12月31日发生过什么？

Crossing of the Rhine

The crossing of the Rhine by a mixed group of Germanic and Sarmatian tribes which included Vandals, Alans and Suebi is traditionally considered to have occurred on 31 December 406. The crossing transgressed one of the Late Roman Empire's most secure limes or boundaries; as such, it has been considered a climactic moment in the decline of the empire.

The crossing of the Rhine by a mixed group of Germanic and Sarmatian tribes which included Vandals, Alans and Suebi is traditionally considered to have occurred on 31 December 406.

Battle of Englefield

The Battle of Englefield was a battle on 31 December 870 at Englefield, near Reading in what is now the English county of Berkshire. It was one of a series of battles, with honours to both sides, that took place following an invasion of the then kingdom of Wessex by an army of Danes, during which the Danes had established a camp at Reading. Both battle and campaign are described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Three days after their arrival in Reading, a party of Danes, led by two of their earls, rode out towards Englefield.

Englefield, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Battle of Englefield: The Vikings clash with ealdorman Æthelwulf of Berkshire. The invaders are driven back to Reading (East Anglia); many Danes are killed

Æthelwulf of Berkshire (before 825 – 4 January, 871) was a Saxon ealdorman. In 860 he and other men of Berkshire fought off a band of pirates near Winchester, Hampshire. Later he mustered a force of 1400 men against an army of Danes, won the 31 December 870 Battle of Englefield on behalf of the then kingdom of Wessex.

Sack of Aleppo (962)

The sack of Aleppo in December 962 was carried out by the Byzantine Empire under Nikephoros Phokas. Aleppo was the capital of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla, the Byzantines' chief antagonist at the time.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV is forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Henry V, in Ingelheim

The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.

James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon, enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as Palma de Mallorca, Spain), thus consummating the Christian reconquest of the island of Mallorca

James I the Conqueror (Catalan: Jaume I or Jaume el Conqueridor; Aragonese: Chaime I o Conqueridor; 2 February 1208 – 27 July 1276) was the 11th King of Aragon, 38th Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and King of Valencia from 1238 to 1276.

Siege of Mirandola (1321)

The siege of Mirandola in 1321, also known as the siege of Duke Passerino, was a military conflict involving Francesco I Pico, first lord of Mirandola, against Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi, better known as Duke Passerino, lord of Mantua.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

First Battle of Cannanore

The naval battle of Cannanore (1501/1502) (First Battle of Cannanore) was a naval engagement between the Third Portuguese Armada under João da Nova and the naval forces of Calicut, which had been assembled by the Zamorin against the Portuguese in order to prevent their return to Portugal. The battle took over two days between 31 December 1501 and 2 January 1502, and was the first major Portuguese naval engagement in the Indian Ocean. Although badly outnumbered, da Nova's bold tactics, better trained and prepared men and superior weaponry proved decisive for the Portuguese to defeat the blocking force of Calicut, break out of Cannanore, and emerge victorious from the battle.

Kannur, India

Battle of Novhorod-Siverskyi

The Battle of Novgorod-Seversky was the first major battle of False Dmitry I against Boris Godunov.

The expedition of John Narborough leaves Corral Bay, having surveyed the coast and lost four hostages to the Spanish

Corral Bay is a bay in the mouth of the Valdivia River, southern Chile. Its main towns are Corral and Niebla. The mouth of the bay is between Juan Latorre point and Morro Gonzalo, with a width of 5.5 km. All the year the bay is transited by merchant, transport and fish boats. The bay is famous for being one of the most fortified bays in Spanish America in colonial time (see: Valdivian Fort System).

Battle of Quebec (1775)

The Battle of Quebec (French: Bataille de Québec) was fought on December 31, 1775, between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of Quebec City as part of the invasion of Quebec of the American Revolutionary War. The battle was the first major defeat of the war for the Americans, and it came with heavy losses.

