12月24日发生过什么？

Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate

Xiao Tong (traditional Chinese: 蕭統; simplified Chinese: 萧统; pinyin: Xiāo Tǒng; Wade–Giles: Hsiao T'ung, c.October 501 – 7 May 531), courtesy name Deshi (德施), formally Zhaoming Taizi (昭明太子, literally "Accomplished and Understanding Crown Prince"), was a crown prince of the Chinese Liang dynasty, posthumously honored as Emperor Zhaoming (昭明皇帝). He was the oldest son and heir apparent of Emperor Wu of Liang, whom he predeceased.

Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death

Pope John IV (Latin: Ioannes IV; died 12 October 642) was the bishop of Rome from 24 December 640 to his death on 12 October 642. His election followed a four-month vacancy. He wrote to the clergy of Ireland and Scotland to tell them of the mistakes they were making with regard to the time of keeping Easter and condemned Monothelitism as heresy.

First Qarmatian invasion of Egypt

The first Qarmatian invasion of Egypt took place in 971, when the Qarmatians of Bahrayn unsuccessfully invaded Egypt, which had recently been conquered by the Fatimid Caliphate. Both the Qarmatians and the Fatimids were offshoots of the Isma'ili sect of Shi'a Islam, but belonged to different and rival branches. Following the takeover of Egypt under the general Jawhar in 969, the Fatimids began their expansion into the Levant.

Battle of Ayn Shams: The Fatimids under Jawhar defeat the Qarmatians at the gates of Cairo, putting an end to the First Qarmatian invasion of Egypt.

Zengi captures Edessa after a siege

Imad al-Din Zengi captured Edessa, capital of the crusader County of Edessa, on December 24 after a siege that began in November. The loss of the city became a major cause of the Second Crusade. Edessa is the present-day city of Şanlıurfa in southeastern Turkey.

Edessa (present-day Şanlıurfa), Turkey

Battle of Ephesus (1147)

The Battle of Ephesus took place on 24 December 1147 during the Second Crusade. The French Crusader army, led by Louis VII of France, successfully fended off an ambush by the Seljuks of Rum outside Ephesus.

Turkey

Pope Boniface VIII is elected, replacing St. Celestine V, who had resigned

Pope Boniface VIII (Latin: Bonifacius PP. VIII, Italian: Bonifacio VIII; born Benedetto Caetani; c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303. The Caetani family was of baronial origin with connections to the papacy. He succeeded Pope Celestine V, who had abdicated from the papal throne.

Battle of Melstica

The Battle of the Melstica was fought between the army of the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire in 1443.

Bulgaria

Siege of the Castle of Saint George

The siege of the Castle of Saint George, also known as the siege of Cephalonia, occurred from 8 November until 24 December 1500, when following a series of Venetian disasters at the hands of the Turks, the Spanish-Venetian army under Captain Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and Benedetto Pesaro succeeded in capturing the Ottoman stronghold of Cephalonia.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571)

The second rebellion of the Alpujarras (Arabic: ثورة البشرات الثانية; 1568–1571), sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was triggered by Philip II of Spain's Pragmatic Sanction of 1567 and was the second Morisco revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region and on the Granada Altiplano region, northeast of the city of Granada.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Siege of Stralsund (1711–1715)

The siege of Stralsund was an armed engagement during the Great Northern War. The Swedish Empire defended her Swedish Pomeranian port of Stralsund against a coalition of Denmark-Norway, the Electorate of Saxony and the Tsardom of Russia, which was joined by the Kingdom of Prussia during the siege. A first attempt to take Stralsund was made in 1711, when the allies closed in on the town.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Battle of Bhopal

The Battle of Bhopal was fought on 24 December 1737 in Bhopal between the Maratha Empire and the combined army of Mughals and their allies (Rajputs of Amber).

