October 8 historical events
451 — The council opened on 8 October 451
The Council of Chalcedon (; Latin: Concilium Chalcedonense) was the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the Roman emperor Marcian. The council convened in the city of Chalcedon, Bithynia (modern-day Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey) from 8 October to 1 November 451. The council was attended by over 520 bishops or their representatives, making it the largest and best-documented of the first seven ecumenical councils.
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876 — Battle of Andernach (876)
The First Battle of Andernach between the West Frankish king Charles the Bald and the East Frankish king Louis the Younger took place on 8 October 876 near Kettig southeast of Andernach and resulted in Charles' defeat.
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1200 — Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen of England
On October 8, 1200, Isabella of Angoulême was crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in London.
The historical date is given as recorded by Westminster Abbey; no conversion to the proleptic Gregorian calendar has been made.
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1275 — Scottish forces win the Battle of Ronaldsway
On October 8, 1275, Scottish forces defeated Manx forces at Ronaldsway on the Isle of Man.
The historical date is retained without conversion to the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
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1480 — Great Stand on the Ugra River
The Great Stand on the Ugra River (Russian: Великое стояние на Угре) or the Standing on the Ugra River, also known as the Battle of the Ugra, was a standoff in 1480 on the banks of the Ugra River between the forces of Akhmat Khan of the Great Horde, and Grand Prince Ivan III of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1573 — Siege of Alkmaar
The Siege of Alkmaar (1573) was a turning point in the Eighty Years' War. The burghers of the Dutch city of Alkmaar held off the Spanish (who had set up their camp in Oudorp) between August 21 and October 8, 1573, with boiling tar and burning branches from their renewed city walls. On September 23, William the Silent followed up on a request by Cabeliau dating from the beginning of the siege and ordered the dikes surrounding Alkmaar to be breached, thereby flooding the polders in which the Spanish troops were camped.
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1588 — Hungarian forces win the Battle of Szikszó
On October 8, 1588, Hungarian forces defeated an Ottoman force near Szikszó in the Kingdom of Hungary.
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1643 — Shunzhi Emperor takes the Qing throne at Shengjing
Fulin, the young son of Hong Taiji, formally took the Qing throne at Shengjing, now Shenyang. Dorgon and Jirgalang served as regents. This ceremony preceded his move to Beijing in 1644.
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1645 — Jeanne Mance opens the Hôtel-Dieu hospital building in Montreal
Jeanne Mance opened a dedicated hospital building in Ville-Marie, now Montreal. She had already been caring for patients in temporary quarters.
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1656 — Battle of Prostki
The Battle of ProstkI was fought near Prostki (German: Prostken), Duchy of Prussia (today in Ełk County, Poland) on October 8, 1656 between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and allied Crimean Tatars commanded by hetman Wincenty Gosiewski on one side, and on the other allied Swedish and Brandenburg forces commanded by Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck, reinforced by cavalry of Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł.
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1672 — Battle of Niemirów
The Battle of Niemyrow or battle of Nemirów took place on 7–8 October 1672, during the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676). It was part of Jan III Sobieski’s autumn expedition, aimed at destruction of mounted Tatar units, which plundered southeastern provinces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Battle of Narol, Polish units rested for some time, and on 7 October set off towards Cieszanow and Lubaczow.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1690 — Ottoman forces capture Belgrade
Ottoman forces captured Belgrade on 8 October 1690. A shell hit the fortress’s main powder magazine and caused an explosion, forcing the Austrian garrison to surrender.
The retained infobox gives the siege dates as 2–8 October 1690; this entry records its end.
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1708 — Battle of Koporye
The Battle of Koporye took place on October 8, 1708 close to Koporye, in the Swedish Empire during the Ingrian campaign in the Great Northern War. A Swedish force consisting of 1,800 men under the command of generals Carl Gustaf Armfeldt and Anders Erik Ramsay attacked a numerically stronger enemy of between 2,000 and 3,000 Russian forces.
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1747 — Voyage of the Glorioso
The voyage of the Glorioso involved three naval engagements fought in 1747 during the War of Jenkins' Ear between the 70-gun Spanish ship of the line Glorioso and several British squadrons which tried to capture it. Glorioso, carrying four million Spanish dollars from the Spanish Main, repelled two British attacks off the Azores and Cape Finisterre, landing her cargo at the port of Corcubión in Spain.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1784 — Kettle War
The Kettle War (Dutch: Keteloorlog or Marmietenoorlog) was a military confrontation between the forces of both the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of the Seven Netherlands on 8 October 1784. It was named the Kettle War because the only shot fired hit a soup kettle.
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1789 — Siege of Belgrade (1789)
In the siege of Belgrade (15 September – 8 October 1789) a Habsburg Austrian army led by feldmarschall Ernst Gideon von Laudon besieged an Ottoman force under Osman Pasha in the fortress of Belgrade. After a three-week leaguer, the Austrians forced the surrender of the fortress. During the campaign which was part of the Austro-Turkish War, the Austrian army was greatly hampered by illness.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1792 — Siege of Lille (1792)
The siege of Lille (25 September – 8 October 1792) saw a Republican French garrison under Jean-Baptiste André Ruault de La Bonnerie hold Lille against an assault by a Habsburg army commanded by Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen. Though the city was fiercely bombarded, the French successfully withstood the Austrian attack in the action. Because the Austrians were unable to completely encircle the city, the French were able to continuously send in reinforcements.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1793 — 1793 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1793 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 8, 1793. Incumbent Democratic-Republican governor Thomas Mifflin sought re-election to another term, defeating Federalist candidate and U.S. Representative Frederick Muhlenberg. Muhlenberg won only two counties: York and Bedford. However, Mifflin's 2–1 vote margin was down from his 10–1 victory margin in the 1790 gubernatorial election.
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1799 — Pennsylvania holds its gubernatorial election
On October 8, 1799, voters in Pennsylvania went to the polls to elect a governor. The main candidates were Thomas McKean and James Ross.
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1801 — Vermont confirms Isaac Tichenor’s re-election as governor in 1801
The sheriff proclaimed Isaac Tichenor’s re-election after a joint committee of the Vermont legislature reported its count in Newbury.
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1805 — Battle of Wertingen
In the Battle of Wertingen (8 October 1805) Imperial French forces led by Marshals Joachim Murat and Jean Lannes attacked a small Austrian corps commanded by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Franz Xaver von Auffenberg. This action, the first battle of the Ulm Campaign, resulted in a clear French victory. Wertingen lies 28 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of Augsburg. The combat was fought during the War of the Third Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
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1805 — 1805 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1805 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1805, to elect the governor of Ohio. Incumbent Democratic-Republican governor Edward Tiffin won re-election against fellow Democratic-Republican candidate Nathaniel Massie and Federalist nominee Benjamin I. Gilman.
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1805 — 1805 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1805 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 8, 1805. Incumbent governor Thomas McKean won a contentious election over the endorsed Democratic-Republican candidate, Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives Simon Snyder. Although the Democratic-Republicans united behind the McKean ticket in each of the prior two election cycles, by 1805, the party had divided into moderate and radical wings.