Battle of Cerrito

The Battle of Cerrito (outskirts of Montevideo, 31 December 1812), was a battle for the War of Independence of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, between the royalist forces who had control of the city of Montevideo and the rebel forces of the government of Buenos Aires.

Montevideo, Uruguay

First siege of Missolonghi

The first siege of Missolonghi (Greek: Πρώτη πολιορκία του Μεσολογγίου) was an attempt by Ottoman forces to capture the strategically located port town of Missolonghi during the early stages of the Greek War of Independence.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Greece

Battle of Withlacoochee

The Battle of Withlacoochee took place during the Second Seminole War on December 31, 1835, along the Withlacoochee River in modern Citrus County, Florida.

Florida, United States

1851 Chilean revolution

The Revolution of 1851 was an attempt by Chilean liberals to overthrow the conservative government of president Manuel Montt and repeal the Chilean Constitution of 1833. After various battles and sieges, by late December 1851 government forces had subdued the revolutionaries.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Chile

Battle of Cetate

The Battle of Cetate was fought during the Crimean War. In this battle a large Ottoman force under Ahmed Pasha unsuccessfully attempted to capture the village of Cetate which was controlled by Russian Colonel Alexander Baumgarten.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Canton (1857)

The Battle of Canton (Chinese: 廣州城戰役) was fought by British and French forces against Qing China on 28–31 December 1857 during the Second Opium War. The British High Commissioner, Lord Elgin, was keen to take the city of Canton (Guangzhou) as a demonstration of power and to capture Chinese official Ye Mingchen, who had resisted British attempts to implement the 1842 Treaty of Nanking.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

Battle of Stones River

The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Of the major battles of the Civil War, Stones River had the highest percentage of casualties on both sides. Although the battle itself was inconclusive, the Union Army's repulse of two Confederate attacks and the subsequent Confederate withdrawal were a much-needed boost to Union morale after the defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg, and it dashed Confederate aspirations for control of Middle Tennessee.

Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States · Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States

Battle of Parker's Cross Roads

The Battle of Parker's Cross Roads was fought on December 31, 1862, in Henderson County, Tennessee, during the American Civil War.

Tennessee, United States

American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an enabling act that would admit West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War, defeating the Confederacy and playing a major role in the abolition of slavery. Born in a one-room log cabin in Kentucky, Lincoln was raised on the frontier.

Siege of Ngatapa

The siege of Ngatapa was an engagement that took place from 31 December 1868 to 5 January 1869 during Te Kooti's War in the East Coast region of New Zealand. Te Kooti's War was part of the New Zealand Wars, a series of conflicts between the British, the local authorities and their Māori allies on one side, and several Māori iwi (tribes) on the other, that took place from 1843 to 1872.

Battle of Tashkessen

The Battle of Tashkessen or Battle of Tashkesan (Turkish: Taşkesen Muharebesi) was a battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire on December 31, 1877, in what is now Bulgaria.

Bulgaria

Battle of Sofia

The Battle of Sofia (Bulgarian: Битката при София) was the culmination of Russian General Iosif Gurko's Western Squad for the defeat of the Orhaniye army in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). It led to the liberation of Sofia from Turkish rule.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Bulgaria

Battle of Pateros

The Battle of Pateros refers to a series of skirmishes between Spanish troops and revolutionary forces in the towns of Las Piñas, Taguig and Pateros in Manila. These skirmishes occurred shortly after the execution of José Rizal and are considered the renewal of hostilities in Luzon after a period of ceasefire from the Battle of Binakayan to the Rizal execution.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Cuban general election, 1901

General elections were held in Cuba on 31 December 1901. Tomás Estrada Palma won the presidential election, whilst the National Party emerged as the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 27 of the 63 seats. Voter turnout was 63.5%.

Cuba

Persian Constitution of 1906

The Persian Constitution of 1906 (Persian: قانون اساسی مشروطه, romanized: Qānun-e Asāsi-ye Mashrute), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Iran (Persia) and a result of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. It was written by Hassan Pirnia, Hossein Pirnia, Esmail Momtaz od-Dowleh, among others; and granted by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar as one of his final acts. The Constitution was also in effect during Pahlavi Iran.

Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signs the Persian Constitution of 1906.

Battle of Vilnius (January 1919)

The Battle of Vilnius in January 1919 (Polish: Walki o Wilno, Russian: Сражения за Вильно) were a series of battles fought in Vilnius between the pro-Polish Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus who were initially against the Imperial German Army retreating from the city and the Bolshevik paramilitaries (December 31, 1918 – January 3, 1919) and then against the attacking Red Army (January 4–5, 1919).

Vilnius, Lithuania

Slutsk uprising

The Slutsk uprising (Belarusian: Слуцкае паўстанне, romanized: Sluckaje paŭstannie) or the Slutsk defence, or Slitsk military action (Belarusian: Слуцкі збройны чын, romanized: Slucki zbrojny čyn) was an unsuccessful armed attempt to establish an independent Belarus. It took place in late 1920, near the end of the Polish-Soviet War, in the region of the town of Slutsk.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Belarus

Battle of Achuapa

The Battle of Achuapa, or the Achuapa massacre, took place on December 31, 1930 during the American occupation of Nicaragua of 1926–1933. The engagement took place when a ten-man unit of American Marines led by Sergeant Arthur M. Palrang were ambushed by Sandinista forces led by Miguel Angel Ortez after leaving Ocotal to repair the telephone line with San Fernando. Eight Marines were killed in the firefight (including Palrang), with the two survivors being wounded. It was the largest loss of American life in a single battle during the occupation of Nicaragua.

Nicaragua

Castilblanco events

The Castilblanco events were a confrontation between local peasants and the Civil Guard that took place in the Spanish town of Castilblanco on 31 December 1931.

Spain

Aceituna Campaign

The Aceituna Campaign took place during the Spanish Civil War in 1936. In December 1936, the Nationalists launched an offensive in order to occupy the town of Andújar. The Nationalists occupied 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) and defeated the Republican Army at Lopera, but failed to occupy Andújar.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Battle of the Barents Sea

The Battle of the Barents Sea was a World War II naval engagement on 31 December 1942 between warships of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) and British ships escorting Convoy JW 51B to Kola Inlet in the USSR. The action took place in the Barents Sea north of North Cape, Norway.

Gorodok offensive

The Gorodok offensive (Russian: Городокская наступательная операция) was an offensive operation by the Red Army's 1st Baltic Front against German forces of the 3rd Panzer Army around the town of Gorodok in northeastern Belorussia between 13 and 31 December 1943 on the Eastern Front of World War II The offensive had the goal of eliminating the Gorodok salient, encircling and destroying the 3rd Panzer Army, and capture Gorodok and Vitebsk.

Operation Northwind (1944)

Operation Northwind (German: Unternehmen Nordwind) was the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front. Northwind was launched to support the German Ardennes offensive campaign in the Battle of the Bulge, which by late December 1944 had decisively turned against the German forces. It began on 31 December 1944 in Rhineland-Palatinate, Alsace and Lorraine in southwestern Germany and northeastern France, and ended on 25 January 1945.

Alsace, France

Oslo Mosquito raid (1944)

The Oslo Mosquito raid (1944) was a Second World War air raid carried out by the British Royal Air Force that targeted the Nazi Gestapo headquarters in Oslo, Norway. The raid was carried out using 12 twin-engined De Havilland Mosquito bomber aircraft on 31 December 1944. The RAF attacked the Gestapo headquarters, which were housed in buildings on Victoria Terrasse, with 500lb and 1000lb bombs.

