8月20日发生过什么？

Battle of the Yarmuk

The Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk; Arabic: معركة اليرموك) was a major battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate near the Yarmouk River in Byzantine Syria that marked a crucial point in the Muslim conquest of Syria. The result of the battle was a decisive Arab victory that effectively ended Byzantine rule in Syria.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria · Jordan

Battle of Achelous (917)

The Battle of Achelous or Acheloos (Bulgarian: Битката при Ахелой, Greek: Μάχη του Αχελώου), also known as the Battle of Anchialus, took place on 20 August 917, on the Achelous river near the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, close to the fortress Tuthom (modern Pomorie) between Bulgarian and Byzantine forces.

Siege of Lubusz

The siege of Lubusz was a siege part of the German–Polish War that took place from 19 to 20 August 1012. It involved the Duchy of Poland led by Bolesław I the Brave against the Holy Roman Empire led by Henry II. It resulted in a Polish victory.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Battle of Petroe

The Battle of Petroe, also known as the Battle of Hades, was fought on 20 August 1057 between two rival Byzantine armies: the loyalist forces of the Byzantine emperor Michael VI Stratiotikos (r. 1056–1057) under the proedros Theodore, and the supporters of the rebel general Isaac Komnenos.

The first King of Hungary, Stephen I, and his son, Prince Emeric, are canonized, a date now celebrated as a National Day in Hungary

The King of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország királya) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918. The style of title "Apostolic King of Hungary" (Magyarország apostoli királya) was endorsed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all monarchs of Hungary.

Battle of Brémule

The Battle of Brémule was fought on 20 August 1119 between Henry I of England and Louis VI the Fat of France. Henry I had to defend his holdings in Normandy several times and defeated a French invasion at the Battle of Brémule in 1119. The defeat at Brémule effectively crippled the baron's rebellion and led to King Louis having to accept William Adelin as Duke of Normandy. William was officially invested with the duchy in 1120, even though King Louis continued to support William Clito's claim to the honour.

Gaillardbois-Cressenville, France · Normandy, France

Massacre at Ayyadieh

The Massacre of Ayyadieh occurred during the Third Crusade after the fall of Acre when King Richard I had more than two thousand Muslim prisoners of war from the captured city beheaded in front of the Ayyubid armies of sultan Saladin on 20 August 1191, sparing only those deemed fit for slave-labor along with a few notables.

Battle of Heiloo

The Battle of Heiloo (Dutch: Slag bij Heiloo) was a battle during the Friso-Hollandic Wars and the culmination of Count Floris V's first military expedition to West Frisia in 1272. The battle is described in Melis Stoke's Rijmkroniek van Holland and the chronicle of Johannes de Beke. Although the battle was won by Floris' forces, his goal of conquering West Frisia had not been achieved, and the count retreated shortly after.

Battle of Furnes

The Battle of Furnes, also known as Battle of Veurne and Battle of Bulskamp, was fought on 20 August 1297 between French and Flemish forces. The French were led by Robert II of Artois and the Flemish by Guy of Dampierre. The French forces were victorious. However, Robert's son Philip was gravely wounded during the battle and died a year later of his wounds.

Siege of Aiguillon

The siege of Aiguillon, an episode in the Hundred Years' War, began on 1 April 1346 when a French army commanded by John, Duke of Normandy, laid siege to the Gascon town of Aiguillon. The town was defended by an Anglo-Gascon army under Ralph, Earl of Stafford. In 1345 Henry, Earl of Lancaster, was sent to Gascony in south-west France with 2,000 men and large financial resources.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Second Battle of Olmedo

The Second Battle of Olmedo was fought on 20 August 1467 near Olmedo in Castile (now in the province of Valladolid, Spain) as part of the succession conflict between Henry IV of Castile and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of Asturias. Alfonso's troops advanced eastwards along the valley of the Duero towards central Castile, while the troops loyal to Henry moved north from Cuéllar towards Medina del Campo to try to cut them off: the two armies met near Olmedo.

Spain

Battle of Lipnic

The Battle of Lipnic (or Lipnica, or Lipniţi) was a battle between the Moldavian forces under Stephen the Great, and the Volga Tatars of the Golden Horde led by Ahmed Khan, and which took place on the August 20, 1470.

Moldova

Prince of Ning rebellion

The Prince of Ning rebellion or Rebellion of the Prince of Ning (Chinese: 寧王之亂) was a rebellion that took place in China between 10 July and 20 August 1519 during the Ming dynasty. It was started by Zhu Chenhao, the Prince of Ning and a fifth-generation descendant of Zhu Quan, and was aimed at overthrowing the Zhengde Emperor. The Prince of Ning revolt was one of two princedom rebellions during the Zhengde Emperor's reign, and was preceded by the Prince of Anhua rebellion in 1510.

People's Republic of China

Battle of Tocarema

The Battle of Tocarema (Spanish: Batalla de Tocarema) was fought between an alliance of the troops of Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and zipa of the Muisca Sagipa of the southern Muisca Confederation and the indigenous Panche. The battle took place on the afternoon of August 19 and the morning of August 20, 1538 in the vereda Tocarema of Cachipay, Cundinamarca, Colombia and resulted in a victory for the Spanish and Muisca, when captains Juan de Céspedes and Juan de Sanct Martín commanded two flanks of the conquistadors.

