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Battle of Tzirallum

The Battle of Tzirallum was part of the civil wars of the Tetrarchy fought on 30 April 313 between the Roman armies of emperors Licinius and Maximinus. The battle location was on the "Campus Serenus" at Tzirallum, identified as the modern-day town of Çorlu, in Tekirdağ Province, in the Turkish region of Eastern Thrace. Sources put the battle between 18 and 36 Roman miles from Heraclea Perinthus, the modern-day town of Marmara Ereğlisi.

Turkey

Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration. He is named admiral of the ocean sea, viceroy and governor of any territory he discovers

Christopher Columbus (; between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish transatlantic voyages in the name of the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America.

Cleanse the Causeway

The skirmish known as Cleanse the Causeway, or Clear the Causeway, took place in the High Street of Edinburgh, Scotland, on 30 April 1520, between rival noblemen James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran, chief of Clan Hamilton, and Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, chief of Clan Douglas.

United Kingdom

Battle of the Sesia (1524)

The Battle of the Sesia or Battle of the Sesia River, took place near the Sesia River (Latin: Sesites or Sessite), situated in north-western Italy, Lombardy, on 30 April 1524, where the Imperial–Spanish forces commanded by Don Carlos de Lannoy, inflicted a decisive defeat to the French forces under the Admiral Guillaume Gouffier, Lord of Bonnivet and Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St.

Lombardy, Italy

Battle of Mataquito

The Battle of Mataquito was fought in the Arauco War on April 30, 1557, between the forces of the Spanish governor, Francisco de Villagra, and Mapuche headed by their toqui Lautaro. It was a surprise attack, carried out at dawn, on Lautaro's fortified camp between a wooded mountain and the shore of the Mataquito River.

Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch

The siege of 's-Hertogenbosch also known as the siege of Bois-Le-Duc was an action in 1629, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War in which a Dutch army captured the city of 's-Hertogenbosch. The city had been loyal to the King of Spain since 1579 and was part of the Spanish Netherlands.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Siege of Schenkenschans

The siege of Schenkenschans (30 July 1635 – 30 April 1636) was a major siege of the Eighty Years' War. In a successful campaign the Army of Flanders, commanded by Spanish general Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, captured Schenkenschans along with a number of important towns, reversing recent Dutch gains and opening the Dutch Republic to a possible invasion.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Battle of Fehmarn (1659)

The battle of Fehmarn (Swedish: Sjöslaget vid Femern; Danish: Slaget ved Rødsand; Dutch: Zeeslag bij Fehmarn), also known as the battle of Rödsund, occurred on 30 April 1659 during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–1660. It was fought in the Fehmarn Belt between a Swedish fleet under Klas Hansson Bjelkenstjerna and a Dano-Dutch fleet under Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam. The battle ended inconclusively.

Battle of Billot tower

The battle of Billot tower took place in 1703, during the war of the Camisards, when Huguenot rebels led by Jean Cavalier were ambushed in Bagard by Royalist troops.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Kletsk (1706)

The Battle of Kletsk took place on 30 April 1706 (Gregorian calendar), in- and outside the city of Kletsk, Belarus during Charles XII's Polish campaign of 1701–1706, in the Great Northern War. The Swedish forces were led by Carl Gustaf Creutz who defeated a bigger Russian–Cossack force under the command of Semjon Nepljujev and Danylo Apostol.

Klyetsk, Belarus

First inauguration of George Washington

The first inauguration of George Washington as the first president of the United States was held on Thursday, April 30, 1789, on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City. The inauguration was held nearly two months after the beginning of the first four-year term of George Washington as president. Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston administered the presidential oath of office.

New York City, United States

Accession of George Washington

George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. He is commonly known as the Father of His Country for his role in bringing about American independence.

Battle of Quiévrain (1792)

The Battle of Quiévrain was a pair of skirmishes between the Habsburg monarchy and the Kingdom of France in late April 1792 during the War of the First Coalition. On 28 April, there was a minor skirmish at Quiévrain, just across the Franco-Belgian border, resulting in a victory for the French army under the command of general Armand-Louis de Gontaut Biron.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Belgium

Siege of Landrecies (1794)

The siege of Landrecies (17–30 April 1794) was a military operation during the Spring 1794 campaign in the Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition. It was conducted by the veldleger (mobile army) of the Dutch States Army, commanded by the Hereditary Prince of Orange, assisted by auxiliary forces from the Habsburg Austrian army, against the fortress of Landrecies, garrisoned by troops of the First French Republic under general Henri Victor Roulland.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Battle of Caldiero (1809)

In the Battle of Caldiero or Battle of Soave or Battle of Castelcerino from 27 to 30 April 1809, an Austrian army led by Archduke John of Austria defended against a Franco-Italian army headed by Eugène de Beauharnais, the Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy. The outnumbered Austrians successfully fended off the attacks of their enemies in actions at San Bonifacio, Soave, and Castelcerino before retreating to the east.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

Battle of the Cherek River

The Battle of the Cherek River was a significant engagement during the Russo-Circassian War, taking place on April 30, 1810, near the Cherek River in Kabarda and Balkaria, regions in the North Caucasus. The battle pitted Russian imperial forces under General S. A. Bulgakov against a coalition of Kabardian and Balkar fighters resisting Russian encroachment on their lands.