India

1754 Taunton by-election

The 1754 Taunton by-election to the Parliament of Great Britain was held across thirteen days, from 10 to 24 December 1754 in Taunton, the county town of the southwestern English county of Somerset. It took place following the death of the incumbent Whig Member of Parliament, John Halliday. The by-election was contested by Robert Maxwell on behalf of the Whigs, and Sir John Pole, 5th Baronet for the Tories.

Battle of Taraori (1759)

The Battle of Taraori in 1759 was a military engagement between the Durrani Empire and Maratha Empire and the Mughals in the fields of Taraori, in which the Afghans were victorious.

Kiritimati, also called Christmas Island, is discovered by James Cook

Kiritimati (Gilbertese pronunciation: [kiˈrɪsmæs]), also known as Christmas Island, is a Pacific Ocean atoll in the northern Line Islands. It is part of the Republic of Kiribati. The name is derived from the English word "Christmas" written in Gilbertese according to its phonology, in which the combination ti is pronounced /s/.

Croisière du Grand Hiver

The Croisière du Grand Hiver (French "Campaign of the Great Winter") was a naval campaign carried out by the French Navy during the War of the First Coalition. Ordered by the National Convention in the wake of the French navy's tactical defeat at the Glorious First of June, the campaign was intended to challenge the Royal Navy for command of the sea.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

A bomb in Paris fails to kill Napoleon Bonaparte

A bomb exploded on Rue Saint-Nicaise in Paris on December 24 as First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte was traveling to the opera. Bonaparte survived the assassination attempt. The attack became known as the Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise or the machine infernale plot.

Rue Saint-Nicaise, Paris, France

Siege of Deeg

The siege of Deeg (11–24 December 1804) was a siege of the main fort at Deeg, now in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, India, then within the Bharatpur Kingdom. Forces of the British East India Company, led by General Lake, captured the fort from its Marathan defenders. The siege started on 20 November, the bombardment on 13 December, and a breach made at Shahburz, a salient on the southwest side of the fort, on 23 December.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

India

War of the Sixth Coalition

The War of the Sixth Coalition (French: Guerre de la Sixième Coalition; December 1812 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (German: Befreiungskriege) saw a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, Sardinia, and a number of German states defeat the First French Empire and force Napoleon into exile on Elba.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

France

French invasion of Russia

The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign, the Second Polish War, and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812, was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of forcing the Russian Empire to comply with the continental blockade of the United Kingdom. Widely studied, Napoleon's incursion into Russia remains a focal point in military history, recognized as among the most devastating military endeavors to ever unfold.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Lomas de Santa María

The Battle of Lomas de Santa María was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred from 23 to 24 December 1813 in the area around Lomas de Santa María, in the municipality of Valladolid (present day Morelia). The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

Siege of Hamburg

The siege of Hamburg took place from December 1813 to May 1814, at the end of the wars of the War of the Sixth Coalition. The French garrison of Hamburg, commanded by Marshal Davout, resisted the coalition forces of Prussia, the Russian Empire, and Sweden for nearly six months.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Britain and the United States sign the Treaty of Ghent

British and American negotiators signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24 in the city now in Belgium. The agreement set the terms for ending the War of 1812 and largely restored the two sides to their prewar territorial positions. Signing did not immediately stop the fighting: the treaty still needed ratification, and news crossed the Atlantic slowly. The Battle of New Orleans was fought before word of the agreement reached the United States. The treaty took effect after ratification in February 1815. Its signing marked a decisive diplomatic step toward ending the conflict between Britain and the United States.

Ghent, present-day Belgium

The first performance of "Silent Night" takes place in the Nikolauskirche in Oberndorf, Austria

"Silent Night" (German: "Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht") is a popular Christmas carol, composed in 1818 by Franz Xaver Gruber to lyrics by Joseph Mohr in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2011. The song was first recorded in 1905 and has remained a popular success, appearing in films and multiple successful recordings, as well as being quoted in other musical compositions.