Colombia

Siege of Fellin (1560)

The siege of Fellin was one of the final events that took place in August 1560 during the Russo-Livonian War. Besiegers used artillery fire exclusively to capture the strong fortress. In July 1560, the Russian army marched on the Fellin fortress, the Livonian knights tried to resist it in the field, but they were defeated in the battle of Erms.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Estonia

Siege of Mozambique (1607)

The 1607 Siege of Mozambique was an armed encounter between the forces of the Portuguese Empire and those of the Dutch East India Company or VOC, who attempted to capture the Portuguese Fort São Sebastião on the island of Mozambique. After a six-month campaign, the Dutch withdrew.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mozambique

Battle of Ormskirk

The Battle of Ormskirk was fought on 20 August 1644 during the First English Civil War it was a decisive victory for a Parliamentarian (Roundhead) force commanded by Major-General Sir John Meldrum over a Royalist (Cavalier) force commanded by Lord Byron.

Lancashire, United Kingdom

Battle of Lens

The Battle of Lens (20 August 1648) was a French victory under Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé against the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). It was the last major battle of the war. Lens is a fortified city in the historic region of Flanders, today a major city in the Pas-de-Calais region of northern France. The city had been captured by the French in 1647. The nobility rebelled against the leadership of Cardinal Mazarin, known as the Fronde, leading the Spanish to perceive an opportunity to retake Lens and possibly gain ground.

Grenay, Pas-de-Calais, France · Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France · Liévin, France

Holmes's Bonfire

Holmes's Bonfire was a raid on the Vlie estuary in the Netherlands, executed by the English Fleet during the Second Anglo-Dutch War on 19 and 20 August 1666 New Style (9 and 10 August Old Style). The attack, named after the commander of the landing force, Rear-Admiral Robert Holmes, was successful in destroying by fire a large merchant fleet of 140 ships.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Hogland (1705)

The battle of Hogland 1705 was a minor naval battle between the Swedish ship of the line Reval and 7 Russian galleys. After several hours of fighting, the Swedes were victorious. It was the first time that Russian galleys took part in a naval battle in the Baltic Sea.

Battle of Saragossa

The Battle of Saragossa, 20 August 1710, took place during the War of the Spanish Succession, near Zaragoza in Spain. A slightly inferior Franco-Bourbon Spanish army commanded by the Marquis de Bay was severely defeated by a Grand Alliance force under Guido Starhemberg, which included Habsburg Spanish troops.

Spain

Battle of Laba River (1739)

The Battle of Laba River was a military engagement that took place on August 20, 1739, during the final phase of the Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739).

Siege of Fort Massachusetts

The siege of Fort Massachusetts (19-20 August 1746) was a successful siege of Fort Massachusetts (in present-day North Adams, Massachusetts) by a mixed force of more than 1,000 French and Native Americans from New France. The fort, garrisoned by a disease-weakened militia force from the Province of Massachusetts Bay, surrendered after its supplies of ammunition and gunpowder were depleted.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Battle of Strehla

The Battle of Strehla (20 August 1760) was a military engagement fought during the Seven Years' War between the Kingdom of Prussia and Austria. The Austrian army attacked an outnumbered Prussian corps on a strong position but was repulsed. The battle was fought near the town of Strehla in Saxony, Germany.

Germany

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The Battle of Fallen Timbers (20 August 1794) was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between the Northwestern Confederacy and United States for control of the Northwest Territory. The battle took place amid trees toppled by a tornado near the Maumee River in northwestern Ohio at the site of the present-day city of Maumee, Ohio.

Battle of Ratan

The Battle of Ratan was fought on 20 August 1809 during the Russo-Swedish War of 1808–09, a day after the Battle of Sävar, and was the last battle fought on Swedish soil during the war. After Russia conquered Finland, the Swedish army command planned a combined attack on the Russian army by landing troops north of Umeå to attack them from the rear while the mainland army advanced from the south.

Sweden

Battle of Churubusco

The Battle of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, while Santa Anna's army was in retreat from the Battle of Contreras (Padierna), Mexican–American War. After defeating the Mexican army at Churubusco, the U.S. Army was only 5 miles (8 km) away from Mexico City.

Mexico City, Mexico

Battle of Contreras

The Battle of Contreras, also known as the Battle of Padierna, took place on 19–20 August 1847, in one of the final encounters of the Mexican–American War, as invading U.S. forces under Winfield Scott approached the Mexican capital. American forces surprised and then routed the Mexican forces of General Gabriel Valencia, who had disobeyed General Antonio López de Santa Anna's orders for his forces' placement.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

Maltese general election, 1849

General elections were held in Malta between 16 and 20 August 1849, the first in the country's history.

Malta

Steamboat Atlantic sinks on Lake Erie after a collision, with the loss of at least 150 lives

Atlantic was a steamboat that sank in Lake Erie after a collision with the steamer Ogdensburg on 20 August 1852, with the loss of at least 150 but perhaps as many as 300 lives. The loss of life made this disaster, in terms of loss of life from the sinking of a single vessel, the fifth-worst tragedy in the history of the Great Lakes.

Battle of Fort Ridgely

The Battle of Fort Ridgely was an early battle in the Dakota War of 1862. As the closest U.S. military post to the Lower Sioux Agency, the lightly fortified Fort Ridgely quickly became both a destination for refugees and a target of Dakota warbands after the attack at the Lower Sioux Agency. It came under attack by the Dakota on August 20, 1862, two days after a company of soldiers responding from the fort to the attack on the Lower Sioux Agency had been ambushed and defeated at the Battle of Redwood Ferry.