Battle of El Veladero

The Battle of El Veladero was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred from 1810 through 30 April 1811 at El Veladero, Acapulco de Juárez. The battle was fought between royalist forces, loyal to the Spanish crown, commanded by Juan Antonio Fuentes, and Mexican rebels, commanded by José María Morelos and Rafael Valdovinos, fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire. The rebels won.

Mexico

1816–17 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1816–17 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 30, 1816, and August 14, 1817. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 15th United States Congress convened on December 1, 1817. The size of the House increased to 184 after Indiana and Mississippi achieved statehood.

United States

Battle of Jamrud

The Battle of Jamrud was fought between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Sikh Empire on 30 April 1837. The Sikhs were building up towards crossing the Khyber pass in order to invade Jalalabad. This led Afghan forces to confront the Sikh forces at Jamrud. The death of Sikh General Hari Singh Nalwa limited the Khyber pass as the western extent of the Sikh Empire. The battle resulted in a victory for the Sikh forces.By the time Sikh reinforcements had arrived,The garrison army was able to hold the Afghans.After the battle, Amir Dost Muhammad took up the title of "Commander of the Faithful."

Khyber District, Pakistan

Skirmish of Pastrengo (1848)

The Skirmish of Pastrengo, also known as Battle of Pastrengo or Charge of Pastrengo, was fought between the Piedmontese and Austrian army on 30 April 1848, in the course of the First Italian War of Independence. The engagement is mostly remembered for the cavalry charge of the Carabinieri, depicted in numerous Italian artworks.

Charles Dickens publishes the first edition of his literary magazine, All the Year Round, containing the first installment of his best-selling classic, A Tale of Two Cities

Charles John Huffam Dickens ( ; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and journalist. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius.

Battle of Camarón

The Battle of Camarón (French: Bataille de Camerone) which occurred over ten hours on 30 April 1863 between the French Foreign Legion and the Mexican army, is regarded as a defining moment in the Foreign Legion's history. A small infantry patrol, led by Captain Jean Danjou and Lieutenants Clément Maudet and Jean Vilain, numbering just 65 men was attacked and besieged by a force that may have eventually reached 3,000 Mexican infantry and cavalry, and was forced to make a defensive stand at the nearby Hacienda Camarón, in Camarón de Tejeda, Veracruz, Mexico.

Camarón de Tejeda, Mexico · Veracruz, Mexico

Battle of Day's Gap

The Battle of Day's Gap, fought on April 30, 1863, was the first in a series of American Civil War skirmishes in Cullman County, Alabama, that lasted until May 2, known as Streight's Raid. Commanding the Union forces was Col. Abel Streight; Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest led the Confederate forces.

Alabama, United States

Battle of Jenkins' Ferry

The Battle of Jenkins' Ferry (April 30, 1864) was fought in present-day Grant County, Arkansas, during the American Civil War. It was the climactic battle of the Camden Expedition, part of the Red River Campaign. As a result of the battle, United States forces were able to complete a successful retreat from a precarious position at Camden to their defenses at Little Rock.

Arkansas, United States

American Civil War: Confederate forces led by General E. Kirby Smith attack federal troops retreating across the Saline at Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by Southern states that had seceded from the Union to preserve slavery in the United States.

Camp Grant massacre

The Camp Grant massacre, on April 30, 1871, was an attack on Pinal and Aravaipa Apaches who surrendered to the United States Army at Camp Grant, Arizona, along the San Pedro River. The massacre led to a series of battles and campaigns fought between the Americans, the Apache, and their Yavapai allies, which continued into 1875, the most notable being General George Crook's Tonto Basin Campaign of 1872 and 1873.

Arizona, United States

Lushai Rising

The Lushai Rising was the conflict between the British and the Lushai chiefs in 1890-1895, which began following the annexation of the Lushai Hills after the Chin-Lushai Expedition. It concerned the Western chiefs, the Eastern chief and Southern chiefs separately at different intervals. By 1895, the Lushai resistance and rising was considered over.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

1899 Spanish general election

A general election was held in Spain on 16 April 1899 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 30 April 1899 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 9th Cortes under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 401 seats in the Congress of Deputies—plus one special district—were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.

This entry records the senate, as dated in the source infobox.

Spain

Territory of Hawaii

The Territory of Hawaii or Hawaii Territory (Hawaiian: Panalāʻau o Hawaiʻi) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 30, 1900, until August 21, 1959, when most of its territory was admitted to the United States as the 50th US state, the State of Hawaii. The Hawaii Admission Act specified that the State of Hawaii would not include Palmyra Island, the Midway Islands, Kingman Reef, Johnston Atoll and Sand Island.

In early 1900, Congress passed an Act To provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii, which was signed into law by President William McKinley on April 30, 1900.

Battles for Vuksan and Matejče

The Battles of Vuksan and Matejče were a series of clashes that occurred on 30 April 1905 between Serbian Chetnik forces and the Ottoman army. While moving towards Matejče, Kosta Pećanac's company was ambushed and surrounded an Ottoman army, which was equipped with mountain artillery. The fight lasted until deep into the night, when the Chetniks broke through the encirclement without casualties.

North Macedonia

1909 Tasmanian state election

The 1909 Tasmanian state election was held on Friday, 30 April 1909 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. This was the first general election in the British Empire to elect all members through a form of proportional representation, the single transferable vote.

1912 Tasmanian state election

The 1912 Tasmanian state election was held on Tuesday, 30 April 1912 in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system — six members were elected from each of five electorates. Elliott Lewis was elected as an Anti-Socialist at the 1909 election, and was Premier of Tasmania from 27 October 1909.

