The TWSE was established in 1961 and began operating as a stock exchange on 9 February 1962. It is regulated by the Financial Supervisory Commission. TWSE-listed securities currently include stocks, as well as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), warrants, Taiwan Depositary Receipts (TDRs), and other securities.
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1962 — Battle of Bum La Pass
The Battle of Bum La Pass (Chinese: 棒山口战斗; pinyin: bàngshānkǒu zhàndòu), also known as Battle of Bum La, was fought on 23 October 1962 between Indian forces led by Subedar Joginder Singh and Chinese forces.
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1964 — Football at the 1964 Summer Olympics – final
The 1964 Summer Olympics football tournament gold medal match was the final match of the 1964 Summer Olympics football tournament, the 14th edition of Olympic competition for men's national football teams. The match was played at Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan, on 23 October 1964, and was contested by Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
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1965 — 1965 Scottish League Cup final
The 1965 Scottish League Cup final was played on 23 October 1965 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and it was the final of the 20th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by the Old Firm rivals Rangers and Celtic for a second consecutive year. Celtic gained revenge for their defeat in the previous final, as they won the match 2–1 thanks to two goals by John "Yogi" Hughes.
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1967 — 1967 New Brunswick general election
The 1967 New Brunswick general election was held on October 23, 1967, to elect 58 members to the 46th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.
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1968 — Operation Mameluke Thrust
Operation Mameluke Thrust was a US Marine Corps operation that took place in Happy Valley southwest of Danang, lasting from 19 May to 23 October 1968.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1970 — Gary Gabelich sets a land speed record in Blue Flame
Gary Gabelich drove the rocket-powered Blue Flame to a world land speed record on the Bonneville Salt Flats.
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1971 — 1971 Scottish League Cup final
The 1971 Scottish League Cup final was played on 23 October 1971 and was the final of the 26th Scottish League Cup competition. Newly promoted Partick Thistle beat Celtic, who had played in the European Cup final in 1970, in a major upset. Sam Leitch, a presenter of BBC sports show Grandstand, previewed the game by saying that: In Scotland, it's League Cup final day at Hampden Park, where Celtic meet Partick Thistle, who have no chance.
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1972 — Operation Linebacker
Operation Linebacker was the codename of a U.S. Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 air interdiction campaign conducted against North Vietnam from 9 May to 23 October 1972, during the Vietnam War. Its purpose was to halt or slow the transportation of supplies and materials for the Nguyen Hue Offensive (known in the West as the Easter Offensive), an invasion of the South Vietnam by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) that had been launched on 30 March.
Vietnam War: Operation Linebacker, a US bombing campaign against North Vietnam in response to its Easter Offensive, ends after five months.
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1973 — Operation Abirey-Halev
Operation Abirey-Halev or Operation Abirey-Lev (lit. Knights of the Heart) also known as Operation Stouthearted Men and Operation Valiant, code-named Operation Gazelle (Hebrew: מבצע אבירי לב, Arabic: ثغرة الدفرسوار), was an Israeli operation that took place in the center of the Suez Canal on 15–23 October 1973 during the Yom Kippur War.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1975 — United Nations Security Council election, 1975
The 1975 United Nations Security Council election was held on between 20 October and 23 October 1975 during the Thirtieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Dahomey (now Benin), Libya, Pakistan, Panama, and Romania, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1976.
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1975 — Battle of the Hotels
The Battle of the Hotels (Arabic: معركة الفنادق, Maʿrakah al-Fanādiq) was a subconflict within the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War that occurred in the Minet-el-Hosn hotel district of downtown Beirut. This area was one of the first major battles of the war that began in April 1975.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1976 — 1976 Czech National Council election
National Council elections were held in the Czech part of Czechoslovakia on 22 and 23 October 1976.
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1976 — 1976 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 22 and 23 October 1976. The National Front put forward a single list of candidates for both the House of the People (the lower house) and the House of Nations (the upper house), with one NF candidate contesting each single member constituency.
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1976 — 1976 Slovak parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in the Slovak Socialist Republic on 22 and 23 October 1976 alongside national elections. All 150 seats in the National Council were won by the National Front.