Battle of Lovejoy's Station

The Battle of Lovejoy's Station was fought on August 20, 1864, in Clayton County, Georgia, during the American Civil War.

United States

Kinmon incident

The Kinmon incident (禁門の変, Kinmon no Hen; "Forbidden Gate Incident" or "Imperial Palace Gate Incident"), also known as the Hamaguri Gate Rebellion (蛤御門の変, Hamaguri Gomon no Hen; "Hamaguri Imperial Gate Incident"), was a rebellion against the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan that took place on 20 August [lunar calendar: 19th day, 7th month], 1864, near the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.

President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by Southern states that had seceded from the Union to preserve slavery in the United States.

Bombardment of Omoa

The Bombardment of Omoa was an assault by the British ship Niobe under the command of Sir Lambton Loraine on the Honduran fortress of Omoa between 19 and 20 August 1873.

Honduras

1875 Caversham by-election

The 1875 Caversham by-election was a by-election held on 20 August 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Caversham electorate in the south-east of the South Island. The by-election was held because of the death of sitting member of parliament William Tolmie. The election saw Robert Stout narrowly win the seat by just twenty-one votes over his sole opponent, William Larnach.

New Zealand

Battle of Camas Creek

The Battle of Camas Creek, August 20, 1877, was a raid by the Nez Perce Indians on a U.S. Army encampment and a subsequent battle during the Nez Perce War. The Nez Perce defeated three companies of U.S. cavalry and continued their fighting retreat to escape the U.S. Army.

United States

Release of 1812 Overture

The Year 1812, Solemn Overture, Op. 49, popularly known as the 1812 Overture, is a concert overture in E♭ major written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The piece commemorates Russia's successful defence against the French invasion of the nation in 1812. Written in just 6 weeks the Overture's first public performance, conducted by Ippolit Al'tani, took place in Moscow on 20 August [O.S.

Battle of Thuận An

The Battle of Thuan An (20 August 1883) was a clash between the French and the Vietnamese during the period of early hostilities of the Tonkin Campaign (1883 to 1886). During the battle a French landing force under the command of Admiral Amédée Courbet stormed the coastal forts that guarded the river approaches to the Vietnamese capital Huế, enabling the French to dictate a treaty to the Vietnamese that recognised a French protectorate over Tonkin. The French strike against the Vietnamese in August 1883, sanctioned by Jules Ferry's administration in Paris, did more than anything else to make a war between France and China inevitable, and sowed the seeds of the Vietnamese Can Vuong national uprising in July 1885.

Vietnam

Battle of Taghit

The Battle of Taghit was the siege of a fort held by a contingent of the French Army of Africa against Moroccan tribesmen during the South-Oranese Campaign.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Korsakov

The Battle of Korsakov, a naval engagement of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought on 20 August 1904 off the southern coast of Sakhalin island. The battle foiled an attempt by the Imperial Russian Navy protected cruiser Novik at escaping Port Arthur to join the Russian cruiser squadron at Vladivostok, Russia, after the Russian Pacific Squadron was scattered in the Battle of the Yellow Sea.

Korsakov (town), Russia

The Tongmenghui of China () was a secret society and underground resistance movement founded by Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren, and others in Tokyo, Empire of Japan, on 20 August 1905, with the goal of overthrowing China's Qing dynasty

The Tongmenghui of China (Chinese: 中國同盟會; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tóngménghuì) was a secret society and underground resistance movement founded by Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren, and others in Tokyo, Empire of Japan, on 20 August 1905, with the goal of overthrowing China's Qing dynasty. It was formed from the merger of multiple late-Qing dynasty Chinese revolutionary groups.

Hurricane-force winds combined hundreds of small fires in the U.S. states of Washington and Idaho into the Devil's Broom fire, which burned about 4,700 square miles (12,100 km²), the largest fire in recorded U.S. history

The Great Fire of 1910 (also commonly referred to as the Big Blowup, the Big Burn, or the Devil's Broom fire) was a wildfire in the Inland Northwest region of the United States which burned three million acres (4,700 sq mi; 12,100 km2) in Northern Idaho and Western Montana in the summer of 1910, with extensions into Eastern Washington and Southeast British Columbia.

Siege of Novogeorgievsk

The siege of Novogeorgievsk was a battle of World War I fought after the Germans broke the Russian defenses in Paul von Hindenburg's Bug–Narew offensive. In terms of the ratio of casualties and trophies, the German victory at Novogeorgievsk surpassed the victory at Tannenberg in 1914. It is also one of the most brilliant victories in world military history in capturing a heavily fortified fortress defended by superior enemy forces.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of the Gulf of Riga

The Battle of the Gulf of Riga was a World War I naval operation of the German High Seas Fleet against the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea in August 1915. The operation's objective was to destroy the Russian naval forces in the Gulf in preparation for landing German troops to facilitate the fall of Riga in the later stages of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in 1915.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

National Football League

The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league in the United States. Composed of 32 teams, it is divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The NFL is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada and the highest professional level of American football in the world.

The National Football League is organized as the American Professional Football Conference in Canton, Ohio.