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1811 — 1811 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
The 1811 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election occurred on October 8, 1811. Incumbent Democratic-Republican governor Simon Snyder won re-election over Federalist candidate William Tilghman, the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, by a wide margin.
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1813 — Treaty of Ried
The Treaty of Ried of 8 October 1813 was a treaty that was signed between the Kingdom of Bavaria and Austrian Empire. By the treaty, Bavaria left the Confederation of the Rhine, which was allied with Napoleon, and agreed to join the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in exchange for a guarantee of its continued sovereign and independent status.
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1816 — 1816 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1816 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1816, in order to elect the Governor of Ohio. Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor of Ohio Thomas Worthington defeated fellow Democratic-Republican members James Dunlap and Ethan Allen Brown.
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1821 — San Martín establishes the Peruvian Navy
On October 8, 1821, José de San Martín decreed the creation of the Peruvian Navy.
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1822 — 1822 Ohio gubernatorial election
The Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1822, and Jeremiah Morrow was elected governor.
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1844 — New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1844
The New Jersey gubernatorial election of 1844 was a race for Governor of New Jersey held on October 8, 1844. Whig Charles C. Stratton defeated Democratic nominee John Renshaw Thomson with 50.94% of the vote.
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1844 — 1844 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1844 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1844. Incumbent Democratic Governor Thomas W. Bartley did not run for re-election. Bartley's father, Whig nominee Mordecai Bartley, defeated Democratic nominee David Tod and Liberty nominee Leicester King.
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1850 — 1850 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1850 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1850, in order to elect the Governor of Ohio. Democratic nominee and former Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court Reuben Wood defeated Whig nominee and former member of the Ohio House of Representatives William Johnston and Free Soil nominee Edward Smith.
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1851 — Peace ends the Great Siege of Montevideo
On October 8, 1851, a peace agreement ended the Great Siege of Montevideo in Uruguay.
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1853 — 1853 California lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1853 California lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1853, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of California. Democratic nominee and incumbent lieutenant governor Samuel Purdy defeated Whig nominee Henry Eno.
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1856 — Second Opium War
The Second Opium War (simplified Chinese: 第二次鸦片战争; traditional Chinese: 第二次鴉片戰爭), also known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War or Arrow War, was fought between the United Kingdom and France against the Qing dynasty of China between 1856 and 1860. It was the second major conflict in the Opium Wars, which were fought over the right to import opium to China, and resulted in a second defeat for the Qing and the forced legalisation of the opium trade. It caused many Chinese officials to believe that conflicts with the Western powers were no longer traditional wars, but part of a looming national crisis. On 8 October 1856, Qing officials seized the Arrow, a British-registered cargo ship, and arrested its Chinese sailors.
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1856 — Russia in the Opium Wars
Imperial Russia was a participant of the Chinese Opium Wars, more specifically in the second war which occurred in 1856–1860. Russia played a role of mediator, being both an ally with Britain, France, and the United States and negotiator with the elites of the Qing dynasty. Throughout the whole war period Russia provided minimal amount of military aid and used diplomatic power to present its interests in the conflict.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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1861 — 1861 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1861 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1861, in order to elect the governor of Iowa. Incumbent Republican governor Samuel J. Kirkwood was re-elected against Democratic nominee William H. Merritt and several other candidates.
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1861 — 1861 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1861 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1861. National Union nominee David Tod defeated Democratic nominee Hugh J. Jewett with 57.68% of the vote.
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1862 — Battle of Perryville
The Battle of Perryville, also known as the Battle of Chaplin Hills, was fought on October 8, 1862, in the Chaplin Hills west of Perryville, Kentucky, as the culmination of the Confederate Heartland Offensive (Kentucky Campaign) during the American Civil War. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Mississippi initially won a tactical victory against primarily a single corps of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell's Union Army of the Ohio. The battle is considered a strategic Union victory, sometimes called the Battle for Kentucky, since Bragg withdrew to Tennessee soon thereafter. The Union retained control of the critical border state of Kentucky for the remainder of the war.
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1867 — 1867 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1867 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1867. Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democratic nominee Allen G. Thurman with 50.31% of the vote.
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1867 — 1867 Iowa Senate election
In the 1867 Iowa State Senate elections, Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twelfth Iowa General Assembly. Following the expansion of the Iowa Senate from 48 to 49 seats in 1867, elections were held for 34 of the state senate's 49 seats. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate. The general election took place on October 8, 1867.
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1867 — 1867 Iowa gubernatorial election
The 1867 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1867. Republican nominee Samuel Merrill defeated Democratic nominee Charles Mason with 58.88% of the vote.
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1871 — Peshtigo Fire
The Peshtigo Fire was a forest fire that took place on October 8, 1871 in and around Peshtigo, Wisconsin. It was a firestorm that caused the most deaths by fire in United States history, and was the deadliest wildfire in recorded history, with estimated deaths of around 1,500 people, possibly as many as 2,500. Occurring on the same day as the more famous Great Chicago Fire, the Peshtigo Fire has been largely forgotten. On the same day as the Peshtigo and Chicago fires, the cities of Holland and Manistee, Michigan, across Lake Michigan, also burned and the same fate befell Port Huron at the southern end of Lake Huron as well.
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1871 — The Great Chicago Fire begins
The Great Chicago Fire began in Chicago, Illinois, on 8 October 1871 and burned until 10 October. It destroyed thousands of buildings, killed about 300 people and left roughly 100,000 residents homeless.
This entry uses the fire’s starting date; the destruction continued over several days. Loss figures are estimates.
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1872 — Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, 1872
The Pennsylvania gubernatorial election of 1872 occurred on October 8, 1872. Incumbent governor John W. Geary, a Republican, was not a candidate for re-election. Republican candidate John F. Hartranft defeated Democratic candidate Charles R. Buckalew to become Governor of Pennsylvania.
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1872 — 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election
The 1872 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1872. Democratic nominee Thomas A. Hendricks defeated Republican nominee Thomas M. Browne with 50.12% of the vote.
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1872 — 1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election
The 1872 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on October 8, 1872, to elect the governor of West Virginia. Incumbent John Jeremiah Jacob was denied renomination by the Democratic Party, which was controlled by Camden. Jacob ran on the ad hoc "People's Independent" ticket with Republican support. He was re-elected by 2400 votes for a four-year term.
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1873 — 1873 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1873 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 8, 1873. Democratic nominee William Allen defeated incumbent Republican Edward Follansbee Noyes with 47.82% of the vote.
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1879 — Battle of Angamos
The Battle of Angamos (Spanish: Combate de Angamos) was a naval encounter of the War of the Pacific fought between the navies of Chile and Perú at Punta Angamos, on 8 October 1879. The battle was the culminant point of a naval campaign that lasted about five months, as the Chilean Navy steamed with the sole mission of eliminating its Peruvian counterpart. In the struggle, two armored frigates, led by Commodore Galvarino Riveros and Navy Captain Juan José Latorre battered and later captured the Peruvian monitor Huáscar, under Rear Admiral Miguel Grau Seminario.