Battle of Luchana

The Battle of Luchana (Lutxana in Basque) occurred at Bilbao and its vicinities during the night of December 23, 1836 and went on until December 24, 1836. The Carlists were besieging Bilbao and controlled the water and land routes towards the city. The battle of Luchana took place in the district belonging to the parish of Deusto and the municipality of Erandio, on the banks of the Asúa River, which empties into the Nervión at the spot known as Luchana.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

1860 New South Wales colonial election

The 1860 New South Wales colonial election was held between 6 December and 24 December 1860. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system.

Australia

Expedition after Forrest

Expedition after Forrest was a military movement of the Union Army during the American Civil War.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Six Confederate veterans of the American Civil War founded a social club they named the Ku Klux Klan, which later became a white supremacist group

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK; ), sometimes referred to as the Klan, is an American white supremacist and far-right hate group. Historians widely identify it as one of the earliest terrorist groups in the United States, citing its organized use of violence and intimidation to influence political and social conditions, particularly in the post-Civil War South.

Battle of Hallue

The Battle of Hallue was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War on 23 and 24 December 1870. The battle was fought between 40,000 French under General Louis Faidherbe and 22,500 Prussian troops under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel. The French lost heavily in the village lying in front of their position. However, the Prussians were unable to carry the entrenchments on the heights.

Amiens, France

The first opera performed at the Khedivial Opera House, Aida eventually premiered in Cairo on 24 December 1871

Aida (or Aïda, Italian: [aˈiːda]) is a tragic opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Antonio Ghislanzoni. Set in the Old Kingdom of Egypt, it was commissioned by Cairo's Khedivial Opera House and had its première there on 24 December 1871, in a performance conducted by Giovanni Bottesini. Today the work holds a central place in the operatic canon, receiving performances every year around the world.

Reginald Fessenden transmits the first radio broadcast; consisting of a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech

Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-American electrical engineer and inventor who received hundreds of patents in fields related to radio and sonar between 1891 and 1936 (seven of them after his death). Fessenden pioneered developments in radio technology, including the foundations of amplitude modulation (AM) radio. His achievements included the first transmission of speech by radio (1900), and the first two-way radiotelegraphic communication across the Atlantic Ocean (1906).

Hyacinth incident

The Hyacinth incident was a 1910 British military action against suspected gun runners based in Dubai, then one of the Trucial States and now one of the United Arab Emirates, which resulted in street fighting between the town's citizens and British soldiers and culminated in the shelling of Dubai by HMS Hyacinth using high explosive munitions.

The Italian Hall disaster kills families of striking miners

A Christmas Eve party for striking copper miners and their families ended in disaster at Italian Hall in Calumet, Michigan. Someone shouted that there was a fire, triggering a rush toward the stairs from the crowded upstairs hall. Seventy-three people died, many of them children. The identity and motive of the person who raised the alarm remained unresolved, so claims of deliberate sabotage should not be stated as fact. The tragedy occurred during a bitter labor dispute in Michigan's Copper Country and remains part of the region's public memory. A memorial now marks the former hall site.

Calumet, Michigan, United States

World War I: British and German soldiers interrupted fighting to celebrate Christmas, beginning the Christmas truce

The Christmas truce was a series of widespread unofficial ceasefires mainly along the Western Front of the First World War around Christmas in 1914. The truce occurred five months after hostilities had begun. Lulls occurred in the fighting as armies ran out of men and munitions and commanders reconsidered their strategies following the stalemate of the Race to the Sea and the indecisive result of the First Battle of Ypres.

1916 Tie Cup final

The 1916 Tie Cup final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 17th edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Argentine side Rosario Central and Uruguayan club Peñarol, In the match, played at Racing Stadium in Avellaneda, Peñarol beat Rosario Central 3–0 with three goals by José Piendibene, winning the first and only Tie Cup trophy in the history of the club.

1917 Grey by-election

The Grey by-election of 1917 was a by-election held during the 18th New Zealand Parliament.