2nd Venice International Film Festival

The 2nd annual Venice International Film Festival was held between 1 and 20 August 1934. This was the first year the festival had a competition with the Coppa Mussolini being awarded for Best Foreign Film and Best Italian Film.

Venice, Italy

Third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet

The third encirclement campaign against the Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Shaanxi–Gansu Soviet and its Chinese Red Army in the local region.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

Hundred Regiments Offensive

The Hundred Regiments Offensive (Chinese: 百团大战) or the Hundred Regiments Campaign was a tactical campaign initiated by the Eighth Route Army, led by the Chinese Communist Party, against the Japanese invasion in North China from 20 August 1940, to 24 January 1941. The operation was named in recognition of the involvement of 105 regiments and represented the most extensive and protracted offensive by the Eighth Route Army in Japanese-occupied territory since the onset of the countrywide War of Resistance.

Białystok Ghetto uprising

The Białystok Ghetto uprising was an insurrection in the Jewish Białystok Ghetto against the Nazi German occupation authorities during World War II. The uprising was launched on the night of August 16, 1943 and was the second-largest ghetto uprising organized in Nazi-occupied Poland after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of April–May 1943. It was led by the Anti-Fascist Military Organisation (Antyfaszystowska Organizacja Bojowa), a branch of the Warsaw Anti-Fascist Bloc.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Romania

The Battle of Romania in World War II comprised several operations in or around Romania in 1944, as part of the Eastern Front, in which the Soviet Army defeated Axis (German and Romanian) forces in the area, Romania changed sides, and Soviet and Romanian forces drove the Germans back into Hungary. Soviet troops entered Romanian territory during the Uman–Botoșani offensive in March 1944, capturing several towns in northern Moldavia, including Botoșani.

World War II: The Battle of Romania begins with a major Soviet Union offensive.

Battle of Chambois

The Battle of Chambois was an August 1944 battle during the Battle of Normandy in World War II. Prior to the battle, a pocket had formed around Falaise, Calvados, where the German Army Group B, with the 7th Army and the Fifth Panzer Army (formerly Panzergruppe West) were encircled by the Western Allies.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Seine River Crossing at Mantes-Gassicourt

General George Patton's Third Army's Seine River Crossing at Mantes-Gassicourt was the first allied bridgehead across the Seine River in the aftermath of Operation Overlord, which allowed the Allies to engage in the Liberation of Paris. During the two days of the bridge crossing, American anti-aircraft artillery shot down almost fifty German planes.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Paraguayan Civil War (1947)

The Paraguayan Civil War (also known as the Barefoot Revolution and the Third Paraguayan Civil War) was a civil war in Paraguay that lasted from 7 March to 20 August 1947.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Paraguay

Hungarian Constitution of 1949

The Hungarian Constitution of 1949 was a communist state constitution adopted on 20 August 1949[a] and significantly revised two times: on 26 April 1972 and on 23 October 1989, with the latter revision transforming it into a liberal democratic constitution.[b] The document was Hungary's first permanent written constitution, and until its replacement in 2011, the country was the only former Eastern Bloc nation that did not adopt an entirely new constitution after the fall of Communism.

Battle of P'ohang-dong

The Battle of P'ohang-dong was an engagement between the United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces early in the Korean War, with fighting continuing from 5–20 August 1950 around the town of P'ohang-dong, South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

South Korea

1952 Yukon general election

The 1952 Yukon general election was held on 20 August 1952 to elect the five members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan, and worked on the basis of consensus government.

Battle of Philippeville

The Battle of Philippeville was part of the Algerian War between France and Algerian rebels, primarily the National Liberation Front (FLN) The battle took place on August 20, 1955 and centered on the Algerian town of Philippeville, though the FLN also made attacks on surrounding areas.

Morocco

Philippeville massacre

The Philippeville massacre, also known as the Battle of Philippeville or the August Offensive, was a series of raids launched on 20 August 1955 on various cities and towns of the Constantine region by FLN insurgents and armed mobs during the Algerian War between France and the Algerian rebels. The raids, which mostly took the form of ethnic riots, resulted in the massacre of several dozens of European settlers, known as pieds-noirs.

1959 Newfoundland general election

The 1959 Newfoundland general election was held on 20 August 1959 to elect members of the 32nd General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was won by the Liberal party.

1960 Iranian general election

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran between 30 July and 20 August 1960. In order to demonstrate the appearance of a democratic free election, the Shah allowed candidates from the popular National Front to compete, however it returned no seats for them. The announced result was a massive victory for the Prime Minister Eghbal's Party of Nationalists.

Iran

Senegal: Withdrawal from the Mali Federation

Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country of mainland West Africa, situated along the Atlantic Ocean coast. It borders Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds the Gambia, a country occupying a narrow strip of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.

1961 Mauritanian presidential election

Presidential elections were held for the first time in Mauritania on 20 August 1961 to elect the president for the next five years. Moktar Ould Daddah, who had been acting head of state since independence from France in 1960 was the only candidate, and was elected unopposed. Although he was a member of the ruling Mauritanian Regroupment Party, his candidacy was also supported by the Mauritanian National Union.

Mauritania

Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

On 20–21 August 1968, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four fellow Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the Hungarian People's Republic. The invasion stopped Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring liberalisation reforms and strengthened the authoritarian wing of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ).