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1884 — Battle of Tamsui
The Battle of Tamsui (Chinese: 淡水之役; French: combat de Tamsui) or Battle of Hobe (滬尾之役), fought on 8 October 1884, was a significant French defeat during the Sino-French War.
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1895 — Assassination of Empress Myeongseong
Around 6 a.m. on 8 October 1895, Queen Min, the consort of the Korean monarch Gojong, was assassinated by a group of Japanese agents under Miura Gorō. After her death, she was posthumously given the title of "Empress Myeongseong". The attack happened at the royal palace Gyeongbokgung in Seoul, Joseon. This incident is known in Korea as the Eulmi Incident.
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1895 — Queen Min is assassinated at Gyeongbok Palace
On October 8, 1895, Queen Min of Joseon was killed at Gyeongbok Palace in Hanseong, now Seoul, by Japanese assailants. She was later posthumously honored as Empress Myeongseong.
The date corresponds to the twentieth day of the eighth lunar month in the Korean calendar.
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1897 — Gustav Mahler is named director of the Vienna Court Opera
A decree dated October 8 named Gustav Mahler to succeed Wilhelm Jahn as director of the Vienna Court Opera. Mahler had already joined the opera’s conducting staff earlier that year.
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1909 — 1909 Brighton state by-election
The 1909 Brighton state by-election was held on 8 October 1909 to elect the next member for Brighton in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, following the death of incumbent MP and former premier Thomas Bent. Bent, who served as premier from February 1904 until January 1909, died on 17 September 1909 at his home in Bay Street, Brighton. He had been unopposed at the previous election in 1908.
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1915 — Battle of Loos
The Battle of Loos took place from 25 September to 8 October 1915 in France on the Western Front, during the First World War. It was the biggest British attack of 1915, the first time that the British used gas as a weapon and the first mass engagement of New Army divisions.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1916 — Battle of Cinghinarele Island
The Battle of Cinghinarele Island was a military engagement between Central Powers forces (Germany and Austria-Hungary) on one side and Romanian forces on the other side during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. It took place in early October 1916. In late September 1916, Romanian forces occupied the island, setting up a garrison comprising an infantry company and six guns in two batteries.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1921 — KDKA broadcasts a college football game from Forbes Field
Announcer Harold Arlin called the Pittsburgh–West Virginia football game live from Forbes Field. The broadcast was an early example of live college football commentary on radio.
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1923 — Professionals win the 1923 FA Charity Shield
On October 8, 1923, the Professionals defeated the Amateurs 2–0 in the FA Charity Shield at Stamford Bridge in London.
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1927 — 1927 New South Wales state election
The 1927 New South Wales state election to elect the 90 members of the 28th Legislative Assembly was held on 8 October 1927. During the previous parliament the voting system, Single transferable voting, a form of proportional representation with multi-member seats (modified Hare-Clark), had been changed to single member constituencies and Instant-runoff voting (optional preferential voting).
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1930 — 1930 Western Maori by-election
The 1930 Western Maori by-election was a by-election during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 8 October 1930. It was held on the same day as another by-election in Waipawa. The seat of Western Maori became vacant following the death of the sitting member Sir Maui Pomare on 27 June. The by-election was won by Taite Te Tomo.
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1930 — 1930 FA Charity Shield
The 1930 FA Charity Shield was the 17th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match. It was played between Arsenal (1929–30 FA Cup winners) and Sheffield Wednesday (1929–30 Football League champions) at Stamford Bridge in London on 8 October 1930. Arsenal won the match 2–1.
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1930 — 1930 Waipawa by-election
The Waipawa by-election of 1930 was a by-election for the rural Hawke's Bay electorate of Waipawa held on 8 October of that year during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member George Hunter of the Reform Party on 20 August. It was held on the same day as another by-election in Western Maori.
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1938 — Bombing of Sant Vicenç de Calders
The bombing of Sant Vicenç de Calders was an aerial bombing of the railway station of Sant Vicenç de Calders, Catalonia, during the Spanish Civil War. It was carried out on 8 October 1938 at the behest of Francisco Franco's nationalist regime by the Aviazione Legionaria of its fascist Italian allies.
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1939 — Hitler issues a decree to annex Polish territories
On October 8, 1939, Adolf Hitler issued a decree concerning the annexation and administration of occupied Polish territories.
This date records the decree’s issuance.
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1944 — Battle of Crucifix Hill
The Battle of Crucifix Hill was a World War II battle that took place on 8 October 1944, on Crucifix Hill (Haarberg, Hill 239), next to the village of Haaren in Germany and was a part of the U.S. 1st Division's campaign to seize Aachen, Germany. The Battle of Aachen was part of the Drive to the Siegfried Line. The hill was named after a large crucifix mounted on the top of the hill. The objective of the battle was to gain control of the hill, which was laced with a maze of pillboxes and bunkers, so that the main objective of encircling Aachen could be completed.
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1944 — Battle of the Nijmegen salient
The Battle of the Nijmegen salient or the Defence of the Nijmegen bridgehead was a series of engagements that took place in the Netherlands during World War II between 30 September and 8 October 1944. The battle occurred in the aftermath of Operation Market Garden, a failed attempt by the Allies to cut off German forces in the Netherlands and end the war quickly.
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1944 — Battle of Turda
The Battle of Turda lasted from 5 September to 8 October 1944, in the area around Turda, Kingdom of Romania, as part of the wider Battle of Romania. Troops from the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 8th Army fought a defensive action against Romanian and Soviet forces. The battle was one of the largest fought in Transylvania during World War II.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1944 — Battle of Tornio
The Battle of Tornio (October 1–8, 1944) was the first major engagement between Nazi Germany and Finland in the Lapland War; although hostilities had already begun elsewhere (see Tanne Ost).
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1945 — Norwegian parliamentary election, 1945
Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 8 October 1945, the first following World War II and the end of the German occupation. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 76 of the 150 seats in the Storting, the first time a party had won a majority since the 1915 elections.
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1948 — Zhapokikë Uprising
The Zhapokikë Uprising (Albanian: Kryengritja e Zhapokikës) was an anti-Communist uprising in southern Albania that occurred between September 28-October 8, 1948. The uprising had the objective of removing the Marxist–Leninist regime of Enver Hoxha with the desire to implement a nationalist democratic government. Ultimately the uprising was stifled by the regime.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1950 — Haitian general election, 1950
General elections were held in Haiti on 8 October 1950. Paul Magloire was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed.
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1951 — First Battle of Maryang-san
The First Battle of Maryang-san (3–8 October 1951), also known as the Defensive Battle of Maliangshan (Chinese: 馬良山防衛戰; pinyin: Mǎliáng Shān Fángyù Zhàn), was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Australian, British and Canadian—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The fighting occurred during a limited UN offensive by US I Corps, codenamed Operation Commando.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1952 — Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash
The Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash was a three-train collision at Harrow and Wealdstone station in London during the morning rush hour of 8 October 1952. 112 people were killed and 340 injured (88 of these being detained in hospital); it remains the worst peacetime rail crash in the United Kingdom. An overnight express train from Perth crashed at speed into the rear of a local passenger train standing at a platform at the station. The wreckage blocked adjacent lines and was struck within seconds by a "double-headed" express train travelling north at 60 mph (97 km/h).