New Zealand

1918 occupation of Međimurje

In the immediate aftermath of World War I, the region of Međimurje was occupied by forces loyal to the National Council of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, one of the predecessor states to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in November and December 1918. Predominantly inhabited by Croats, this territory was a part of the Kingdom of Hungary until it was captured by Yugoslav forces.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1918 Christmas crisis

The 1918 Christmas crisis (German: Weihnachtskämpfe or Weihnachtsaufstand; lit. 'Christmas battles' or 'Christmas rebellion') was a brief battle between the socialist revolutionary Volksmarinedivision and regular German army units on 24 December 1918 during the German Revolution of 1918–19. It grew out of an attempt by the government to reduce the division's size and move it out of Berlin. The fighting, which took place at the Berlin Palace, cost 67 lives.

Assassination attempt on Argentine President Hipólito Yrigoyen

Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union who served as President of Argentina from 1916 to 1922 and again from 1928 until his overthrow in 1930. He was the first president elected democratically by means of the secret ballot and mandatory male suffrage established by the Sáenz Peña Law of 1912.

Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)

The Third Battle of Changsha (24 December 1941 – 15 January 1942; Chinese: 第三次長沙會戰) was the first major offensive in China by Imperial Japanese forces following the Japanese attack on the Western Allies and the attack on Pearl Harbor, and Japan's third of four attempts to capture the Chinese city of Changsha. It was conducted with the purpose of severing Chinese lines of communication with British Hong Kong, and seizing control of Changsha's food production.

People's Republic of China

Capture of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, a colony of France off the coast of Newfoundland, were taken over by Free French Naval Forces on 24 December 1941. At the time, the islands' authorities had sworn their allegiance to the Vichy French government.

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

World War II: Benghazi is conquered by the British Eighth Army

The Eighth Army was a field army of the British Army during the Second World War. It was formed as the Western Army on 10 September 1941, in Egypt, before being renamed the Army of the Nile and then the Eighth Army on 26 September. It was created to better control the growing Allied force based in Egypt and to direct its efforts to lift the siege of Tobruk via Operation Crusader.

World War II: French monarchist, Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, assassinates Vichy French Admiral François Darlan in Algiers, Algeria

Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle (French pronunciation: [fɛʁnɑ̃ bɔnje də la ʃapɛl]; 4 November 1922 – 26 December 1942) was an anti-Vichy member of the French Resistance during World War II. He assassinated Admiral of the Fleet François Darlan, a key political figure of Vichy France and the high commissioner of French North Africa and West Africa, on 24 December 1942 in Algiers.

Death of François Darlan

Jean Louis Xavier François Darlan (French: [ʒɑ̃ lwi ɡzavje fʁɑ̃swa daʁlɑ̃]; 7 August 1881 – 24 December 1942) was a French admiral and political figure. Born in Nérac, Darlan graduated from the École navale in 1902 and quickly advanced through the ranks following his service during World War I. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1929, vice admiral in 1932, and lieutenant admiral in 1937 before finally being made admiral and Chief of the Naval Staff in 1937.

Zhitomir–Berdichev offensive

The Zhitomir–Berdichev offensive (Russian: Житомирско-Бердичевская операция; Ukrainian: Житомирсько-Бердичівська наступальна операція), known on the German side as the Defensive battle at Zhitomir and Berdichev (German: Abwehrschlacht bei Shitomir und Berditschew), was part of the strategic offensive of the Red Army in the right-bank Ukraine, the Dnieper–Carpathian offensive. The successful offensive operation was conducted by the forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front commanded by General of Army Nikolai Vatutin during World War II, from 24 December 1943 through to 14 January 1944.

Roosevelt publicly names Eisenhower to lead the Allied invasion of France

In a Christmas Eve radio address on December 24, 1943, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt publicly announced that General Dwight D. Eisenhower had been chosen to lead the coming Allied attack in Western Europe. Roosevelt spoke from Hyde Park, New York. The decision to give Eisenhower command had been made earlier; this entry records its public announcement, months before the Normandy landings.

Public announcement on December 24, not the original command decision or the June 1944 invasion.