Operation Somerset Plain

Operation Somerset Plain was a joint military operation conducted by the United States and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in the A Sầu Valley from 4–20 August 1968.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Phalat

Operation Phalat (2 April–20 August 1971) was a military offensive of the Laotian Civil War aimed at an active defense of the Kingdom of Thailand's northern border with the Kingdom of Laos. Evoked by the approach of The Chinese Road, and despite feeble cooperation from the Royal Lao Government, the Thai military established a three-battalion presence on Lao territory south of the Mekong River as a defense against potential invasion by the People's Republic of China.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Laos · Thailand

1973 Laotian coup attempt

The 1973 Laotian coup d'état attempt was a final attempt to stave off a communist coalition government of the Kingdom of Laos. Exiled General Thao Ma returned from the Kingdom of Thailand on 20 August 1973 to take over Wattay International Airport outside the capital of Vientiane. Commandeering an AT-28, he led air strikes upon the office and home of his hated rival, General Kouprasith Abhay.

Vientiane, Laos

ČSA Flight 540

ČSA Flight 540 was a regularly scheduled international flight from Prague, Czechoslovakia to Tehran, Iran via Damascus, Syria and Baghdad, Iraq. On 20 August 1975, the flight, operated by an Ilyushin Il-62, crashed 17 km (11 mi) from Damascus International Airport while descending at night in clear weather, breaking up and catching fire on impact. 126 of the 128 passengers and crew died in the accident, making it Syria's worst air disaster and the worst air disaster for the airline.

Syria

Viking program

The Viking program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, Viking 1 and Viking 2 both launched in 1975, and landed on Mars in 1976. The mission effort began in 1968 and was managed by the NASA Langley Research Center. Each spacecraft was composed of two main parts: an orbiter spacecraft which photographed the surface of Mars from orbit, and a lander which studied the planet from the surface. The orbiters also served as communication relays for the landers once they touched down. The Viking program grew from NASA's earlier, even more ambitious, Voyager Mars program, which was not related to the successful Voyager deep space probes of the late 1970s. Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975, and the second craft, Viking 2, was launched on September 9, 1975, both riding atop Titan IIIE rockets with Centaur upper stages.

Voyager 2

Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program. It was launched on a trajectory towards the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and enabled further encounters with the ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). The only spacecraft to have visited either of the ice giant planets, it was the third of five spacecraft to achieve Solar escape velocity, which allowed it to leave the Solar System.

August 1981 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election

The August 1981 Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election was the second by-election in the same year, held in Fermanagh and South Tyrone on 20 August 1981. It was seen by many as a rerun of the earlier contest in April. The by-election was caused by the death of the IRA hunger striker and MP Bobby Sands.

United Kingdom

1983 FA Charity Shield

The 1983 FA Charity Shield was the 61st FA Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup competitions. The match was played on 20 August 1983 at Wembley Stadium and contested by Liverpool, who had won the 1982–83 First Division, and Manchester United, who had won the 1982–83 FA Cup.

Edmond post office shooting

The Edmond post office shooting was a mass shooting that occurred in Edmond, Oklahoma, on August 20, 1986. In less than fifteen minutes, 44-year-old postal worker Patrick Sherrill pursued and shot several coworkers, killing 14 and injuring another 6, before committing suicide. It is currently the deadliest workplace shooting in U.S. history by a lone gunman, as well as the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in the state of Oklahoma.

Oklahoma, United States

Edmond was the site of a workplace shooting on August 20, 1986, in which 14 people were killed and six wounded by Patrick Sherrill, a postman who then committed suicide

Edmond is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States. It is a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, in Central Oklahoma. Its population was 94,428 at the 2020 United States census, a 16% increase from 2010, making it the 5th most populous city in Oklahoma. The city borders the northern boundary of Oklahoma City. Public transportation is provided by Citylink Edmond bus service.

Ballygawley bus bombing

The Ballygawley bus bombing was a roadside bomb attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on a bus carrying British soldiers in Northern Ireland. It occurred in the early hours of 20 August 1988 in the townland of Curr near Ballygawley, County Tyrone. The attack killed eight soldiers and wounded another 28. It was the second-deadliest attack on the British Army in Northern Ireland during the Troubles, after the Warrenpoint ambush of 1979. In the wake of the bombing the British Army began ferrying its troops in and out of County Tyrone by helicopter.

Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

1988 FA Charity Shield

The 1988 FA Charity Shield was the 66th Charity Shield, a football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played on 20 August 1988 between 1987–88 Football League champions Liverpool and 1987–88 FA Cup winners Wimbledon.

Marchioness disaster

The Marchioness disaster was a collision between two vessels on the River Thames in London in the early hours of 20 August 1989, which resulted in the deaths of 51 people. The pleasure boat Marchioness sank after being hit twice by the dredger Bowbelle at about 1:46 am, between Cannon Street railway bridge and Southwark Bridge.

London, United Kingdom

1989 NSL Cup final

The 1989 NSL Cup final was the final match of the 1989 NSL Cup, the 13th season of the National Soccer League Cup. It was played at Hindmarsh Stadium in Adelaide on 20 August 1989 between Adelaide City and Sydney Olympic. Adelaide City won the match 2–0 for their second NSL Cup title.

Adelaide, Australia

In India, Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language) is included in the scheduled languages' list and made one of the official languages of the Indian Government

Meitei ( ; ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ pronounced [mejtejlon]), also known as Manipuri (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ pronounced [mənipuɾi]), is a Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India. It is the official language and the lingua franca of Manipur and an additional official language in four districts of Assam. It is one of the constitutionally scheduled official languages of the Indian Republic.