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1955 — Qian Xuesen returns to mainland China via Hong Kong
Rocket scientist Qian Xuesen and his family reached Hong Kong and crossed the border by train at Lo Wu the same day.
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1956 — Don Larsen pitches a perfect game in the World Series
New York Yankees pitcher Don Larsen retired all 27 Brooklyn Dodgers batters in Game 5 of the World Series. The Yankees won 2–0 at Yankee Stadium.
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1959 — United Kingdom general election, 1959
This United Kingdom general election was held on 8 October 1959. It marked a third successive victory for the ruling Conservative Party, now led by Harold Macmillan. The Conservatives increased their overall majority again, to 100 seats over the Labour Party under Hugh Gaitskell. However, despite this success, they failed to win the most seats in Scotland, and have not done so since, marking the beginning of Labour's dominance until the rise of the Scottish National Party at the 2015 election.
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1959 — 1959 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
On 8 October 1959, the 1959 United Kingdom general election was held in Northern Ireland, to elect all 630 members of the House of Commons, including the 12 Northern Ireland seats in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post. The election took place towards the end of the IRA border campaign, which had seen the IRA launch a series of attacks and bombings against Northern Irish police and infrastructure.
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1959 — 1959 United Kingdom general election in Scotland
On 8 October 1959, the 1959 United Kingdom general election was held in Scotland to elect all 630 seats of the House of Commons, with 71 constituencies being in Scotland.
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1959 — China’s Central Archives opens in Beijing
China’s Central Archives formally opened in Beijing after several years of preparation. It brought together historical documents and records from central institutions.
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1961 — 1961 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship final
The 1961 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the thirtieth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1961 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Tipperary's prospects looked strong at half-time: after playing against the wind with the sun in their eyes, they were only a point down. But Dublin won in end, with Kathleen Mills finishing her career with a record fifteenth All-Ireland medal.
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1962 — North Korean parliamentary election, 1962
Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 8 October 1962. Only one candidate was presented in each constituency, all of which were selected by the Workers' Party of Korea, although some ran under the banner of other parties or state organisations to give an appearance of democracy. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with 100% voting in favour of the candidates presented.
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1963 — 1963 Nova Scotia general election
The 1963 Nova Scotia general election was held on 8 October 1963 to elect members of the 48th House of Assembly of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Progressive Conservatives.
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1966 — 1966 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji between 26 September and 8 October 1966, the last before independence in 1970 and the first held under universal suffrage. The result was a victory for the Alliance Party, which won 23 of the 34 elected seats. Its leader Kamisese Mara became the country's first Chief Minister the following year.
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1967 — Che Guevara is captured in Bolivia
On October 8, 1967, Bolivian soldiers captured Che Guevara after a clash with his guerrilla group.
He was executed the following day, October 9.
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1969 — Taking of Pando
The Taking of Pando (Spanish: Toma de Pando), or the Storming of Pando, was the occupation of the city of Pando, Department of Canelones, by the National Liberation Movement-Tupamaros (MLN-T) during the government of Jorge Pacheco Areco, on October 8, 1969. This event occurred within the context of the guerrilla warfare that the Oriental Republic of Uruguay experienced during the 1960s and 1970s, involving the Armed Forces of Uruguay.
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1973 — Second Battle of Mount Hermon
The Second Battle of Mount Hermon was fought on October 8, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War between the Syrian Army and the Israeli Army. After the IDF outpost on Mount Hermon was captured by Syria on October 6, Israel decided to launch a hasty counterattack. The Syrians repelled the attack, and held on to the Hermon until October 21.
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1973 — Operation Badr (1973)
Operation Badr (Arabic: عملية بدر ʻAmaliyat Badr), also known as Plan Badr (خطة بدر Khitat Badr), was an Egyptian military offensive and operation across the Suez Canal that destroyed the Bar-Lev Line, a chain of Israeli fortifications along the frontline of the Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula, on 6 October 1973. It was launched in conjunction with a Syrian military offensive against the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, triggering the Yom Kippur War.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1974 — U.S. regulators close Franklin National Bank
The U.S. Comptroller of the Currency closed Franklin National Bank after declaring it insolvent. It was the largest bank failure in the United States at the time.
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1977 — Wellington votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1977, voters in Wellington, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1977 — Auckland votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1977, voters in Auckland, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1977 — Christchurch votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1977, voters in Christchurch, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1977 — Dunedin votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1977, voters in Dunedin, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1977 — Porirua votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1977, voters in Porirua, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1977 — Lower Hutt votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1977, voters in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1978 — 1978 Hessian state election
The 1978 Hessian state election was held on 8 October 1978 to elect the 9th Landtag of Hesse. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Holger Börner. The opposition Christian Democratic Union (CDU) remained the largest party with 46%, but the SPD narrowed the gap with a swing of about one percentage point.
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1978 — Hundred Days' War
The Hundred Days War (Arabic: حرب المئة يوم, Harb Al-Mia'at Yaoum, French: La Guerre des Cent Jours) was a subconflict within the 1977–82 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred in the Lebanese capital Beirut. It was fought between the allied Christian Lebanese Front militias, under the command of the Kataeb Party's President Bachir Gemayel, and the Syrian troops of the Arab Deterrent Force (ADF).
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1978 — 1978 NSL Cup final
Brisbane City beat Adelaide City 2–1 in the NSL Cup final at Perry Park, Brisbane, on 8 October 1978. Football Australia’s honours board identifies these teams and this score with the 1978 cup, while the encyclopedia’s retained match narrative gives the October 8 date.
The occurrence year is 1978. The earlier 1977 entry came from a conflicting infobox; the national federation confirms the cup edition and result, while the retained match sentence supplies the exact day.
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1978 — Ken Warby sets a world water speed record
Ken Warby broke the world water speed record in his jet-powered hydroplane Spirit of Australia on Blowering Dam in New South Wales.
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1983 — 1983 Invercargill mayoral election
The 1983 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 8 October 1983 as part of the 1983 New Zealand local elections, and was conducted under the First Past the Post system. After her loss at the previous election, former deputy mayor Eve Poole defeated incumbent councillors John Russell and Jim Fenton, thus becoming the first female Mayor of Invercargill.
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1983 — Auckland votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1983, voters in Auckland, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1983 — Porirua votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1983, voters in Porirua, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1983 — Christchurch votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1983, voters in Christchurch, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1983 — Porirua votes in its City Council election
On October 8, 1983, voters in Porirua, New Zealand, took part in the City Council election.
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1983 — Lower Hutt votes in its mayoral election
On October 8, 1983, voters in Lower Hutt, New Zealand, took part in the city’s mayoral election.