1913 Invercargill mayoral election

The 1913 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 30 April 1913 as part of that year's local elections. Former mayor Duncan McFarlane was elected again. His opponent, Andrew Bain, improved on his performance from the previous election but was still unsuccessful.

1913 Auckland City mayoral election

The 1913 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1913, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including eighteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

New Zealand

1913 Wellington mayoral election

The 1913 Wellington mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1913, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. David McLaren, the incumbent Mayor, was defeated by John Luke by a relatively narrow margin, becoming the new Mayor of Wellington. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

New Zealand

Gas attacks at Wulverghem

(Main article: Chemical weapons in World War I) The Gas attacks at Wulverghem in the municipality of Heuvelland were two German cloud gas attacks during World War I on British troops near Ypres in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The first gas discharge took place on 30 April 1916 and was followed by another attack on 17 June. The gas attacks at Wulverghem were part of the sporadic fighting, which took place between battles in the Ypres Salient on the Western Front. The British Second Army held the ground from Messines Ridge north to Steenstraat.

West Flanders, Belgium

1917 Auckland City mayoral election

The 1917 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1917, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method. Incumbent mayor James Gunson was declared re-elected unopposed, with no other candidates emerging.

New Zealand

1918 Ukrainian coup d'état

The 1918 Ukrainian coup d'état or Hetman Coup (Ukrainian: Гетьманський переворот, romanized: Hetmanskyi perevorot) was a military coup d'état within the Ukrainian People's Republic on 29 April 1918. That day, farmers and landowners loyal to the Ukrainian lieutenant general Pavlo Skoropadskyi, with the support of the German Empire, launched a coup d'état against the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic, removing the Central Rada and installing Skoropadskyi as hetman.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ukraine

1919 Invercargill mayoral election

The 1919 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 30 April 1919 as part of that year's local elections. Incumbent mayor John Stead was re-elected with a reduced majority.

1919 Auckland City mayoral election

The 1919 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1919, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method. Incumbent mayor James Gunson was declared re-elected unopposed, with no other candidates emerging.

New Zealand

1919 Wellington mayoral election

The 1919 Wellington mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1919, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The incumbent Mayor John Luke retained office for a fourth consecutive term. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

New Zealand

The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States

The Federal Prison Camp, Alderson (FPC Alderson) is a minimum-security United States federal prison for female inmates in West Virginia. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. FPC Alderson is in two West Virginia counties, near the town of Alderson. A portion of the prison is in unincorporated Monroe County, while the other portion of the prison, including the dormitories, is in unincorporated Summers County.

Escobar Rebellion

The Escobar Rebellion was a conflict in northern Mexico in 1929 during the Maximato, between the government forces of President Emilio Portes Gil and rebel forces under the command of General José Gonzalo Escobar. After some initial success in taking over several key cities in the northern half of the country, the Escobar rebels were decisively defeated in a major battle at Jiménez, Chihuahua, and were eventually swept aside by the advancing government forces under the command of General Calles.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico · United States

Philippine women's suffrage plebiscite, 1937

The issue concerning women's suffrage in the Philippines was settled in a special plebiscite held on April 30, 1937. Ninety percent of voters were in favor of the measure. In compliance with the 1935 Constitution, the National Assembly passed a law which extended the right of suffrage to women, a right which still remains. As mandated by Commonwealth Act No. 34, women who meets the same qualification for men voted in the plebiscite. 86 percent of those who registered for the plebiscite made a vote. Those who registered comprises 29 percent of women voters eligible for the plebiscite.

Philippines

1937 Japanese general election

General elections were held in Japan on 30 April 1937 to elect the 466 members of the House of Representatives, after the dissolution of Parliament on 31 March. Rikken Minseitō emerged as the largest party in Parliament, with 179 of the 466 seats. The election was a major success for Shakai Taishūtō, which became the third-largest party in the Diet, the first socialist party to do so in Japanese history.

Japan

1938 FA Cup final

The 1938 FA Cup final was contested by Preston North End and Huddersfield Town at Wembley Stadium. Preston, losing finalists the previous year, won by a single goal. This was their second win in the competition.

United Kingdom

The 1939–40 New York World's Fair opens

The 1939 New York World's Fair (also known as the 1939–1940 New York World's Fair) was an international exposition held at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City, United States. The fair featured exhibitions, activities, performances, films, artworks, and food presented by 62 nations, 35 U.S. states and territories, and more than 1,400 organizations and companies. Slightly over 45 million people attended across two seasons.

Japanese general election, 1942

The 21st General Election of Japan of the House of Representatives took place in Japan on April 30, 1942. It was the only election in Japan during the Pacific theater of World War II. At this time, the lower house no longer had any significant executive and legislative power, and power had increasingly gone to the military since the "Manchurian Incident", the invasion of Manchuria by the Imperial Army without regard to the (then still civilian) cabinet in 1931. Since 1932 when Admiral Viscount Saitō Makoto was appointed prime minister with the first so-called "national unity cabinet", few members of the political parties in the House of Representatives had any significant role in government.

Japan

World War II: Soviet soldiers raise the first Soviet flag over the Reichstag. The Victory Banner will be raised the next day

Raising a Flag over the Reichstag (Russian: Знамя Победы над Рейхстагом, romanized: Znamya Pobedy nad Reykhstagom) is a World War II photograph that symbolizes the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany during the Battle in Berlin. Taken on 2 May 1945, it shows two Soviet soldiers planting a Soviet flag atop the Reichstag building, which was home to the Nazi pseudo-parliament.