1994 Supercupa României

The 1994 Supercupa României was the first edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Bucharest at Stadionul Național on 20 August 1994, and was contested between Divizia A title holders, Steaua București and Cupa României champions, Gloria Bistrița. Steaua București became the first winner of the trophy after a goal scored by Marian Popa in extra time.

Firozabad rail disaster

The Firozabad rail disaster occurred on 20 August 1995 near Firozabad on the Delhi-Kanpur section of India's Northern Railway, at 02:55 when a passenger train collided with a train which had stopped after hitting a cow, killing 358 people (although some sources estimate the deaths at more than 400). The accident happened in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh; both trains were bound for the Indian capital, Delhi. The first train, the "Kalindi Express" from Kanpur struck a cow but was unable to proceed as its brakes were damaged. It was then struck from behind at a speed of 70 Kmph by the Purushottam Express from Puri.

India

IWA Kawasaki Dream

Kawasaki Dream was a professional wrestling supercard produced by the Japanese professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Association (IWA). The event took place on August 20, 1995, at the Kawasaki Stadium in Kawasaki, Kanagawa. The event was a huge success for the promotion drawing a crowd of 28,757 attendants, the largest crowd for an IWA Japan show and it was the most successful and biggest show of the promotion.

Japan

Souhane massacre

The largest of the Souhane massacres took place in the small mountain town of Souhane (about 25 km south of Algiers, between Larbaa and Tablat) on 20–21 August 1997. 64 people were killed, and 15 women kidnapped; the resulting terror provoked a mass exodus, bringing the town's population down from 4000 before the massacre to just 103 in 2002. Smaller-scale massacres later took place on November 27, 1997 (18 men, 3 women, 4 children killed) and 2 March 2000, when some 10 people from a single household were killed by guerrillas. The massacres were blamed on Islamist groups such as the GIA.

Algeria

Operation Infinite Reach

Operation Infinite Reach was the codename for American cruise missile strikes on al-Qaeda bases that were launched concurrently across two continents on 20 August 1998. Launched by the U.S. Navy, the strikes hit the al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum, Sudan, and a camp in Khost Province, Afghanistan, in retaliation for al-Qaeda's August 7 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, which killed 224 people (including 12 Americans) and injured over 4,000 others.

2003 TNA Super X Cup Tournament

The 2003 Super X Cup Tournament was an X Cup professional wrestling X Division tournament and pay-per-view event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on August 20, 2003, at the TNA Asylum in Nashville, Tennessee. It was aired on September 3 via tape delay. The event featured the first-ever eight-man Super X Cup Tournament, which was won by Chris Sabin, who defeated Juventud Guerrera in the tournament final.

Nashville, Tennessee, United States · Tennessee, United States

WEC 11

WEC 11: Evolution was a mixed martial arts event promoted by World Extreme Cagefighting on August 20, 2004 at the Tachi Palace Hotel & Casino in Lemoore, California. The main event saw Shonie Carter take on Jason Biswell.

California, United States

Torneo Gran Alternativa (2004)

The Torneo Gran Alternativa (2004) (Spanish for "Great Alternative Tournament") was a professional wrestling tournament held by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; Spanish for "World Wrestling Council"). The tournament was held on August 20, 2004, in Mexico City, Mexico at CMLL's main venue, Arena México. The Gran Alternativa tournament features tag teams composed of a rookie, or novato, and a veteran wrestler for an elimination tournament.

Mexico City, Mexico

2004 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira

The 2004 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 26th edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, the annual Portuguese football season-opening match contested by the winners of the previous season's top league and cup competitions (or cup runner-up in case the league- and cup-winning club is the same). The match was contested between the 2003–04 Primeira Liga winners, Porto and the 2003–04 Taça de Portugal winners, Benfica.

UFC 54

UFC 54: Boiling Point was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 20, 2005, at the MGM Grand Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. The event was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States, and later released on DVD.

Las Vegas, United States

2005 Supercoppa Italiana

The 2005 Supercoppa Italiana was a match contested by 2004–05 Serie A champions Juventus (although subsequently stripped of the title due to Calciopoli) and 2004–05 Coppa Italia winners Inter Milan. The match took place on 20 August 2005, and resulted in a 1–0 win for Inter Milan after Juan Sebastián Verón's goal in extra time; Juventus' David Trezeguet had scored a regular goal just before half-time but it was not allowed due to a non-existent offside.

Italy

SummerSlam (2006)

SummerSlam (2006) was the nineteenth annual SummerSlam professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on August 20, 2006, at the TD Banknorth Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, and involved performers from the Raw, SmackDown!, and ECW brands. This marked the first inter-brand pay-per-view including the ECW brand. The main match on the Raw brand pitted Edge against John Cena for the WWE Championship, which Edge won by pinfall after hitting Cena in the back of the head with a pair of brass knuckles.

Boston, United States · Massachusetts, United States

Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politician and former MP S. Sivamaharajah is shot dead at his home in Tellippalai

Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah (Tamil: சின்னத்தம்பி சிவமகராஜா; 28 June 1938 – 20 August 2006) was a Sri Lankan Tamil newspaper publisher, politician and Member of Parliament.