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1985 — 1985 Atlanta mayoral election
The 1985 Atlanta mayoral election took place on October 8, 1985. Incumbent Mayor Andrew Young easily won a second term against token opposition.
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1985 — The English-language Les Misérables opens at London’s Barbican
The Royal Shakespeare Company and Cameron Mackintosh’s English-language production of Les Misérables opened at the Barbican. The musical, adapted from Victor Hugo’s novel, moved to the West End later that year.
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1986 — 1986 Cipel-Marco fur factory explosion
On 8 October 1986, an explosion occurred at the Cipel-Marco fur factory located on the third floor of Wing Loi Industrial Building on Wing Lap Street, Kwai Chung, Hong Kong. The explosion was followed by a massive fire, which ultimately resulted in 14 deaths and 10 injuries. It is one of the most significant industrial accidents in Hong Kong's history.
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1988 — 1988 Oxley by-election
A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Oxley on 8 October 1988. This was triggered by the resignation of former Labor Party leader Bill Hayden to become Governor-General. Both the Liberal Party and the National Party fielded candidates; the Liberal Party overtook the National Party into second place. The election was won by Labor candidate Les Scott, despite an 11.8% swing to the Liberals.
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1989 — 1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final
The 1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final was the sixteenth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1989 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, an inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Wexford scored the first point but Kerry hit six without reply and won in the end without great exertion. Margaret Lawlor-Slattery scored 0–8.
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1990 — Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 1990
The second Iranian Assembly of Experts election was held on October 8, 1990 to elect all 83 members in 24 constituencies. The election was the first election of the assembly since Ayatollah Khomeini's death and election of Ali Khamenei as the new Supreme Leader. This election had the lowest turnout in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran with 37.09% of the eligible voters participating. Out of 180 individuals registered to run, 109 (60.55%) were qualified by the Guardian Council. The council disqualified many left-wing clerics including Mehdi Karroubi, Sadegh Khalkhali, Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur, Hadi Khamenei and Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani.
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1990 — Clashes occur at al-Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem
On October 8, 1990, clashes broke out between Israeli police and Palestinians at al-Haram al-Sharif, also known as the Temple Mount, in East Jerusalem. Palestinians were killed and injured in the violence.
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1990 — Mainland China’s first McDonald’s opens in Shenzhen
On October 8, 1990, the first McDonald’s restaurant in mainland China opened in Shenzhen.
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1991 — 1991 Bangladeshi presidential election
Indirect presidential elections were held in Bangladesh on 8 October 1991, with the 330 members of the Jatiya Sangsad electing the president. This was the first indirect election after the restoration of the parliamentary system. Abdur Rahman Biswas was nominated by the ruling Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Badrul Haider Chowdhury was nominated by the Awami League. Abdur Rahman Biswas was elected with 172 votes to the 92 received by Badrul Haider Chowdhury.
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1991 — Battle of Jasenovac
The Battle of Jasenovac occurred during the Croatian War of Independence. In September 1991, Serb forces had taken the village of Jasenovac on 7 October, but on 8 October, the ZNG tried an unsuccessful counter-offensive. During the Croatian Army's retreat, they shelled a bridge, causing some damage to the Serbs but Jasenovac remained in their hands. During the village's occupation, Croatian civilians were forced to flee, with many also getting killed.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
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1994 — Operation Vigilant Warrior
Operation Vigilant Warrior (Arabic: عملية المحارب اليقظ) was a military operation from 8 October 1994 to 15 December 1994 by the United States in response to two divisions of Iraqi Republican Guard troops moving toward the Kuwaiti border. A quick response by U.S. president Bill Clinton allowed USCENTAF command and staff to deploy to Riyadh within days.
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1998 — 1998 United Nations Security Council election
The 1998 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 1998 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 53rd session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 1999. The five candidates elected were Argentina, Canada, Malaysia, Namibia (for the first time), and the Netherlands.
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2000 — Belgian local elections, 2000
The Belgian provincial, municipal and district elections of 2000 took place on Sunday October 8, 2000. The electors elected the municipal councillors of 589 cities and towns (308 in the Flemish Region, 262 in the Walloon Region and 19 in the Brussels-Capital Region) as well as the ten provincial councils. Additionally, the newly established district councils in the city of Antwerp were elected for the first time. Newly elected councillors took office in January 2001, with a six-year term ending in 2007. The next local elections took place on October 8, 2006.
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2000 — Polish presidential election, 2000
The 2000 Polish presidential election took place in Poland on 8 October 2000. Incumbent President Aleksander Kwaśniewski was easily re-elected in the first round after winning more than 50% of the votes.
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2001 — 2001 United Nations Security Council election
The 2001 United Nations Security Council election was held on 8 October 2001 at United Nations Headquarters in New York City during the 56th session of the United Nations General Assembly. The General Assembly elected five non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year terms commencing on 1 January 2002. The five candidates elected were Bulgaria, Cameroon, Guinea, Mexico, and Syria.
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2001 — Jenny Shipley steps down as National Party leader
On October 8, 2001, Jenny Shipley stepped down as leader of New Zealand’s National Party.
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2001 — 2001 Linate Airport runway collision
Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 686, a McDonnell Douglas MD-87 airliner carrying 110 people bound for Copenhagen, Denmark, collided on take-off with a Cessna Citation CJ2 business jet carrying four people bound for Paris, France, on 8 October 2001 at Linate Airport in Milan, Italy. All 114 people on both aircraft were killed, as well as four people on the ground.
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2002 — 2002 Kazakh Senate election
Kazakhstan held Senate elections on 8 October 2002 for 16 seats. Members of local legislative bodies, known as mäslihats, indirectly elected the senators.
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2004 — Bush and Kerry hold their second presidential debate
On October 8, 2004, George W. Bush and John Kerry took part in their second presidential debate at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The debate used a town-hall format with questions from local residents.
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2005 — 2005 Kashmir earthquake
On 8 October 2005, at 08:50:39 PKT, a Mw 7.6 earthquake struck the Azad Kashmir region in northern Pakistan. Its epicenter was located in the tehsil of Patikka, near the city of Muzaffarabad. It caused catastrophic damage and tens of thousands of fatalities across Azad Kashmir and northwestern Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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2006 — Belgian local elections, 2006
The Belgian provincial, municipal and district elections of 2006 took place on Sunday 8 October 2006. The electors have elected the municipal councillors of 589 cities and towns (308 in the Flemish Region, 262 in the Walloon Region and 19 in the Brussels-Capital Region) as well as the ten provincial councils. The voters in the town of Antwerp have also been able to vote for the city's district councils. In seven Flemish municipalities with a special language statute (Drogenbos, Kraainem, Linkebeek, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Wemmel, Wezembeek-Oppem and Voeren) and in the Walloon municipality of Comines-Warneton the aldermen and the members of the OCMW/CPAS council have also been directly elected.