Operation Hametz

Operation Hametz (Hebrew: מבצע חמץ, Mivtza Hametz; 25–30 April 1948) was an operation to conquer Jaffa and towns around it conducted by the Irgun and the Haganah shortly before the termination of the British Mandate for Palestine, in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

In Bogotá, Colombia, the Organization of American States is established

The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; Spanish: Organización de los Estados Americanos; Portuguese: Organização dos Estados Americanos; French: Organisation des États américains) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, the OAS is a voluntary "multilateral regional body focused on human rights, electoral oversight, social and economic development, and security in the Western Hemisphere", according to the Council on Foreign Relations.

1949 Brisbane City Council election

The 1949 Brisbane City Council election was held on 30 April 1949 to elect a lord mayor and 20 aldermen to the Brisbane City Council. The Citizens' Municipal Organisation (CMO) was returned to power, winning a majority of wards. In the lord mayoral election, J. B. Chandler was re-elected with an increased majority, defeating Labor candidate Felix Dittmer and Communist candidate Max Julius.

Brisbane, Australia

1949 FA Cup final

The 1949 FA Cup final was the 68th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 30 April 1949 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Leicester City. Wolves had finished sixth in the First Division that season and had several England internationals among their ranks, while Leicester had narrowly avoided relegation from the Second Division and were making their first Wembley appearance.

1951 Hokkaido gubernatorial election

A gubernatorial election was held on 30 April 1951 to elect the Governor of Hokkaido Prefecture.

Hokkaido, Japan

1951 Saga gubernatorial election

A gubernatorial election was held on 30 April 1951 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Incumbent Gen'ichi Okimori lost the election to Naotsugu Nabeshima, who subsequently became his successor.

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the full title of which is the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, is a 1956 United Nations treaty which builds upon the 1926 Slavery Convention, which is still operative and which proposed to secure the abolition of slavery and of the slave trade, and the Forced Labour Convention of 1930, which banned forced or compulsory labour, by banning debt bondage, serfdom, child marriage, servile marriage, and child servitude.

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery enters into force.

1959 Cannes Film Festival

The 12th Cannes Film Festival took place from 30 April to 15 May 1959. French writer Marcel Achard served as Jury President for the main competition. The Palme d'Or went to the Black Orpheus by Marcel Camus. In 1959, the Marché du Film (lit. Film Market) was established as the business counterpart of the Cannes Film Festival, with the aim of helping meet the needs of film industry professionals.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Haitian parliamentary election, 1961

Parliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 30 April 1961. The National Unity Party of President François Duvalier won all 67 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

Haiti

1961 Haitian presidential referendum

A presidential referendum was held in Haiti on 30 April 1961 alongside parliamentary elections. Voters were asked whether President François Duvalier should remain in office for a further six years. The official count was 1,320,748 votes in favor of Duvalier and none against. The New York Times wrote that "Latin America has witnessed many fraudulent elections throughout its history but none has been more outrageous than the one which has just taken place in Haiti."

Haiti

Salvadoran presidential election, 1962

Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 30 April 1962. Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo of the Party of National Conciliation was the sole candidate and was elected unopposed.

El Salvador

Operation Sunrise (Vietnam War)

Operation Sunrise was the first phase of a long-range South Vietnamese counter-offensive against the Việt Cộng (VC) during the Vietnam War. Launched with the United States in March 1962, the goal of the operation was to "clear the VC from an area 40 miles northwest of Saigon" according to contemporary U.S. government documents.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Democratic Republic of the Congo general election, 1965

General elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 18 March and 30 April 1965, following the promulgation of a new constitution approved by a referendum the previous year. 223 political parties contested the election for 167 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The elections were won by parties allied with the Congolese National Convention, led by former secessionist leader Moise Tshombe, which won a total of 80 seats. Following the elections, the results were disputed by several parties. The Léopoldville Court of Appeal accepted six of them, and re-runs were required in Kivu Central, Goma-Rutshuru, Cuvette Centrale, Fizi, Kwilu and Maniema, which were held between 8 and 22 August 1965.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

1968 Australian Labor Party leadership spill

A leadership spill in the Australian Labor Party, the party of opposition in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 30 April 1968. It followed leader Gough Whitlam's decision to resign the leadership following the party executives refusal to seat new Tasmanian delegate Brian Harradine, to which Whitlam demanded a vote of confidence from his caucus. Whitlam received 38 votes to left-winger Jim Cairns' 32 in an unexpectedly close poll.

Australia

1969 Bulgarian Cup final

The 1969 Bulgarian Cup final was the 29th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia on 30 April 1969 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 2–1.

Campaign 74B

Campaign 74B (2 February–30 April 1971) was a major combined arms offensive by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) during the Laotian Civil War. The Communist offensive, if successful, would knock the last remaining fighting troops of the Kingdom of Laos out of the war, ensuring the Vietnamese conquest of Laos.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Laos

Lebanese general election, 1972

General elections were held in Lebanon between 16 and 30 April 1972. Independent candidates won the majority of seats, although most of them were considered members of various blocs. Voter turnout was 54.4%.