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1977 — 1977 Colgate Brazil Open
The 1977 Colgate Brazil Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in São Paulo in Brazil and was part of the 1977 WTA Tour (Colgate Series). The tournament was held from 17 October through 23 October 1977. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament. Billie Jean King won the singles title. Kerry Reid and Wendy Turnbull won the doubles title.
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1978 — 1978 New Brunswick general election
The 1978 New Brunswick general election was held on October 23, 1978, to elect 58 members to the 49th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Richard Hatfield's Progressive Conservative Party narrowly won its third term. The governing PCs won 30 seats to 28 for the opposition; the result was the closest in New Brunswick history.
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1981 — 1981 Singaporean presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Singapore on 23 October 1981, after the death of the incumbent president Benjamin Sheares. During the election, 58 members of Parliament were present while 14 members were absent. Devan Nair was elected by the Parliament of Singapore. Nair was sworn in as the third president on 24 October 1981.
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1981 — Battle of Guelta Zemmur (1981)
The Battle of Guelta Zemmur occurred between 13 and 23 October 1981 when Polisario Front attacked the Moroccan garrison at Guelta Zemmur in Western Sahara. Using heavy military equipment including tanks and surface-to-air missiles, the Polisario Front defeated the Moroccan garrison forces entrenched around the town. Three to Five Moroccan planes were shot down, including a C-130 Hercules.
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1983 — 1983 Beirut barracks bombings
On October 23, 1983, two truck bombs were detonated at buildings in Beirut, Lebanon, housing American and French service members of the Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF), a military peacekeeping operation during the Lebanese Civil War. The attack killed 307 people: 241 U.S. and 58 French military personnel, six civilians and two of the attackers.
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1983 — 1983 Norwegian Football Cup final
The 1983 Norwegian Football Cup final was the final match of the 1983 Norwegian Football Cup, the 78th season of the Norwegian Football Cup, the premier Norwegian football cup competition organized by the Football Association of Norway (NFF). The match was played on 23 October 1983 at the Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, and opposed two First Division sides Moss and Vålerengen.
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1988 — 1988 Scottish League Cup final
The 1988 Scottish League Cup final was played on 23 October 1988 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 43rd Scottish League Cup (Skol Cup). The final was contested by Aberdeen and Rangers and was the second of three consecutive finals between the two clubs. Rangers won the match 3–2 thanks to goals from Ally McCoist and Ian Ferguson.
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1989 — Phillips disaster of 1989
The Phillips disaster was a devastating series of explosions and fire on October 23, 1989, near the Houston Ship Channel in Pasadena, Texas, United States. The initial blast registered 3.5 on the Richter scale, and the conflagration took 10 hours to bring under control. Twenty-three employees were killed and 314 injured.
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1991 — 1991 Paris Peace Agreements
The Paris Peace Agreements (Khmer: សន្ធិសញ្ញាសន្តិភាពទីក្រុងប៉ារីស ឆ្នាំ១៩៩១; French: Accords de paix de Paris), officially the Comprehensive Cambodian Peace Agreements, was signed on 23 October 1991 and marked the official end of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War and the Third Indochina War. The agreement led to the deployment of the first UN peacekeeping mission (the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia) since the Cold War and the first occasion in which the United Nations took over as the government of a state.
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1992 — Akihito begins the first visit to China by a Japanese emperor
Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko arrived in Beijing at the beginning of a six-day visit. The itinerary also took them to Xi’an and Shanghai.
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1993 — Shankill Road bombing
The Shankill Road bombing a terrorist attack which was carried out by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on 23 October 1993 and is one of the most notorious incidents of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The IRA's intention was to assassinate the leaders of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), who were to be meeting in a room above Frizzell's fish shop on Shankill Road, Belfast. Two IRA members were to enter the shop disguised as deliverymen, then force the customers out at gunpoint and plant a time bomb with a short fuse.
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1993 — Yangpu Bridge opens to traffic in Shanghai
Yangpu Bridge opened to traffic in Shanghai on 23 October 1993.
The opening to traffic is distinct from the earlier completion of construction.
China · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-10-25
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1994 — 1994 Basque regional election
A regional election was held in the Basque Country on 23 October 1994 to elect the 5th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) won 22 seats, the Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) came second with 12 seats, People's Unity (HB) and the People's Party (PP) both won 11 seats each.
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1994 — 1994 Norwegian Football Cup final
The 1994 Norwegian Football Cup final was the 89th final of the Norwegian Football Cup. It was played on 23 October 1994 at Ullevaal Stadion, in Oslo, Norway. The final was contested between Molde and Lyn. Molde won the game 3–2 and won their first title. This was Molde's 3rd cup final, while Lyn traveled to Ullevaal for the 13th time.
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1994 — Halloween Havoc (1994)
The 1994 Halloween Havoc was the sixth annual Halloween Havoc professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It took place on October 23, 1994, from the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan.
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1995 — 1995 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon
The 1995 Grand Prix de Tennis de Lyon was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Palais des Sports de Gerland in Lyon in France and was part of the World Series of the 1995 ATP Tour. It was the ninth edition of the tournament and ran from October 16 through October 23, 1995.
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1998 — Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 1998
The third Iranian Assembly of Experts election was held on October 23, 1998 to elect all 86 members in 28 constituencies. 17,857,869 citizens voted in the elections, marking a 46.3% turnout. Coming a year after reformist Mohammad Khatami's 1997 presidential victory, there had been speculation that reform-minded individuals would do well in the 1998 race. However, the Guardian Council changed the rules. Previously, candidates had to demonstrate ijtihad, but in 1998 all potential candidates were also required to demonstrate a "proper political inclination". Out of 396 individuals registered to run, 167 (36.86%) were qualified by the council. 214 were disqualified, 13 withdrew and 60 of 187 invitees did not participate in ijtihad test.
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1998 — 1998 Iranian Assembly of Experts election in Tehran province
The third elections for the Assembly of Experts in Tehran Province was held on 23 October 1998 to elect 16 representatives in the constituency. The result was a victory for the conservatives. Allied institutions the Combatant Clergy Association and the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom supported candidates jointly, while the Association of Combatant Clerics and the Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers whose most members were disqualified by the Guardian Council did not support any candidates.
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1998 — 1998 Cork South-Central by-election
A Dáil by-election was held in the constituency of Cork South-Central in Ireland on Friday, 23 October 1998, to fill a vacancy in the 28th Dáil. It followed the death of Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) Hugh Coveney on 14 March 1998. The writ of election to fill the vacancy was agreed by the Dáil on 30 September 1998.
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1999 — 1999 Louisiana lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1999 Louisiana lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on October 23, 1999, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of Louisiana. Incumbent Democratic lieutenant governor Kathleen Blanco defeated Republican candidates Kevin Joseph Duplantis and Cornel Martin and Reform candidate Sadie Roberts-Joseph.
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1999 — 1999 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1999 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on October 23, 1999, incumbent Republican Mike Foster won reelection to a second term as governor of Louisiana becoming the first Republican to ever do so. In 1999 all elections in Louisiana—with the exception of U.S. presidential elections—followed a variation of the open primary system called the jungle primary (the system has since been abandoned for all federal elections between 2008 and 2010, but has remained in use for state and local elections).
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1999 — 1999 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in three states in October and November 1999. Kentucky and Mississippi held their general elections on November 2. Louisiana held the first round of its jungle primary on October 23 and did not need to hold a runoff. The Democratic Party had a net gain of one seat, picking up an open seat in Mississippi.
This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.
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2000 — 2000 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 2000 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 23 October 2000 following the retirement of Betty Boothroyd as Speaker. The election resulted in the election of Labour MP Michael Martin, who had served as Deputy Speaker since 1997. It was the first contested election since 27 April 1992.
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2001 — Apple introduces the iPod
On 23 October 2001, Apple introduced the iPod, a portable digital music player. The company’s announcement said it would become available on 10 November, distinguishing the introduction from the start of retail sales.
This is the product announcement, rather than the later retail availability date.