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2006 — No Mercy (2006)
No Mercy (2006) was the ninth annual No Mercy professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on October 8, 2006, from the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina and was a SmackDown! brand-exclusive event. The main event was a fatal four-way match for the World Heavyweight Championship between defending champion King Booker, Bobby Lashley, Batista, and Finlay, which Booker won after pinning Finlay. One of the predominant matches on the card was Mr. Kennedy versus The Undertaker, which Kennedy won after Undertaker was disqualified. Another primary match on the undercard was Rey Mysterio versus Chavo Guerrero in a Falls Count Anywhere match.
Raleigh, North Carolina, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2008 — 2008 President of the Hong Kong Legislative Council election
The election for the President of the Fourth Legislative Council took place on 8 October 2008 for members of the 4th Legislative Council of Hong Kong to among themselves elect the President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong for the duration of the Council.
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2008 — 2008 Maldivian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Maldives on 8 and 28 October 2008, the first democratic elections in the country. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held on 28 October between the two candidates among the contestants who received the most votes, incumbent president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom and Mohamed Nasheed, who received the second most votes after Gayoom in the first round.
This entry records the first round, as dated in the source infobox.
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2011 — UFC 136
UFC 136: Edgar vs. Maynard III was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on October 8, 2011, at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. The event coincided with a two-day UFC Fan Expo held at the George R. Brown Convention Center.
Houston, United States · Texas, United States · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2013 — 2013 Raleigh mayoral election
The biennial election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on October 8, 2013. The election was nonpartisan. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane ran for a second term. She received a majority of the vote on October 8, thus avoiding a runoff, which would have been held on November 5.
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2013 — 2013 Nova Scotia general election
The 2013 Nova Scotia general election was held on October 8, 2013, to elect members to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The result of the election was a Liberal victory under the leadership of Stephen McNeil, with the party winning its first election since 1998. The Progressive Conservatives, under the leadership of Jamie Baillie, improved on their 2009 results and formed the Official Opposition, despite winning fewer votes than the New Democratic Party (NDP).
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2015 — 2015 Memphis mayoral election
The 2015 Memphis mayoral election took place on October 8, 2015, to elect the next mayor of Memphis, Tennessee. Incumbent Democratic Mayor A C Wharton ran for re-election to a second full term in office. He was defeated by Memphis City Councilman Jim Strickland, a fellow Democrat, who earned a plurality of the vote and became the first White mayor of Memphis in more than two decades.
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2016 — Czech Senate election, 2016
Senate elections were held in the Czech Republic on 7 and 8 October 2016, with a second round on 14 and 15 of October. The first round was held alongside regional elections and several municipal referendums, notably in a referendum in Brno on the location of the town's train station. The governing coalition of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), ANO 2011 and the Christian and Democratic Union (KDU-ČSL) retained a majority in the full Senate, with the KDU-ČSL making the largest gains, while the Social Democrats incurred the greatest losses, retaining only two of their twelve seats up for re-election.
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2016 — Czech regional elections, 2016
Elections to regional councils in the Czech Republic in 13 regions (except Prague) were held on 7 and 8 October 2016. In one third of constituencies, the elections were combined with Czech Senate elections. Also, several municipal referendums were held, notably in Brno its Central station referendum.
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2016 — UFC 204
UFC 204: Bisping vs. Henderson 2 was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on October 8, 2016 at the Manchester Arena in Manchester, England.
England, United Kingdom · Manchester, United Kingdom · Sport · Checked 2026-09-23
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2016 — 2016 Dunedin mayoral election
The 2016 Dunedin mayoral election was held on Saturday, 8 October 2016 and was conducted under the single transferable voting system. Dave Cull, Dunedin's 57th mayor, was re-elected after seeing off ten challengers.
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2016 — 2016 Rangitikei mayoral election
The 2016 Rangitikei mayoral election were part of the Rangitikei and wider New Zealand local elections. On 8 October 2016, elections were held for the Mayor of Rangitikei and other local government roles. Incumbent mayor Andy Watson was first elected in 2013 with 41.5% of the vote. Watson announced on 9 June he is running for a second term as mayor.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2016 — 2016 Burkina Faso coup attempt
The 2016 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt was an attempt to overthrow the government of Burkina Faso on 8 October 2016. At least 30 ex-members of the elite presidential guard (known as the RSP) planned an attack on three locations: the presidential residence, an Army barracks, and a prison in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso.
Burkina Faso · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2016 — 2016 Invercargill mayoral election
The 2016 Invercargill mayoral election finished on Saturday, 8 October 2016 and was conducted under the first-past-the-post voting system using the postal voting system. It was held as part of the 2016 New Zealand local elections. The incumbent mayor Tim Shadbolt sought a record eighth term, and was re-elected to the position with a reduced majority. Shadbolt was challenged by television host Tom Conroy and sitting Invercargill City councillor Karen Arnold.
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2016 — 2016 Nelson mayoral election
The 2016 Nelson mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections that were held on 8 October 2016 to elect the Mayor of Nelson, New Zealand.
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2016 — 2016 Tauranga mayoral election
The 2016 Tauranga mayoral election was held on 8 October 2016 as part of the New Zealand local elections to elect the Mayor of Tauranga. Incumbent mayor Stuart Crosby announced in 2014 that he would not seek re-election.
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2016 — 2016 Georgian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Georgia on 8 October 2016 to elect the 150 members of Parliament. The ruling Georgian Dream coalition, led by Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili, sought a second term in office. Opposition parties included the former ruling party and main opposition, the United National Movement (UNM); the Free Democrats, formerly a member of the Georgian Dream coalition and led by Irakli Alasania; and the Alliance of Patriots of Georgia.
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2016 — Voting closes in Auckland’s local elections
On October 8, 2016, at noon, voting closed in Auckland’s local elections in New Zealand.
The voting period had begun on September 16.
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2016 — 2016 Wellington City Council election
The 2016 Wellington City Council election took place on the 8th of October 2016, to elect the Mayor of Wellington, city councillors, and community board members for the 2016–2019 term, as part of nation-wide local elections.
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2016 — 2016 Environment Canterbury election
The 2016 Environment Canterbury election was a local election held from September to 8 October in the Canterbury region of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected 7 councillors for the 2016–2019 term of Environment Canterbury; 6 government-appointed commissions also held seats on the council following the election. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — 2016 Auckland mayoral election
An election was held for the Mayor of Auckland in September and October 2016, closing on 8 October, as part of the 2016 Auckland local government elections. Phil Goff was elected.
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2016 — 2016 Christchurch mayoral election
The 2016 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held on 8 October. The incumbent mayor, former Labour MP and government Minister Lianne Dalziel, who was first elected in the 2013 mayoral election was reelected, winning a commanding 83.9% of formal votes cast in the poll. However New Zealand's local government elections in 2016 were characterized by a nationwide low participation rate which saw only 41.8% of enrolled voters cast a ballot in the election.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — Voting concludes in Lower Hutt’s mayoral election
On October 8, 2016, voting concluded in the mayoral election in Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
This is the close of voting, rather than a claim that all votes were cast that day.