Lebanon

Fall of Saigon

The Fall of Saigon, or the Liberation of Saigon, depending on context, was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (also known as the Việt Cộng) on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period to the formal reunification of Vietnam under the Socialist Republic.

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

American forces completed a helicopter evacuation of U.S. citizens, South Vietnamese civilians and others from Saigon, just before North Vietnamese troops captured the city and ended the Vietnam War

Operation Frequent Wind was the final phase in the evacuation of American civilians and "at-risk" Vietnamese from Saigon, South Vietnam, before the takeover of the city by the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in the Fall of Saigon. It was carried out on 29–30 April 1975, during the last days of the Vietnam War. More than 7,000 people were evacuated by helicopter from various points in Saigon.

1976 Bogra mutiny

The 1976 Bogra mutiny was a rebellion on 30 April 1976 of Bangladesh Army soldiers stationed in Bogra Cantonment.

Bangladesh

Pahiatua by-election, 1977

The Pahiatua by-election of 1977 was a by-election for the electorate of Pahiatua on 30 April 1977 during the 38th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Sir Keith Holyoake when he was appointed Governor-General. The by-election was won by John Falloon, also of the National Party.

New Zealand

1978 WFA Cup final

The 1978 WFA Cup Final was the eighth final of the FA Women's Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. It was the eight final to be held under the direct control of Women's Football Association (WFA). Southampton and Queen's Park Rangers contested the match at Wexham Park Stadium, the home of Slough Town on 30 April 1978. The match ended 8–2 in favour of Southampton.

1979 eruption of Mount Marapi

On 30 April 1979, Mount Marapi, a complex volcano on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and the most active complex volcano in West Sumatra province, erupted, killing between 80 and 100 people. Due to its proximity to populated areas, the volcano is recognised as a significant hazard.

Iranian Embassy siege

The Iranian Embassy siege took place from 30 April to 5 May 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy on Prince's Gate in South Kensington, London. The gunmen, Iranian Arabs campaigning for the sovereignty of the Khuzestan Province of Iran, took 26 people hostage, including embassy staff, several visitors, and a police officer who had been guarding the embassy.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

United Kingdom

Accession of Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːjaːtrɪks ˌʋɪlɦɛlˈminaː ˈʔɑr(ə)mɡɑrt] ; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication in 2013. Beatrix was born during the reign of her maternal grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina, and became heiress presumptive upon the accession of her mother, Queen Juliana, in 1948.

Bijon Setu massacre

Bijon Setu massacre (Bengali: বিজন সেতু হত্যাকান্ড) refers to the killing and burning of 16 monks and a nun belonging to Ananda Marga at Bijon Setu, near Ballygunge, Calcutta in West Bengal, India on April 30, 1982. Despite the attacks being carried out in broad daylight, no arrests were ever made. After repeated calls for a formal judicial investigation, a single-member judicial commission was set up to investigate the killings in 2012.

India

1986 Coupe de France final

The 1986 Coupe de France final was a football match held at Parc des Princes, Paris on April 30, 1986, that saw FC Girondins de Bordeaux defeat Olympique de Marseille 2–1 thanks to goals by Jean Tigana and Alain Giresse.

Paris, France

30 April 1987 Saint Lucian general election

Snap general elections were held in Saint Lucia on 30 April 1987, after elections earlier in the month had resulted in only a single-seat majority for the United Workers Party (UWP). Despite the former increasing their share of the vote from 52.5% to 53.2%, the number of seats held by the UWP and the Saint Lucia Labour Party remained the same. Voter turnout was 64.7%.

Saint Lucia

Monkseaton shootings

The Monkseaton shootings occurred on 30 April 1989 in Monkseaton, Tyne & Wear, England, when Robert Sartin killed one man and left 16 other people injured during a 20-minute shooting spree.

England, United Kingdom

1989 Full Members' Cup final

The 1989 Full Members' Cup final was the fourth Full Members' Cup final, contested by Everton and Nottingham Forest at Wembley Stadium on 30 April 1989.

1991 Albanian presidential election

The 1991 Albanian presidential election marked the second presidential election held on 30 April 1991 in Albania. The transition from the communist regime to a multi-party democracy culminated in the 1991 parliamentary elections, following the death of Enver Hoxha and growing discontent under his successor, Ramiz Alia.

Albania

Triplemanía I

Triplemanía I (Referred to as just "Triplemanía" the first year) was the first ever Triplemanía lucha libre, or professional wrestling show promoted by Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). The show took place on April 30, 1993 in Mexico City, Mexico's Plaza de Toros bullfighting arena. The Main event featured a "Retirement" match between Konnan and Cien Caras, where the storyline was that the person that lost would have to retire from professional wrestling. The match was billed as the first time such a stipulation had ever been used in Lucha Libre, while it was rare, retirement matches had happened in Mexico before that time.

Mexico City, Mexico

K-1 Grand Prix '93

K-1 Grand Prix '93 was a martial arts event held by the K-1 organization on April 30, 1993 at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan. It was the inaugural K-1 World Grand Prix, featuring an eight-man tournament fought under K-1 rules (3 min. × 3 rounds + 1 extra round). The eight tournament qualifiers were all invited on the basis of their achievements in the kickboxing world (for more information on this see the bulleted list below). As well as tournament matches there was also a full contact karate bout between Andy Hug and Nobuaki Kakuda.