British Virgin Islands general election, 2007

The British Virgin Islands general election, 2007 was held in the British Virgin Islands on 20 August 2007. The result was a landslide victory for the opposition Virgin Islands Party (VIP) over the incumbent National Democratic Party (NDP). The VIP took 7 of the 9 district seats (of the remaining district seats, only 1 was taking by the NDP; the other was taken by Alvin Christopher, an independent candidate endorsed by the VIP). The VIP also took 3 out of the 4 territorial at-large seats. The only two NDP candidates to retain their seats were former Chief Minister Orlando Smith and seventh district representative Kedrick Pickering.

British Virgin Islands

China Airlines Flight 120

China Airlines Flight 120 was a regularly scheduled international flight from Taoyuan International Airport in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City), Taiwan to Naha Airport in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. On 20 August 2007, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating the flight caught fire and exploded after landing and taxiing to the gate area at Naha Airport. Four people—three from the aircraft and one ground crew—sustained injuries in the accident.

Japan

2007 Turkish presidential election

The 2007 Turkish presidential election refers to two attempts to elect the country's 11th president, to succeed Ahmet Necdet Sezer. The most likely candidate for president was Abdullah Gül. Turkey's presidential office is regarded as the guardian of the country's secular system; the fact that Gül's wife wears the Islamic headscarf, as well as his own history in political Islam, turned the elections into a political crisis.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Turkey

Spanair Flight 5022

Spanair Flight 5022 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Barcelona–El Prat Airport to Gran Canaria Airport, Spain, with a stopover in Madrid–Barajas Airport that crashed just after take-off from runway 36L at Madrid-Barajas Airport at 14:24 CEST (12:24 UTC) on 20 August 2008. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, registration EC-HFP. Of the 172 passengers and crew on board, 154 died and 18 survived.

Madrid, Spain

Festival de las Máscaras (2009)

The 2009 Festival de las Máscaras (Spanish for "Festival of the Mask") was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on August 20, 2009. The show was held in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, which is IWRG's primary venue. The 2009 event was only the second time IWRG held a Festival de las Máscaras, which would become an annual tradition.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

Operation Strike of the Sword

Operation Strike of the Sword or Operation Khanjar was a US-led offensive in Helmand province in southern Afghanistan. About 4,000 Marines from the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade as well as 650 Afghan troops were involved, supported by NATO planes. The operation began when units moved into the Helmand River valley in the early hours of July 2, 2009.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Afghanistan

First Air Flight 6560

First Air Flight 6560 was a domestic charter flight that crashed on landing at Resolute, Nunavut, Canada, on 20 August 2011. Of the fifteen people on board, twelve were killed and the remaining three were severely injured. The Boeing 737-200 of First Air was operating a service from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, when it struck a hill obscured by clouds near Resolute Bay Airport.

Canada

Battle of Los Angeles (2011)

Battle of Los Angeles (2011) was the seventh Battle of Los Angeles professional wrestling tournament produced by Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). The event took place on August 20, 2011, at the American Legion Post #308 in Reseda, Los Angeles, California. It marked the first time that the Battle of Los Angeles tournament was held over one night. The event concluded with a tournament final in which El Generico defeated Kevin Steen.

California, United States

Second Battle of Zawiya

The Second Battle of Zawiya or Zawia took place during the Libyan Civil War between rebel anti-Gaddafi forces and forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi for control of the Tripolitania city of Zawia.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Libya

Perros del Mal vs. XPW

An Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) reunion show called Perros del Mal vs. XPW: Xtremo y Sangriento, also known simply as Perros del Mal vs. XPW, was held on August 20, 2011, in Tultitlán, Mexico. This was the third XPW reunion show held since 2008 and the first to be co-promoted with Mexican lucha libre promotion Perros del Mal. The event took place at Central de Refacciones, a local junk yard.

Mexico

NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn II

NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn II was a professional wrestling show in the NXT TakeOver series that took place on August 20, 2016 at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. The event was produced by WWE, showcasing its NXT developmental brand, and streamed live on the WWE Network. Eight matches were contested at the event, including two matches taped for future episodes of NXT. In the main event, Shinsuke Nakamura defeated Samoa Joe to capture the NXT Championship. The event also saw the in-ring debuts of Bobby Roode and Ember Moon.

Brooklyn, United States · New York, United States

UFC 202

UFC 202: Diaz vs. McGregor 2 was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that was held on August 20, 2016, at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas metropolitan area. This event was the first one under the full control of the new ownership group consisting of William Morris Endeavor, Silver Lake Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and MSD Capital.

Nevada, United States

Football at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament final

The 2016 Summer Olympic football gold medal match was a football match to determine the gold medal winners of men's football tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics. The match was the 24th final of the men's football tournament at the Olympics, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA to decide the Olympic champions. The match was held at Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 20 August 2016, and it was played between hosts Brazil and Germany.

Brazil

August 2016 Gaziantep bombing

On 20 August 2016, a suicide bomber targeted a Kurdish wedding in Gaziantep, Turkey. 57 people were killed and 66 injured in the attack, 14 critically.

Turkey

Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)

The Battle of al-Rai was fought in August 2016 between the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and the Islamic State in the border town of al-Rai, part of the northern Aleppo Governorate on the border with Turkey, which resulted in the FSA capturing the town.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

La Gran Cruzada (2017)

La Gran Cruzada (2017) (Spanish for "The Great Crusade") was an ajor professional wrestling supercard event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on August 20, 2017, in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The main event of the show was the eponymous Gran Cruzada tournament, a 30-man Battle Royal with the winner earning a championship match for his weight division.