United States

Battle of Hellzapoppin Ridge and Hill 600A

The Battle of Hellzapoppin Ridge and Hill 600A consisted of a series of engagements fought in mid-December 1943 on Bougainville between forces of the United States Marine Corps and the Imperial Japanese Army. Although minor in terms of casualties and in comparison to other battles in the Bougainville campaign, the battle was the last significant action undertaken by the 3rd Marine Division on the island before they were replaced by United States Army soldiers from XIV Corps.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

World War II: The Belgian Troopship Leopoldville was torpedoed and sank with the loss of 763 soldiers and 56 crew

SS Léopoldville was a 11,509 GRT passenger liner of the Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo. She was converted for use as a troopship in the Second World War, and on 24 December 1944, while sailing between Southampton and Cherbourg, was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-486. As a result, about 763 US soldiers and 15 officers of the ship's crew died.

Battle of Konitsa

The Battle of Konitsa was a conflict of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949); between the Communist led Democratic Army of Greece and the Greek Army of the Kingdom of Greece. It was a failed initiative to capture the northwestern Greek town of Konitsa, in order to establish a capital for the Provisional Democratic Government; a rival authority to the recognized government in Athens.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Second Phase Offensive

The Second Phase Offensive (25 November – 24 December 1950) or Second Phase Campaign (Chinese: 第二次战役; pinyin: Dìèr Cì Zhànyì) of the Korean War was an offensive by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) against United Nations Command (U.S./UN) forces, most of which were soldiers of South Korea and the United States.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

North Korea

Hungnam evacuation

The Hungnam evacuation or Heungnam redeployment (Korean: 흥남 철수 작전; Hanja: 興南撤收作戰), also known as the Miracle of Christmas, was the evacuation of United Nations (UN) forces and North Korean civilians from the port of Hungnam, Hamhung, North Korea, between 15 and 24 December 1950, during the Korean War.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

North Korea

Libya becomes independent. Idris I is proclaimed King of Libya

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. With an area of almost 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world.

Accession of Idris of Libya

Idris (Arabic: إدريس, romanized: Idrīs, Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Sanusi; 13 March 1890 – 25 May 1983) was King of Libya from 24 December 1951 until his ousting in the 1969 Libyan revolution. He ruled over the United Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, after which the country became known as simply the Kingdom of Libya.

First flight of Britain's Handley Page Victor strategic bomber

The Handley Page Victor is a British jet-powered strategic bomber developed and produced by Handley Page during the Cold War. It was the third and final 'V bomber' to be operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), the other two being the Vickers Valiant and the Avro Vulcan. Entering service in 1958, the Victor was initially developed as part of the United Kingdom's airborne nuclear deterrent.

Christmas Eve Battle

The Christmas Eve Battle took place during the Mau Mau Uprising on 24 December 1953 between British, African and Mau Mau forces and resulted in the death of Earl Wavell, the only son of Archibald Wavell. It took place around 25 miles north of Nairobi. Wavell was leading a patrol of British troops and African police pursuing from Mau Mau who had beheaded a loyal Kikuyu tribesman in the Thaika area. They tracked down about 20 of the Mau Mau who opened fire, killing Wavell immediately. The battle went for ten hours. Wavell had lost an arm during World War II.

Thika, Kenya

Tangiwai disaster

The Tangiwai disaster was a railway accident that occurred at 10:21 p.m. on 24 December 1953, when a railway bridge over the Whangaehu River collapsed beneath an express passenger train at Tangiwai, North Island, New Zealand. The locomotive and the first six carriages derailed into the river, killing 151 people. The subsequent board of inquiry found that the accident was caused by the failure of the tephra dam holding back nearby Mount Ruapehu's Crater Lake, creating a rapid mudflow (lahar) in the Whangaehu River which destroyed one of the bridge piers at Tangiwai only minutes before the train reached the bridge.