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2016 — 2016 Wellington mayoral election
The 2016 Wellington mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections and was held on 8 October to determine the next mayor of Wellington. The incumbent was Celia Wade-Brown, who was first elected in the 2010 mayoral election. Wade-Brown did not seek re-election. Her title was pursued by her deputy, Justin Lester, councillors Jo Coughlan, Andy Foster, Helene Ritchie and Nicola Young, former mayor of Porirua City Nick Leggett, and independent candidates Keith Johnson and Johnny Overton.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — Voting closes in Hamilton’s mayoral election
On October 8, 2016, at noon, voting closed in the mayoral election in Hamilton, New Zealand.
Results were declared later in October.
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2016 — Liberec regional election reaches its second polling day
On October 8, 2016, voters in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic took part in the second day of voting for their regional assembly.
Voting took place over October 7 and 8.
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2016 — 2016 Rangitikei District Council election
The 2016 Rangitikei District Council election was held across the Rangitikei District of Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand, between 16 September and 8 October. These elections were for the offices of Mayor of Rangitikei, eleven members of the Rangitikei District Council, four members each of two community boards, and seven members of the Whanganui District Health Board; these elections were part of the New Zealand-wide local elections.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2017 — Hell in a Cell (2017)
The 2017 Hell in a Cell was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE, held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's main roster brand, SmackDown. It was the ninth annual Hell in a Cell event and took place on October 8, 2017, at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, Michigan.
Michigan, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2017 — Battle of Hawija
The Battle of Hawija was an offensive launched in September 2017 by the Iraqi Army, in order to recapture the town of Hawija and the surrounding areas from the ISIS. The offensive was concurrent with the 2017 Central Syria campaign by the Syrian Army to capture IS territory towards Deir ez-Zor, as well as with the Raqqa campaign (2016–17) conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against IS's de facto capital city and stronghold in Syria.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Iraq · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2018 — The IPCC releases its special report on 1.5 degrees of warming
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its special report on global warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius. The report examined the impacts of that level of warming and pathways for limiting it.
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2019 — 2019 Raleigh mayoral election
The 2019 mayoral election in the city of Raleigh, North Carolina, was held on Tuesday, October 8, 2019. Former City Council member Mary-Ann Baldwin placed first in the election, followed by attorney Charles Francis. Although Baldwin did not receive a majority of the vote, Francis declined to seek a runoff, leaving Baldwin elected as the city's next mayor.
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2019 — 2019 Montgomery mayoral election
The 2019 Montgomery mayoral election took place on August 28 and October 8, 2019, to elect the Mayor of Montgomery, Alabama. Incumbent Republican Mayor Todd Strange, who had been elected to a partial term and two full terms as mayor, did not seek re-election to a fourth full term in office. The election was officially nonpartisan.
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2019 — 2019 Cary, North Carolina, mayoral election
Cary, North Carolina, held an election for mayor on Tuesday, October 8, 2019. On July 10, 2019, Harold Weinbrecht, the incumbent mayor, announced that he was running for re-election. He was first elected in 2007 and re-elected in 2011 and 2015. Dero-Asha Davis-Weeks was Weinbrecht's sole challenger. Harold Weinbrecht was elected to a fourth term, winning 84.1% of the vote.
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2019 — Extinction Rebellion
Extinction Rebellion (abbreviated as XR) is a UK-founded global environmental movement, with the stated aim of using nonviolent civil disobedience to compel government action to avoid tipping points in the climate system, biodiversity loss, and the risk of social and ecological collapse. Extinction Rebellion was established in Stroud in May 2018 by Gail Bradbrook, Simon Bramwell, Roger Hallam, and Stuart Basden, along with six other co-founders from the campaign group Rising Up!
About 200 Extinction Rebellion activists block the gates of Leinster House (parliament) in the Republic of Ireland.
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2020 — Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shusha is struck twice
On October 8, 2020, the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shusha was struck twice during the Nagorno-Karabakh war. Human Rights Watch documented the two attacks, which took place hours apart.
The city was under Armenian control at the time.
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2021 — King of the Ring (2021)
The 2021 King of the Ring was the 22nd edition of the King of the Ring tournament produced by WWE. It was held between wrestlers from the Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. Tournament matches began on the October 8, 2021 episode of SmackDown and continued to be held across episodes of Raw and SmackDown. The tournament concluded at the Crown Jewel pay-per-view and livestreaming event on October 21.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
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2021 — Ms. Olympia finals take place in Orlando
On October 8, 2021, the Ms. Olympia bodybuilding finals took place at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida.
The finals were part of the Olympia weekend’s Friday evening program.
United States · Sport · Checked 2026-10-21
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2022 — 2022 Rotorua mayoral election
The 2022 Rotorua mayoral election took place on 8 October 2022 to determine the Mayor of Rotorua. Incumbent mayor Steve Chadwick did not run for re-election.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — Extreme Rules (2022)
The 2022 Extreme Rules was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was the 14th annual and final Extreme Rules and took place on October 8, 2022, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions.
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2022 — 2022 Queenstown-Lakes District Council election
The 2022 Queenstown-Lakes District Council election took place between 16 September and 8 October 2022 via postal vote as part of nation-wide local elections.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — 2022 Dunedin mayoral election
The 2022 Dunedin mayoral election between 16 September and 8 October 2022 was part of the 2022 New Zealand local elections. Voters preferred former city councillor Jules Radich to the incumbent Aaron Hawkins. The Mayor's role is 'to provide leadership to the other elected members of the territorial authority, be a leader in the community and perform civic duties'. Voting was held using Single Transferable Vote (STV).
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — 2022 Invercargill mayoral election
The 2022 Invercargill mayoral election took place on 8 October 2022 as part of the New Zealand local elections. Incumbent mayor Tim Shadbolt unsuccessfully sought a tenth term against nine other candidates, losing to his deputy Nobby Clark. The election was conducted under the first-past-the-post voting system using the postal voting system. Voting began on 16 September and ended at noon on 8 October 2022.
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2022 — 2022 Auckland mayoral election
The 2022 Auckland mayoral election was held on 8 October 2022 to determine the Mayor of Auckland, as part of the 2022 New Zealand local elections. The incumbent mayor since 2016, Phil Goff, did not seek re-election. Campaign issues include transport strategy, council finance issues and the Three Waters reform programme. After provisional vote counts were released on 8 October, Wayne Brown declared victory, and Efeso Collins conceded the election.
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2022 — 2022 Marlborough District Council election
The 2022 Marlborough District Council election was held on 8 October 2022 as part of the wider 2022 New Zealand local elections to elect members to sub-national councils and boards. These elections covered one district council, consisting of fourteen district councillors and one mayor.
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2022 — Voting concludes in Lower Hutt’s mayoral election
On October 8, 2022, postal voting concluded in the mayoral election in Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
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2022 — Dunedin releases progress results for its local elections
On October 8, 2022, Dunedin City Council in New Zealand released progress results for its local elections.
These were progress results, rather than the final certified count.