Naucalpan, Mexico

Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2017

Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2017: Peter Pan, Even at Twenty, Is Still Peter Pan (両国ピーターパン2017〜ピーターパン 二十歳になっても ピーターパン〜, Ryōgoku Pītā Pan 2017: Pītā Pan Hatachi ni Natte mo Pītā Pan) was a professional wrestling event promoted by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The event took place on August 20, 2017, in Tokyo at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. The event featured seventeen matches, seven of which were contested for championships.

Tokyo, Japan

SummerSlam (2017)

The 2017 SummerSlam was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE, held for wrestlers from the promotion's main roster brands, Raw and SmackDown. It was the 30th annual SummerSlam and took place on August 20, 2017, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. This was the third of four consecutive SummerSlam events to take place at the arena.

Brooklyn, United States

Victory Road (2017)

The 2017 Victory Road (aka Impact!: Victory Road) was a special episode of Impact Wrestling and the tenth edition of Victory Road professional wrestling event produced by the Impact Wrestling promotion, which took place on August 20, 2017 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida and aired on television on September 28, 2017. Four matches were contested at the event including three championship matches.

Florida, United States

2020 Democratic National Convention

The 2020 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention that was held from August 17 to 20, 2020, at the Wisconsin Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and virtually across the United States. At the convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party formally chose former Vice President Joe Biden and Senator Kamala Harris of California as the party's nominees for president and vice president, respectively, in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Joe Biden gives his acceptance speech virtually for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.

Bellator 265

Bellator 265: Kongo vs. Kharitonov was a mixed martial arts event produced by Bellator MMA that took place on August 20, 2021 at the Sanford Pentagon in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States.

South Dakota, United States

UFC 278

UFC 278: Usman vs. Edwards 2 was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on August 20, 2022, at Vivint Arena in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

Utah, United States

PFL 9 (2022)

The PFL 9 mixed martial arts event for the 2022 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 20, 2022, at the Copper Box Arena in London, England. This was the start of the playoffs for the Women's Lightweight and Featherweight divisions.

London, United Kingdom

2022 Fannie Bay by-election

A by-election in the seat of Fannie Bay in the Northern Territory was held on 20 August 2022, following the resignation of Michael Gunner, the MLA for Fannie Bay and former chief minister, on 27 July 2022. Early voting started on Monday 8 August.

2023 FIFA Women's World Cup final

The 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup final was an association football match that determined the winner of the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. The match was played at the Stadium Australia in Sydney, Australia, on 20 August 2023, and was contested by Spain and England. It took place in front of 75,784 supporters, and Spain won the final 1–0 through a goal from Olga Carmona, assisted by Mariona Caldentey.

Sydney, Australia

2023 Guatemalan general election

General elections were held in Guatemala on 25 June 2023 to elect the president and vice president, all 160 seats in Congress, all 20 members of the Central American Parliament, and mayors and councils for all the country's 340 municipalities. Incumbent president Alejandro Giammattei was constitutionally prohibited from running for a second four-year term.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Guatemala

2024 Miami-Dade County mayoral election

The 2024 Miami-Dade County mayoral election was held on August 20, 2024, to elect the mayor of Miami-Dade County, Florida. The election was officially nonpartisan; a runoff election would have occurred on November 5, 2024, if no candidate won a majority of the vote. Incumbent Daniella Levine Cava, first elected in 2020 with 54.0% of the vote, was re-elected in a landslide.

Mayoral elections in Cheyenne, Wyoming

Mayoral elections in Cheyenne, Wyoming are held every four years, coinciding with the United States presidential election.

This entry records the primary, as dated in the source infobox.

2024 Volusia County Chair election

The 2024 Volusia County Chair election took place on November 5, 2024, following a primary election on August 20, 2024. Incumbent County Chair Jeff Brower ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged by businessman Randy Dye; former County Councilmember Deb Denys, who ran against him in 2020; and Port Orange Mayor Don Burnett. Brower placed first in the primary, winning 42 percent of the vote.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

United States

2025 Gaza City offensive

On 20 August 2025, during the Gaza war, Israel announced it had formally begun the "first stages" of a military offensive aiming to seize control of Gaza City from Hamas, referred to in plans as Operation Gideon's Chariots II or Operation Gideon's Chariots B (Hebrew: מבצע מרכבות גדעון ב', romanized: Mivtza Merkavat Gid'on B'). These early stages were superseded by an expanded main offensive that began on 15 September.

Gaza City, Israel

2025 Tasmanian Labor Party leadership election

The 2025 Tasmanian Labor Party leadership election was held on 20 August 2025 to elect the leader of the Tasmanian Labor Party and, ex officio, Leader of the Opposition. The election took place after Labor lost the state election held on 19 July 2025, their fifth consecutive election loss. Josh Willie was successful in his leadership bid, defeating Dean Winter.

2025 Shuja'iyya offensive

On 4 April 2025, Israel began a ground offensive into the Shuja'iyya neighborhood of Gaza City, as part of its renewed military operations in the Gaza Strip following the resumption of the Gaza war on 18 March. It marked the third time Israel invades the neighborhood during the war, following battles in 2023 and 2024.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Palestine