New Zealand

A flood devastates California, killing 74 people across portions of the state

From December 16 to 25, 1955, devastating flooding struck portions of California. It was caused by heavy rainfall and a levee break on the Feather River, and directly resulted in the deaths of 74 people, leaving damages of an estimated $150 million (1955 USD), one of the costliest floods ever recorded in California. The floods are commonly known as the Yuba–Sutter floods as there was extensive damage in Yuba and Sutter counties.

Flying Tiger Line Flight 282

Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 refers to the crash of a Lockheed Super Constellation aircraft, N6915C, shortly after takeoff from San Francisco International Airport in the early morning hours of Thursday, December 24, 1964.

1964 Brinks Hotel bombing

The Brinks Hotel in Saigon, also known as the Brink Bachelor Officers Quarters (BOQ), was bombed by the Vietcong on the evening of 24 December 1964, during the Vietnam War. Two Vietcong operatives detonated a car bomb underneath the hotel, which housed United States Army officers. The explosion killed two Americans, an officer and an NCO, and injured approximately 60, including military personnel and Vietnamese civilians.

1966 Flying Tiger Line Canadair CL-44 crash

On December 24, 1966, a Flying Tiger Line Canadair CL-44 flying from Tachikawa Air Force Base in Japan to Da Nang Airport struck an obstacle, stalled, and crashed into Binh Thai village, killing all four crew members and 107 people on the ground. The flight was on a subcontract for the United States Air Force. This was the first fatal accident for the CL-44 and the deadliest as well.

Japan

Allegheny Airlines Flight 736

Allegheny Airlines Flight 736 was a regularly scheduled flight that crashed while attempting to land at Bradford Regional Airport in Bradford, Pennsylvania, on December 24, 1968. Of the 47 occupants on board, 20 were killed.

Pennsylvania, United States

Apollo 8 Genesis reading

On Christmas Eve, December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8, the first humans to orbit the Moon, read from the Hebrew Bible’s Book of Genesis during a television broadcast. During their ninth orbit of the Moon astronauts Bill Anders, Jim Lovell, and Frank Borman recited verses 1 through 10 of the Genesis creation narrative from the King James Bible.

Invasion of Umuahia

The Invasion of Umuahia (March 20-December 24, 1969) was a military conflict during the Biafran War between Nigerian and Biafran soldiers. The Invasion of Umuahia occurred during the final stages of the Civil War and happened eight months prior to the Biafran surrender.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

LANSA Flight 508

LANSA Flight 508 was a Lockheed L-188A Electra turboprop operated as a scheduled domestic passenger flight by Lineas Aéreas Nacionales Sociedad Anonima (LANSA) that crashed in a thunderstorm en route from Lima to Pucallpa in Peru on 24 December 1971, killing 91 people – all 6 crew on board and 85 of its 86 passengers.

Peru

1971 Italian presidential election

The 1971 Italian presidential election was held in Italy on 9–24 December 1971. Only members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1968 general election and in the 1970 regional elections. As head of state of the Italian Republic, the President has a role of representation of national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Italian Constitution, in the framework of a parliamentary system.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

District of Columbia Home Rule Act

The District of Columbia Home Rule Act is a United States federal law passed on December 24, 1973, which devolved certain congressional powers of the District of Columbia to local government, furthering District of Columbia home rule. In particular, it includes the District Charter (also called the Home Rule Charter), which provides for an elected mayor and the Council of the District of Columbia.

This entry records the signing, as dated in the source infobox.

1975 Monte Chingolo attack

On 23 December 1975, in what would be its last significant military action, the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), an Argentine Marxist–Leninist guerrilla, launched an assault on the 601st Arsenal Battalion, the largest in the country, in the city of Monte Chingolo, 14 km from Buenos Aires.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Rwandan presidential election, 1978

Presidential elections were held in Rwanda on 24 December 1978, a week after the country's new constitution was approved in a referendum. The constitution had made the country a one-party state with the National Revolutionary Movement for Development the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Juvénal Habyarimana, who had taken power in a coup in 1973, was the only candidate.

Rwanda

1979 Australian Open

The 1979 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne in Victoria in Australia and was held from 24 December 1979 through 2 January 1980. It was the 68th edition of the Australian Open and the fourth Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Argentinian Guillermo Vilas and American Barbara Jordan.