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2002 — Moscow theater hostage crisis
The Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 Nord-Ost siege, was the seizure of the crowded Dubrovka Theater in Moscow by Chechen terrorists on 23 October 2002, resulting in the taking of 912 hostages. The attackers, led by Movsar Barayev, claimed allegiance to the rebel breakaway movement in Chechnya. They demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechnya and an end to the Second Chechen War.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Russia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2003 — 2003 United Nations Security Council election
The 2003 United Nations Security Council election was held on 23 October 2003 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 58th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2004. The five candidates elected were Algeria, Benin, Brazil, Philippines, and Romania.
New York City, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2004 — 2004 Chūetsu earthquake
The Chūetsu earthquakes (中越地震 Chūetsu jishin) occurred in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, at 17:56 local time (08:56 UTC) on Saturday, October 23, 2004. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) named it the "Heisei 16 Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake" (平成16年新潟県中越地震 Heisei ju-roku-nen Niigata-ken Chuetsu Jishin). Niigata Prefecture is located in the Hokuriku region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. The initial earthquake had a magnitude of 6.6 and caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshu, including parts of the Tōhoku, Hokuriku, Chūbu, and Kantō regions.
Japan · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23
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2004 — Brazil launches the first VSB-30 sounding rocket
A VSB-30 sounding rocket flew for the first time from the Alcântara Launch Center in Brazil. Brazilian and German institutions developed the vehicle for suborbital research.
Alcântara Launch Center, Maranhão, Brazil · Science & discovery · Checked 2026-11-06
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2005 — Polish presidential election, 2005
The 2005 Presidential elections were held in Poland on October 9 and October 23, 2005. The outgoing President of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, had served two five-year terms and was unable to stand for a third term. Lech Kaczyński defeated Donald Tusk to become President of Poland.
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2005 — Viennese state election, 2005
In the 2005 Viennese state election, held on 23 October 2005, the SPÖ won government and Michael Häupl was chosen for a third term as the mayor of the city-state.
Vienna, Austria · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2007 — STS-120
STS-120 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched on October 23, 2007, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The mission is also referred to as ISS-10A by the ISS program. STS-120 delivered the Harmony module and reconfigured a portion of the station in preparation for future assembly missions. STS-120 was flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, and was the twenty-third Space Shuttle mission to the ISS.
Location not yet verified · Exploration · Checked 2026-10-18
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2009 — 2009 Thai FA Cup final
The 2009 Thai FA Cup final was the 16th final of the Thailand's domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. The final was played at Suphachalasai Stadium in Bangkok on 23 October 2009. The match was contested by Thai Port, who beat Osotspa Saraburi 2–0 in their semi-final, and BEC Tero Sasana who beat TTM Samut Sakhon 3–0 on penalty shoot-out after 3–3 draw in the match.
Bangkok, Thailand · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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2010 — UFC 121
UFC 121: Lesnar vs. Velasquez was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on October 23, 2010 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California, United States. The event was the fourth time the UFC has hosted at the Honda Center (formerly Arrowhead Pond) in Anaheim, California following UFC 59, UFC 63 and UFC 76 and the sixth event held in the Greater Los Angeles Area along with UFC 60 and UFC 104.
Anaheim, California, United States · California, United States · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2010 — 2010 Walter Taylor Ward by-election
The 2010 Walter Taylor Ward by-election was held on 23 October 2010 to elect the next councillor for the Brisbane City Council ward of Walter Taylor, following the resignation of incumbent Jane Prentice. Prentice resigned from council on 24 August 2010 after winning the division of Ryan at the federal election.
Brisbane, Australia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, 2011
An election for a constituent assembly was held in Tunisia on 23 October 2011, following the Tunisian revolution and announced on 3 March 2011. The new Assembly has 217 members. It was the first free election held in Tunisia since the country's independence in 1956, as well as the first election in the Arab world held after the start of the Arab Spring. The result was announced after counting began on 25 October 2011. Ennahda won a plurality in the election.
Tunisia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — Bulgarian presidential election, 2011
A presidential election was held in Bulgaria on 23 October 2011, with a runoff held on 30 October 2011. No candidate won outright in the first round, resulting in a second round runoff between the eventual winner, Rosen Plevneliev of GERB, and Ivaylo Kalfin of the Bulgarian Socialist Party.