Tokyo, Japan

1994 Cupa României final

The 1994 Cupa României final was the 56th final of Romania's most prestigious cup competition. The final was played at the Stadionul Regie in Bucharest on 30 April 1994 and was contested between Divizia A sides Gloria Bistriţa and Universitatea Craiova. The cup was won by Gloria Bistriţa.

San Marino Grand Prix

The San Marino Grand Prix (Italian: Gran Premio di San Marino) was a Formula One championship race which was run at the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari in the town of Imola, near the Apennine mountains in Italy, between 1981 and 2006. Despite the Imola Circuit being in Italy, the race was named after nearby state of San Marino as there already was an Italian Grand Prix held at Monza.

Formula One racing driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a crash during the qualifying session of the San Marino Grand Prix run at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari outside Imola, Italy.

1995 FA Women's Cup final

The 1995 FA Women's Cup Final was the 26th final of the FA Women's Cup, England's primary cup competition for women's football teams. It was the 26th final to be held under the direct control of the Football Association (FA). The final was contested between Liverpool and Arsenal on 30 April 1995 at Prenton Park, the home stadium of Tranmere Rovers. Arsenal defeated Liverpool 3–2.

FMW 9th Anniversary Show

FMW 9th Anniversary Show: Entertainment Wrestling Live was the first professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). The event took place on April 30, 1998, at the Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium in Yokohama, Japan. This was the first FMW event to be broadcast on pay-per-view via DirecTV. The event commemorated the ninth anniversary of FMW and was the first to be broadcast on pay-per-view.

Yokohama, Japan

1999 London nail bombings

The 1999 London nail bombings were a series of bomb explosions in London, England. Over three successive weekends between 17 and 30 April 1999, homemade nail bombs were detonated in Brixton in south London; at Brick Lane, Spitalfields, in the East End; and at the Admiral Duncan pub in Soho in the West End. Each bomb contained up to 1,500 100-millimetre (3.9 in) nails in duffel bags that were left in public spaces.

England, United Kingdom

1999 Comorian coup d'état

The 1999 Comorian coup d'état was a two-day long bloodless military takeover in the Comoros led by Colonel Azali Assoumani from April 29 to April 30, resulting in the overthrow of interim president Tadjidine Ben Said Massonde. The coup was ostensibly carried out to restore order and prevent further attacks on Anjouanese residents in Grande Comore amid the country's secession crisis involving the islands of Anjouan and Mohéli.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Comoros

Backlash (2000)

Backlash (2000) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) promotion. It took place on April 30, 2000, at the MCI Center in Washington, D.C.. It was the second event under the Backlash chronology. Nine professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the event's card. The main event was a singles match for the WWF Championship with Shane McMahon as special guest referee, in which The Rock (aided by Stone Cold Steve Austin) defeated Triple H to win the championship.

Washington, D.C., United States

The New Yorker published an online article and photographs detailing accounts of torture and abuse by American military personnel of Iraqi prisoners held at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad

During the early stages of the Iraq War, members of the United States Army and the Central Intelligence Agency committed a series of human rights violations and war crimes against detainees in Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. These abuses included physical abuse, sexual humiliation, physical and psychological torture, and rape, as well as the killing of Manadel al-Jamadi and the desecration of his body.

Niuean general election, 2005

General elections were held in Niue on 30 April 2005. No political parties ran in the poll, with all candidates standing as independents. Around 830 voters participated in the election and 17 of the 20 incumbent MPs retained their seats. Close results in two constituencies meant that winners were drawn from a hat.

Niue

2005 Coupe de la Ligue final

The 2005 Coupe de la Ligue final was a football match held at Stade de France, Saint-Denis on 30 April 2005, that saw Strasbourg defeat Caen 2–1 thanks to goals by Mamadou Niang and Jean-Christophe Devaux.

Backlash (2006)

Backlash (2006) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on April 30, 2006, at the Rupp Arena in Lexington, Kentucky. It was presented by Topps. It was the eighth event under the Backlash name and featured wrestlers and other talent that performed on the Raw brand. Seven professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the event's card, which saw two main matches. The first main event saw Vince and Shane McMahon defeated Shawn Michaels in a Handicap match, while the second main event was the "Triple Threat match" for the WWE Champion, in which John Cena successfully defended his title by defeating Triple H and Edge.

Lexington, Kentucky, United States

Dalian airport runway incursion

A Xiamen Airlines aircraft entered a runway being used by a departing China Southern Airlines flight at Dalian airport. The departing aircraft aborted its takeoff, avoiding a collision.

China

Sikkim Legislative Assembly election, 2009

The Sikkim Legislative Assembly election of 2009 took place in April 2009, concurrently with the Indian general election, 2009. The elections were held in the state for all 32 legislative assembly seats along with third phase of Indian general elections, 2009 on 30 April 2009. The results were declared 5 May 2009. The Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) further strengthened their majority in the Sikkim Assembly by winning all the seats. Incumbent Chief Minister Pawan Kumar Chamling's Government returned for an unprecedented fourth consecutive term having won previous elections in 1994, 1999 and 2004.

India

2009 attack on the Dutch royal family

On 30 April 2009 in Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, a man drove his car at high speed into a parade which included Queen Beatrix, Crown Prince Willem-Alexander and other members of the Dutch royal family. The attack took place on the Dutch national holiday of Koninginnedag (or Queen's Day). The driver deliberately drove through people lining the street watching the parade, resulting in eight deaths, including the attacker, and ten injuries.