Australia

First Ariane 1 rocket launches from French Guiana

Ariane 1 made its first successful flight on December 24, 1979, from the European Space Agency’s spaceport at Kourou in French Guiana. The launch followed two earlier countdown attempts that were halted or postponed. It began Europe’s independent Ariane rocket programme.

French Guiana, France

CAAC Flight 2311

CAAC Flight 2311 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Changsha Datuopu Airport, in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China, to the former Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. On 24 December 1982, it was flown by an Ilyushin Il-18B (registered in China as B-202). After landing at Baiyun Airport, a fire in the cabin produced toxic smoke whereupon the crew stopped the aircraft on the runway and evacuated the passengers.

Aeroflot Flight 601

Aeroflot Flight 601 was a scheduled Soviet domestic passenger flight from Arkhangelsk to Leshukonskoye in the Russian SSR, operated by Aeroflot. The Antonov An-24RV that was involved crashed on 24 December 1983 during approach to Leshukonskoye. Forty-four people were killed; five survived the accident. Pilot error was cited as the cause of the accident.

Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 1984

The eighth legislative assembly election for Tamil Nadu was held on December 24, 1984. Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) won the election and its leader, incumbent M. G. Ramachandran (MGR) was sworn in as Chief Minister, for the third time. The election victory was mainly attributed to the sympathy wave created by Indira Gandhi's assassination and MGR's illness coupled with Rajiv Gandhi's popularity.

India

1984 Indian general election in Delhi

The 1984 Indian general election in Delhi was held to elect representatives of the 7 seats of the NCT of Delhi in the Lok Sabha. The Indian National Congress won all the seven seats of Delhi and won two-thirds of the votes. This was the second of three times in which the Congress won all seven seats of Delhi, the first time being in the 1971 Indian general election.

India

First Liberian Civil War

The First Liberian Civil War was the first of two civil wars within the West African nation of Liberia which lasted between 1989 and 1997. President Samuel Doe's regime of totalitarianism and widespread corruption led to calls for withdrawal of the support of the United States, by the late 1980s.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Liberia

1990 Surinamese coup d'état

The 1990 Surinamese coup d'état, usually referred to as the Telephone Coup (Dutch: De Telefooncoup), was a military coup in Suriname on 24 December 1990. The coup was carried out by the acting commander-in-chief of the Suriname National Army (SNL), Police Chief Ivan Graanoogst. As a result of the coup, President Ramsewak Shankar was dismissed from power, and parliament and government were disbanded.

Paramaribo, Suriname

Air France Flight 8969

Air France Flight 8969 (Operation Rock Climber) was an Air France Airbus A300 flight that was hijacked on 24 December 1994 at Houari Boumediene Airport, Algiers. The militants murdered three passengers and their intention was either to detonate the aircraft over the Eiffel Tower or the Tour Montparnasse in Paris. When the aircraft reached Marseille, the GIGN, a counterterrorism and hostage rescue unit of the French National Gendarmerie, stormed the plane and killed all four hijackers.

Algeria

1995 Kyrgyz presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 24 December 1995. The result was a victory for incumbent President Askar Akayev, who received 72% of the vote. Voter turnout was reported to be 86%. These were the first presidential elections in Kyrgyzstan since independence.

Kyrgyzstan

1995 Turkish general election

General elections were held in Turkey on Sunday 24 December 1995, triggered by the newly re-established Republican People's Party's (CHP) withdrawal from a coalition government with the True Path Party (DYP). The coalition had been in government for four years, having been formed by the Social Democratic Populist Party, the CHP's predecessor. The elections inaugurated a 550-member parliament, its largest membership.

Turkey

1996 New Hampshire Learjet 35 crash

On Christmas Eve 1996, a Learjet 35A business jet disappeared near Dorchester, New Hampshire, United States. The crash led to the longest missing aircraft search in the state's history, lasting almost three years. Media attention eventually resulted in congressional legislation mandating improved emergency locator transmitters (ELTs) be installed in U.S.-registered business jets.