Bulgaria · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — Vengeance (2011)
Vengeance (2011) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE that took place on October 23, 2011 at the AT&T Center in San Antonio, Texas. It is the twelfth event under the Vengeance/Night of Champions chronology and the first event under the Vengeance name since the 2007 edition. Eight matches took place at the event.
Texas, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — Libyan civil war (2011)
The Libyan Civil War, also known as the First Libyan Civil War and Libyan Revolution, was an armed conflict fought in 2011 in the North African country of Libya between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and rebel groups attempting to oust his government. The war was ignited by protests in Benghazi beginning on 15 February 2011 inspired by the Arab Spring, which led to clashes with security forces and armed protesters.
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Libya · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2011 — Manchester United F.C. 1–6 Manchester City F.C.
In the 2011–12 Premier League season, the first game between Manchester United and Manchester City took place at Old Trafford, Manchester, on 23 October 2011. The fixture was both teams' ninth game of the season. City won the match 6–1, their biggest ever win in the Manchester derby, and their biggest win at Old Trafford since they won 5–0 in 1955.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2011 — A major earthquake strikes Van Province in eastern Turkey
A powerful earthquake struck north of the city of Van, damaging buildings across the region. It was the first of two destructive earthquakes to hit the area that autumn.
Near Van, Turkey · Disasters · Checked 2026-11-06
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2012 — 2012 Maldives FA Cup final
The 2012 Maldives FA Cup final is the 25th Final of the Maldives FA Cup. The cup winner is guaranteed a place in the 2013 AFC Cup play-off.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2013 — 2013 Tessalit attack
On October 23, 2013, Katiba Salahadin militants attacked Chadian peacekeepers in the city of Tessalit, sparking a battle between the militants and Chadian and French forces. The attack was the first attack by jihadists targeting MINUSMA peacekeepers during the Mali War.
Mali · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2013 — Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun
The Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun was a conflict that took place in Tunisia on 23 October 2013, between the Tunisian National Guard and jihadists from Ansar al-Sharia during the Jihadist insurgency in Tunisia.
Tunisia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2013 — 2013 President's Cup (Maldives) final
The 2013 President's Cup (Maldives) final was the 63rd Final of the Maldives President's Cup.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2013 — 2013 Azerbaijan Supercup
2013 Azerbaijan Supercup (Azerbaijani: 2013 Futbol üzrə Azərbaycan Superkuboku) was the 4th edition of the Azerbaijan Supercup since its establishment in 1992. The match was contested between the 2012–13 Azerbaijan Premier League champions Neftchi Baku and the 2012–13 Azerbaijan Cup finalists Khazar Lankaran.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2014 — Battle of Morek
The Battle of Morek took place during the Syrian Civil War in the Hama Governorate between the rebels and the Syrian Government. The clashes were concentrated around and in the eastern side of the town of Morek (or Murak), as the Syrian Army tried to regain the town after it was lost to the rebels on 1 February 2014.
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Syria · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2015 — Glory By Honor XIV
Glory By Honor XIV (also known as Glory By Honor XIV Champions Vs. All Stars) was a two night, two city professional wrestling event produced by the U.S.-based wrestling promotion Ring of Honor, and the 14th Glory By Honor. The first night of the event took place on October 23, 2015 as a television taping for ROH's weekly television program at the Wings Event Center in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Michigan, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-24
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2015 — Hurricane Patricia
Hurricane Patricia was the most powerful tropical cyclone on record worldwide in terms of maximum sustained winds. It was also the second-most intense on record worldwide in terms of pressure, with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 872 mbar (25.75 inHg), just behind Typhoon Tip's 870 mbar (25.69 inHg). Originating from a sprawling disturbance near the Gulf of Tehuantepec, south of Mexico, in mid-October 2015, Patricia was first classified as a tropical depression on October 20.
The lowest sea-level pressure in the Western Hemisphere, and the highest reliably-measured non-tornadic sustained winds, are recorded in Hurricane Patricia, which strikes Mexico hours later, killing at least 13 and causing over $280 million in damages.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — 2016 Fukuoka 6th district by-election
A by-election for the Fukuoka 6th district in the Japanese Japanese House of Representatives was held on 23 October 2016. The by-election was called following the death of the incumbent member Kunio Hatoyama, a former cabinet minister and member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), from duodenal ulcer in Tokyo on 21 June 2016.