Netherlands

Torneo Gran Alternativa (2010)

The Torneo Gran Alternativa (2010) was a professional wrestling annual tournament produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) and took place over three shows between April 16 and April 30, 2010 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico.

Mexico City, Mexico

George Athor's rebellion

George Athor's rebellion was an uprising in the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (later the independent South Sudan) which lasted from April 2010 to December 2011. Organized by South Sudanese military commander and politician George Athor, the conflict mainly took place in the states of Upper Nile and Jonglei as well as some border areas.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

South Sudan · Sudan

2010 Blace bunker raid

The Macedonian police initiated an operation in late April 2010 to seize guarded weapon caches and bunkers near the village of Blace on the border with Kosovo. Members of the Macedonian special police unit "Tigers" conducted the raid.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Kosovo

Opening of Mercedes-Benz Arena (Shanghai)

The Mercedes-Benz Arena (simplified Chinese: 梅赛德斯-奔驰文化中心; traditional Chinese: 梅賽德斯-奔馳文化中心; pinyin: Méisàidésī-Bēnchí Wénhuà Zhōngxīn; Shanghainese: Me-se-teq-sy-pen-zy Ven-ho Tson-sin, literally "Mercedes-Benz Cultural Center"), formerly known as the Shanghai World Expo Cultural Center, is an indoor arena located on the former grounds of Expo 2010 in Pudong, Shanghai. It is owned and operated by the AEG-OPG joint venture.

UFC 129

UFC 129: St-Pierre vs. Shields was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on Saturday, April 30, 2011 at Rogers Centre in Toronto, Canada.

Toronto, Canada

2011 Greek Football Cup final

The 2011 Greek Cup final was the 67th final of the Greek Cup. The match took place on 30 April 2011 at the Olympic Stadium. The contesting teams were Atromitos and AEK Athens. It was Atromitos' first-ever Greek Cup final in their 88 years of existence and AEK Athens' twentieth Greek Cup final in their 87-year history. The match that was tarnished by serious incidents caused by AEK Athens' fans afterwards.

Assam ferry sinking

On 30 April 2012, a ferry carrying about 350 passengers capsized in the Brahmaputra River in the Dhubri district of Assam in Northeast India. The disaster killed at least 103 people.

India

Willem-Alexander is inaugurated as King of the Netherlands following the abdication of Beatrix

Willem-Alexander (Dutch: [ˈʋɪləm aːlɛkˈsɑndər]; Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born 27 April 1967) is King of the Netherlands, reigning since 30 April 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht during the reign of his maternal grandmother, Queen Juliana, as the eldest child of Princess Beatrix (later Queen) and Prince Claus. He became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mother's accession on 30 April 1980.

April 2014 Ürümqi attack

On 30 April 2014, a knife attack and bombing occurred in the Chinese city of Ürümqi, Xinjiang. The incident, a terrorist attack, left three people dead and seventy-nine others injured. The attack coincided with the conclusion of a visit by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China to the region. At approximately 7:10 pm local time, a pair of assailants attacked passengers with knives and detonated explosives at the city's railway station. Police closed off all entrances to the station in the immediate aftermath of the attack, but it was reopened at 9 PM with increased security.

People's Republic of China

Iraqi parliamentary election, 2014

Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 30 April 2014. The elections decided the 328 members of the Council of Representatives who will in turn elect the Iraqi President and Prime Minister.

Iraq

2014 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh

The 2014 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh were held on 30 April 2014 and 7 May 2014. In Andhra Pradesh there are 25 Lok sabha constituencies and were scheduled to go for voting on 7 May 2014 and results are announced on 16 May 2014, and the new state of Telangana was carved out from Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014.

India

2014 Kurdistan Region governorate elections

The Kurdistan Region Governorate elections were held on 30 April 2014. The elections for the three Kurdish governorates coincided with the elections for Iraqi parliament.

2015 Dhaka South City Corporation election

The 2015 Dhaka South City Corporation election was a local government election held in Dhaka, on 30 April 2015 to elect the Mayor of South Dhaka and the City Council. A total of 20 candidates contested the mayoral race. The result was a victory for the Awami League candidate Sayeed Khokon. In the 76 member City Council, the Awami League won 54 seats, while the BNP won 8 seats, and the remaining seats were won by others.

Bangladesh

2015 Dhaka North City Corporation election

The 2015 Dhaka North City Corporation election was a local government election in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh, held on 30 April 2015 to elect the Mayor of North Dhaka and the Dhaka North City Council. A total of 16 candidates participated in the election. The election resulted in a victory for the Awami League candidate Annisul Huq.

Bangladesh

2015 Chattogram City Corporation election

The 2015 Chattogram City Corporation election was a local government election in the city of Chattogram, Bangladesh, held on 30 April 2015 to elect the mayor of Chittagong and the city council. A total of 12 candidates contested the mayoral race. The election resulted in a victory for the Awami League candidate A J M Nasir Uddin.

Bangladesh

Payback (2017)

The 2017 Payback was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE, held primarily for wrestlers from the promotion's main roster brand, Raw. It was the fifth annual Payback and took place on April 30, 2017, at the SAP Center in San Jose, California. The concept of the event was based around wrestlers seeking payback against their opponents.

California, United States

2017 KNVB Cup final

The 2017 KNVB Cup final was a football match between Vitesse and AZ on 30 April 2017 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It was the final match of the 2016–17 KNVB Cup competition and the 99th Dutch Cup Final. Vitesse beat AZ 2–0 to secure their first KNVB Cup trophy and win even their first silverware in their 125-year history.