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2022 — 2022 Christchurch mayoral election
The 2022 Christchurch mayoral election was a local election held from 16 September to 8 October in Christchurch, New Zealand, as part of that year's city council election and nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Christchurch for the 2022–2025 term of the Christchurch City Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system was used. Incumbent third-term mayor Lianne Dalziel did not run for re-election.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — Results of the 2022 New Zealand territorial authority elections in Northland
Elections for the territorial authorities of New Zealand were held from 16 September until 8 October 2022 as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. 706 local councillors and 66 mayors were elected across 66 of 67 councils. 3 territorial authorities are located within the Northland Region, being the Far North District Council, Whangārei District Council, and Kaipara District Council. 3 mayors and 32 district councillors were elected.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Tasman District Council election
The 2022 Tasman District Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October in the Tasman District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Tasman and 13 district councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Tasman District Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
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2022 — 2022 Upper Hutt City Council election
The 2022 Upper Hutt City Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October in Upper Hutt, New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Upper Hutt and 10 city councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Upper Hutt City Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 New Zealand local elections
The 2022 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2022) were triennial elections that was held from 16 September until 8 October to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies. All 11 of New Zealand's regions and 66 of New Zealand's 67 cities and districts participated in the elections; Tauranga City Council was under crown commission and did not hold elections.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Hutt City Council election
The 2022 Hutt City Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October in Lower Hutt, New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Lower Hutt and 12 city councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Hutt City Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Auckland Council election
The 2022 Auckland Council election was a local election held from September to 8 October in the Auckland Region of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Auckland, 20 councillors, 149 local board members (across 21 local boards), and 35 licensing trustees (across 5 licensing trusts) for the 2022–2025 term. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Hastings District Council election
The 2022 Hastings District Council election was a local election held from 15 September to 8 October in the Hastings District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Hastings and 15 district councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Hastings District Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Hamilton, New Zealand, mayoral election
The 2022 Hamilton mayoral election was a local election held from 16 September to 8 October in Hamilton, New Zealand, as part of that year's city council election and nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Hamilton for the 2022–2025 term of the Hamilton City Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote and postal voting was used (the latter for the first time).
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Porirua City Council election
The 2022 Porirua City Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October in Porirua, New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Porirua and 10 city councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Porirua City Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Gisborne District Council election
The 2022 Gisborne District Council election was a local election held from 16 September to 8 October in the Gisborne District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected thirteen district councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Gisborne District Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — Voting closes in Christchurch’s local elections
On October 8, 2022, at noon, voting closed in Christchurch’s local elections in New Zealand.
This was the final deadline for returning voting papers.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-21
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2022 — 2022 Nelson City Council election closes
Postal voting in the 2022 Nelson City Council election ran from 16 September to 8 October. Voters elected the mayor and 12 councillors using the single transferable vote system.
This entry uses the closing day, 8 October 2022.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-01
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2022 — 2022 Wellington City Council election
The 2022 Wellington City Council election was a local election held from 16 September to 11 October in Wellington, New Zealand, as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Wellington, 15 city councillors, and other local representatives for the 2022–2025 term of the Wellington City Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Kāpiti Coast District Council election
The 2022 Kāpiti Coast District Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October in the Kāpiti Coast District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Kāpiti Coast, 10 district councillors, and other local representatives for the 2022–2025 term of the Kāpiti Coast District Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Masterton District Council election
The 2022 Masterton District Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October 2022 in the Masterton District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Masterton and 8 district councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Masterton District Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used for the election.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2022 — 2022 Carterton District Council election
The 2022 Carterton District Council election was a local election held from 16 September until 8 October in the Carterton District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Carterton and 8 district councillors for the 2022–2025 term of the Carterton District Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.
New Zealand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2023 — 2023 Patras municipal election
2023 Patras Municipal election was held on 8 October 2023 to elect the mayor of Patras as a part of the 2023 Greek Local elections. It moved to a second round run-off that took place a week later, on 15 October, between incumbent Kostas Peletidis backed by KKE and New Democracy supporter Kostantinos Svolis with no party support.
Greece · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2023 — 2023 Thessaloniki municipal election
The 2023 Thessaloniki Municipal election was held on 8 October 2023 to elect the mayor of Thessaloniki and its city council, as part of the 2023 Greek Local elections. It moved to a second round run-off that took place a week later, on 15 October, between incumbent Konstantinos Zervas backed by ND and Independent candidate Stelios Angeloudis.
Greece · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2023 — 2023 Bavarian state election
The 2023 Bavarian state election was held on 8 October 2023 to elect the members of the 19th Landtag of Bavaria. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) and the Free Voters of Bavaria (FW) led by Minister-President of Bavaria Markus Söder. The 2023 Hessian state election was held on same day.
Bavaria, Germany · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2023 — 2023 Crete regional election
The 2023 Cretan regional election took place on 8 October 2023, simultaneously with the rest of Greece. The election was for all 45 elected seats of the Regional Council of Crete as well as the Regional Governor. This was the fourth Cretan regional election and the incumbent Governor (Stavros Arnaoutakis, PASOK) ran for a fourth consecutive term.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2023 — 2023 Georgia's Rome Tennis Open 2
The 2023 Georgia's Rome Tennis Open 2 is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was primarily organised due to the cancellation of Henderson Tennis Open which was held in Las Vegas. Tournament which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Rome, Georgia, United States between 2 and 8 October 2023.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2023 — 2023 Hessian state election
The 2023 Hessian state elections was held on Sunday October 8, to elect the 21st Landtag of Hesse. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Christian Democratic Union and The Greens, led by Minister-President Boris Rhein of the CDU. The 2023 Bavarian state election was held the same day. The result was a clear victory for the CDU, which took almost 35% of the vote on a swing of 7.6 percentage points.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2023 — The fight for Sderot police station ends
On the morning of October 8, 2023, the fight for Sderot’s police station ended after Israeli forces demolished the building and searched the area.
The police station had been attacked the previous day.
Israel · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-21
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2023 — 2023 Vancouver International Film Festival
The 2023 Vancouver International Film Festival, the 42nd event in the history of the Vancouver International Film Festival, was held from September 28 to October 8, 2023.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Canada · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-10-18
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2023 — 2023 Athens municipal election
The 2023 Athens Municipal election was held on 8 October and 15 October 2023 to elect the mayor of Athens as a part of the 2023 Greek Local elections. The first round was inconclusive, and a second round run-off took place a week later, between the two candidates having the most votes, the incumbent Kostas Bakoyannis from conservative New Democracy (ND) party and Haris Doukas from social democratic PASOK party.
This entry records the first round, as dated in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2024 — 2024 Alliance Party of Northern Ireland deputy leadership election
The 2024 Alliance Party of Northern Ireland deputy leadership election was held on 8 October 2024 following the resignation of Stephen Farry as Deputy leader of the Alliance Party. Farry had been in the role in the party since 2016. The party's finance spokesperson, Eóin Tennyson, was elected to succeed him. Alliance MLAs Kate Nicholl and Eóin Tennyson went head-to-head to be the party’s next deputy leader.
Location not yet verified · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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