Japan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2016 — 2016 Tokyo 10th district by-election
A by-election for the Tokyo 10th district in the Japanese Japanese House of Representatives was held on 23 October 2016 to replace Yuriko Koike, who vacated the seat to contest the Tokyo gubernatorial election in July 2016. Koike, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), had represented the district since the December 2012 general election and also served a previous term from 2005 to 2009.
Japan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2016 — 2016 Basel-Stadt Grand Council election
Elections to the Grand Council of Basel-Stadt were held on 23 October 2016. The big winners were the Liberal Party of Basel-Stadt, who increased their popular vote from 9.6% in 2012 to 13.8% and gaining four additional seats. Both centre-left parties, the Social Democrats and the Green Party also gained ground and won one additional seat each.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — Hong Kong extends the Kwun Tong line to Whampoa
Hong Kong's MTR opened the Kwun Tong line extension with new stations at Ho Man Tin and Whampoa.
Ho Man Tin and Whampoa, Hong Kong · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-11-06
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2017 — 2017 Sturgeon River—Parkland federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Sturgeon River—Parkland in Alberta on 23 October 2017 following the resignation of Conservative MP Rona Ambrose. The seat was held for the Conservatives by Dane Lloyd. The by-election was held on the same day as another Tory held seat in Lac-Saint-Jean in Quebec. This seat however was lost to the Liberals.
Canada · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2017 — 2017 Lac-Saint-Jean federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Lac-Saint-Jean in the Quebec, Canada on 23 October 2017 following the resignation of Conservative MP Denis Lebel. The Deputy Leader of the Opposition announced in June 2017 that he would be stepping down from Parliament. The seat was gained by the Liberals by Richard Hébert on a huge swing, and a surprising gain from a governing party; similar to the one seen two months later in the South Surrey—White Rock federal by-election.
Canada · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2017 — Siege of Marawi
The siege of Marawi (Filipino: Pagkubkob sa Marawi), also known as the Marawi crisis (Krisis sa Marawi) and the Battle of Marawi (Labanan sa Marawi), was a five-month-long armed conflict in Marawi, Philippines, that started on May 23, 2017, between Philippine government security forces against militants affiliated with the Islamic State (IS), including the Maute and Abu Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Philippines · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2019 — 2019 Botswana general election
General elections were held in Botswana on 23 October 2019 to elect MPs and local government councillors. Despite a high profile split in the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) in May 2019 when former President Ian Khama left the party and switched his support to the new Botswana Patriotic Front, the BDP's vote share increased to almost 53% as the party won 38 of the 57 elected seats in the National Assembly, a gain of one compared to the 2014 elections.
Botswana · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2019 — 2019 FFA Cup final
The 2019 FFA Cup final was the sixth final of the FFA Cup (now known as the Australia Cup), Australia's main soccer cup competition and the final match of the 2019 FFA Cup. The match was contested between Adelaide United and Melbourne City, and was held at Coopers Stadium, home of Adelaide United. Hosts Adelaide United defeated Melbourne City by four goals to nil, recording their third FFA Cup title and second in succession.
Australia · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2020 — Libyan civil war (2014–2020)
The Libyan civil war (2014–2020), also known as the Second Libyan Civil War, was a multilateral civil war which was fought in Libya among a number of armed groups, but mainly the House of Representatives (HoR) and the Government of National Accord (GNA), for six years from 2014 to 2020.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Libya · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2020 — Lachin offensive
The Lachin offensive (Azerbaijani: Laçına hücum əməliyyatı) was a military operation launched by Azerbaijan against the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh and their Armenian allies along the Armenia–Azerbaijan border during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, with the suspected goal of taking control of the Lachin corridor. The offensive began in mid-October, when the Azerbaijani forces advanced into Qubadlı and Laçın Districts after capturing Zəngilan.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2021 — 2021 Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia leadership election
The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) held a leadership election on 23 October 2021. MEP Kateřina Konečná was elected the new leader.