2017 Democratic Party (Italy) leadership election

The 2017 Democratic Party leadership election was an open primary election held on 30 April 2017. The three candidates were Matteo Renzi, former Prime Minister and party secretary until February 2017, Michele Emiliano, President of Apulia, and Andrea Orlando, the Minister of Justice. Renzi was elected by a landslide 70%, and appointed Maurizio Martina as his deputy secretary.

United Arab Emirates occupation of Socotra

On 30 April 2018, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) deployed more than a hundred troops with artillery and armored vehicles to the Yemeni archipelago of Socotra in the Guardafui Channel without prior coordination with the Yemeni government, causing the relations of the two countries to deteriorate. The initial deployment consisted of UAE military aircraft carrying more than fifty UAE soldiers and two armored vehicles, followed by two more aircraft carrying more soldiers, tanks and other armored vehicles.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Yemen

The Heisei era ended on 30 April 2019 (Heisei 31), with the abdication of Akihito from the Chrysanthemum Throne

The Heisei era (平成; Japanese: [heːseː] ) was the period of Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Akihito from 8 January 1989 until his abdication on 30 April 2019. The Heisei era started on 8 January 1989, the day after the death of the Emperor Hirohito, when his elder son, Akihito, acceded to the throne as the 125th Emperor of Japan.

2021 Telangana local elections

Local elections were held in the Indian state of Telangana on 30 April 2021 for 2 municipal corporations and 5 municipalities, namely Warangal, Khammam, Jadcherla, Achampet, Siddipet, Kothur, and Nakrekal. The first elections were held in newly created municipalities Jadcherla, Kothur, and Nakrekal.

India

NWA PowerrrTrip 2

NWA PowerrrTrip 2, part of the NWA Pop-Up Event series and second in the PowerrrTrip chronology, was a professional wrestling supercard produced by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) in conjunction with Tried-N-True Pro Wrestling. The event took place on April 30, 2022 at the Valor Hall in Oak Grove, Kentucky. The event was a taping for NWA Power and NWA USA on FITE TV and YouTube.

Kentucky, United States

UFC on ESPN: Font vs. Vera

UFC on ESPN: Font vs. Vera (also known as UFC on ESPN 35 and UFC Vegas 53) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on April 30, 2022, at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Nevada, United States

2023 A-League Women grand final

The 2023 A-League Women grand final was the 14th A-League Women Grand Final, the championship-deciding match of the Australian A-League Women, and the culmination of the 2022–23 season. The match was played between Western United and Sydney FC on 30 April 2023 at CommBank Stadium in Sydney. The match was Western United's first A-League Women Grand Final in their inaugural season, and the ninth for Sydney FC, as well as six consecutive appearances in the A-League Women Grand Final.

Sydney, Australia

2023 Paraguayan general election

General elections were held in Paraguay on 30 April 2023 to elect the president, vice president, National Congress, and departmental governors. The incumbent president Mario Abdo Benítez and vice president Hugo Velázquez Moreno, both of the Colorado Party, were ineligible for re-election. The Colorado candidate, former Finance Minister Santiago Peña, defeated both PLRA president Efraín Alegre from the Concertación alliance and former senator Paraguayo Cubas from the populist National Crusade Party.

Paraguay

2023 Belgian Cup final

The 2023 Belgian Cup final, named Croky Cup after the sponsor, was the 68th Belgian Cup final which took place on 30 April 2023. The match was contested by KV Mechelen and Antwerp. Mechelen had qualified for its seventh Belgian Cup Final on 28 February 2023, and already won the tournament twice, first in 1987 and more recently in 2019.

2023 KNVB Cup final

The 2023 KNVB Cup final was a football match between Eredivisie clubs Ajax and PSV, which took place on 30 April 2023 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It is the final match of the 2022–23 KNVB Cup, the 105th season of the annual Dutch national football cup competition. PSV won the match 2–3 on penalties, after a 1–1 draw in regular time and extra time.

Gold Coast Film Festival

The Gold Coast Film Festival (GCFF), formerly Gold Coast Film Fantastic, is an annual Australian film festival, as of 2022 held at the Home of the Arts (HOTA) in Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast, Queensland. Founded in 2002 as a fantasy film festival, GCFF now delivers a program of feature films, short films (SIPFEST), web series, film awards, and special events.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Australia

2023 Gagauz gubernatorial election

The 2023 Gagauz gubernatorial election was held on 30 April and 14 May 2023 on the territory of the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, part of the Republic of Moldova. The position of Governor (Başkan) of Gagauzia represents one of the highest positions in the autonomy, also having the position of a member of the Government of the Republic of Moldova ex officio.

This entry records the first round, as dated in the source infobox.

Spring Breakin' (2024)

The 2024 Spring Breakin' was a professional wrestling television special produced by WWE for its developmental brand NXT. It was the third annual Spring Breakin' for the brand and aired as a two-part special episode of NXT on the USA Network. The event took place on April 23 and April 30, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida.

Florida, United States

2024 New York's 26th congressional district special election

The 2024 New York's 26th congressional district special election was held on April 30, 2024, to fill the vacant seat in New York's 26th congressional district. The seat became vacant after Democratic incumbent Brian Higgins resigned on February 2, 2024, to become president of Shea's Performing Arts Center. The early voting period ran from April 20 to April 28, 2024.