Sid El-Antri massacre

The Sid El-Antri massacre was a mass killing of civilians in the hamlets of Shari and Sidi el Antar, near Tiaret, Algeria, on the night of 23-24 December 1997, during the Algerian Civil War. Contemporary reports gave sharply different casualty figures. Algerian authorities said that 48 people were killed near Tiaret, while newspaper reports placed the toll for the two hamlets at between 81 and 120 dead.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Indian Airlines Flight 814

Indian Airlines Flight 814, commonly known as IC 814, was an Indian Airlines Airbus A300 that was hijacked on 24 December 1999 by five members of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. The passenger flight, en route from Kathmandu to Delhi, was taken over shortly after it entered Indian airspace at about 16:53 IST. The aircraft had 190 occupants: 179 passengers and 11 crew members including Captain Devi Sharan, First Officer Rajinder Kumar, and Flight Engineer Anil Kumar Jaggia.

India · Nepal

2000 Russian gubernatorial elections

Gubernatorial elections in 2000 took place in 41 regions of the Russian Federation. Four years after the campaign of 1996 nearly a half of 89 governors' seats were contested again. In January, the second rounds of the December 1999 elections took place in Moscow, Novosibirsk and Tver Oblasts. In seven regions, the elections were moved to the federal election day on 26 March 2000 due to cost reasons.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Russia

Chad–Sudan relations: Chad declares a state of belligerence against Sudan following a December 18 attack on Adré, which left about 100 people dead

The populations of eastern Chad and western Sudan established social and religious ties long before either nation's independence, and these remained strong despite disputes between governments. In recent times, relations have been strained due to the conflict in Darfur and a civil war in Chad, which both governments accuse the other of supporting.

The Lord's Resistance Army, a Ugandan rebel group, begins a series of attacks against civilians in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, massacring more than 400

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) is a Christian extremist and Acholi nationalist organization operating in Central and East Africa. Its origins were in the Ugandan insurgency (1986–1994) against Yoweri Museveni, during which Joseph Kony founded the LRA in 1987. The group relied heavily on the abduction of pre-teens to fill its ranks, utilizing child soldiers as both frontline combatants and forced porters.

2012 Empress's Cup final

2012 Empress's Cup Final was the 34th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at Omiya Football Stadium in Saitama on December 24, 2012. INAC Kobe Leonessa won the championship.

2015 West African offensive

Starting in late January 2015, a coalition of West African troops launched an offensive against the Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

2017 Empress's Cup final

2017 Empress's Cup Final was the 39th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at Osaka Nagai Stadium in Osaka on December 24, 2017. Nippon TV Beleza won the championship.

2018 Puebla helicopter crash

On December 24, 2018, a helicopter carrying Martha Érika Alonso Hidalgo, the newly elected governor of the Mexican state of Puebla, and her husband, senator and former governor Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas, crashed on a hill in Coronango near the city of Puebla. All five people on board the helicopter were killed in the crash: Alonso, Moreno, the two pilots, Captain Roberto Coppe Obregón and Captain Marco Antonio Tavera Romero, and an assistant to the senator.

Arbinda attack

On December 24, 2019, militants from the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara attacked the Burkinabe government military base in Arbinda, Sahel Region, Burkina Faso along with the town of Arbinda itself. The attack was halted due to French and Burkinabe air intervention, although 35 civilians were killed in the jihadists' massacre. The Arbinda attack was the deadliest incident in the jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso in several years.

Burkina Faso

Mo So massacre

The Mo So Massacre, also known as the Christmas Eve Massacre, was a mass killing of civilians that occurred on the afternoon of 24 December 2021, in Hpruso Township in Kayah State, Myanmar. During the massacre, Myanmar Army troops killed and burned over forty people. The following day, the Karenni Nationalities Defence Force (KNDF) found the victims burned in their vehicles.

Myanmar