Czechia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2021 — UFC Fight Night: Costa vs. Vettori
UFC Fight Night: Costa vs. Vettori (also known as UFC Fight Night 196, UFC Vegas 41 and UFC on ESPN+ 54) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on October 23, 2021 at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.
Nevada, United States · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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2021 — Bound for Glory (2021)
The 2021 Bound for Glory was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on October 23, 2021, at Sam's Town Live in Sunrise Manor, Nevada. This was Impact Wrestling's first event to take place outside of Nashville, Tennessee, since March 2020. It was the 17th event under the Bound for Glory chronology and featured wrestlers from Impact's partner promotions All Elite Wrestling (AEW), Mexico's Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), and Japan's New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).
Nevada, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-24
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2021 — Bellator 269
Bellator 269: Fedor vs. Johnson (also known as Bellator Moscow) was a mixed martial arts event produced by Bellator MMA that took place on October 23, 2021, at VTB Arena in Moscow, Russia.
Russia · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Challenger Coquimbo II
The 2022 Challenger Coquimbo II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Coquimbo, Chile between 17 and 23 October 2022.
Chile · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — 2022 Slovenian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Slovenia on 23 October 2022. Incumbent President Borut Pahor was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term due to term limits. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a runoff between the top two placing candidates, former foreign minister Anže Logar, an SDS member running as an independent, and independent former Information Commissioner Nataša Pirc Musar, took place on 13 November 2022.
Slovenia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — 2022 GB Pro-Series Glasgow
The 2022 GB Pro-Series Glasgow was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the twenty-ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Glasgow, United Kingdom between 17 and 23 October 2022.
Glasgow, United Kingdom · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — 2022 Hamburg Ladies & Gents Cup
The 2022 Hamburg Ladies & Gents Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Hamburg, Germany between 17 and 23 October 2022.
Hamburg, Germany · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — 2022 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay
The 2022 Challenger Banque Nationale de Saguenay was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the fifteenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Saguenay, Quebec, Canada between 17 and 23 October 2022.
Canada · Sport · Checked 2026-09-24
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2022 — Hpakant massacre
On the night of 23 October 2022, the Myanmar Air Force launched a series of airstrikes in Hpakant Township, Kachin State, Northern Myanmar. The targeted area was within the territory of the Kachin Independence Organization's 9th Brigade in the Anangpa (အနန့်ပါ) area. The airstrikes hit an outdoor concert killing at least 80 civilians, including KIO officials and musical performers.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Mercer Tennis Classic
The 2022 Mercer Tennis Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Macon, Georgia, United States between 17 and 23 October 2022.
United States · Sport · Checked 2026-10-19
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2022 — Xi Jinping is re-elected general secretary for a third term
Xi Jinping was re-elected general secretary of the Communist Party of China for a third term at the first plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee in Beijing on 23 October 2022.
Beijing, China · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-04
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2022 — 17th Rome Film Festival
The 17th Rome Film Festival took place from 13 to 23 October 2022 in the Auditorium Parco della Musica, Rome. It became a competitive festival from 2022. The festival programme was unveiled by Paola Malanga, the festival's new artistic director, on 22 September 2022. It opened with The Hummingbird by Francesca Archibugi, preceded by short film Luciano Pavarotti, la stella by Gianluigi Toccafondo.
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Location not yet verified · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-10-18
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2023 — 2023 New Brunswick municipal by-elections
In 2023, local government by-elections were held across New Brunswick fill mayoral and town council vacancies. The by-elections for wards 2 and 3 of Valley Waters were held on 13 February, while the remainder of the by-elections were held on 23 October.
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Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2025 — 2025 Caerphilly by-election
The 2025 Caerphilly by-election was held on 23 October 2025 to elect the new member of the Senedd (MS) for the Senedd constituency of Caerphilly following the death of Hefin David on 12 August 2025. Former Senedd member Lindsay Whittle of Plaid Cymru won the by-election with 47% of the vote, ending more than a hundred years of Labour representation in UK Parliament and Senedd elections in Caerphilly, and outperforming expectations of a closer race between Plaid Cymru and Reform UK.
Wales, United Kingdom · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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