Norway

Battle of Pearl Ridge

The Battle of Pearl Ridge (30–31 December 1944) was an engagement of the Second World War fought between Australian and Japanese forces on Bougainville Island. Part of the wider Bougainville Campaign, the battle took place in the central sector of the island, shortly after the Australians had taken over responsibility from the Americans.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Guanzhong (1946–1947)

The Battle of Guanzhong (关中战斗) was fought between the nationalists and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era and resulted in CCP victory. In the southern front of the nationalist dominated region bordering the revolutionary base area in Shaanxi – Gansu – Ningxia, the CCP controlled region in Guanzhong had formed a bulge that the nationalists had long planned to eliminate.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

Third Battle of Seoul

The Third Battle of Seoul, also known as the Chinese New Year's Offensive, the January–Fourth Retreat (Korean: 1•4 후퇴) or the Third Phase Campaign Western Sector (Chinese: 第三次战役西线; pinyin: Dì Sān Cì Zhàn Yì Xī Xiàn), was a battle of the Korean War, which took place from December 31, 1950 to January 7, 1951 around the South Korean capital of Seoul. In the aftermath of the major Chinese victory at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, the United Nations Command started to contemplate the possibility of evacuation from the Korean Peninsula.

Seoul, South Korea

First and second battles of Wonju

The First and Second Battles of Wonju (French: Bataille de Wonju), also known as the Wonju Campaign or the Third Phase Campaign Eastern Sector (Chinese: 第三次战役东线; pinyin: Dì Sān Cì Zhàn Yì Dōng Xiàn), was a series of engagements between North Korean and United Nations (UN) forces during the Korean War. The battle took place from December 31, 1950, to January 20, 1951, around the South Korean town of Wonju.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

South Korea

Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état

The Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état was a coup d'état staged by Jean-Bédel Bokassa, leader of the Central African Republic (CAR) army, and his military officers against the government of President David Dacko on 31 December 1965 and 1 January 1966. Dacko, Bokassa's cousin, took over the country in 1960, and Bokassa, a military officer in the French army, joined the CAR army in 1962. By 1965, the country was in turmoil—plagued by corruption and slow economic growth, while its borders were breached by rebels from neighboring countries. Dacko obtained financial aid from the communist People's Republic of China, but despite this support, the country's problems persisted.

Central African Republic

MacRobertson Miller Airlines Flight 1750

On 31 December 1968 a Vickers Viscount aircraft departed from Perth, Western Australia for a flight of 724 nautical miles (1341 km) to Port Hedland. The aircraft crashed 28 nautical miles (52 km) short of its destination with the loss of all twenty-six people on board.

The first flight of the Tupolev Tu-144, the first civilian supersonic transport in the world

The Tupolev Tu-144 (Russian: Tyполев Ту-144; NATO reporting name: Charger) is a Soviet supersonic passenger airliner designed by Tupolev that operated commercially from 1975 to 1983, including 1977–1978 passenger service. The Tu-144 was the world's first commercial supersonic transport aircraft with its prototype's maiden flight from Zhukovsky Airport on 31 December 1968, two months before the British-French Concorde.

On December 31, 1972, Clemente was killed when his Douglas DC-7 airplane, which he had chartered for a flight to deliver emergency relief goods for the survivors of a massive earthquake in Nicaragua, crashed and plunged into the water off the coast of Isla Verde, Puerto Rico

Roberto Enrique Clemente Walker (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈβeɾto enˈrike kleˈmente (ɣ)walˈkeɾ]; August 18, 1934 – December 31, 1972) was a Puerto Rican professional baseball player who played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, primarily as a right fielder.

1973 Israeli municipal elections

Municipal elections took place in Israel on 31 December 1973, having been delayed from their original date on 30 October because of the Yom Kippur War. They were the last municipal elections to take place on the date of a legislative election, and the first in which the newly formed Likud participated.

Israel

1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election

The 1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election took place in a single phase on 31 December 1977 to elect the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) from each of the 60 Assembly Constituencies in Tripura, India. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), led Left Front won the election by 56 seats and formed a Government in Tripura.

India

Operation Cahaya

Operation Cahaya (lit. 'Light'; Indonesian: Operasi Cahaya) was a military operation launched by Indonesia with the objective of capturing several top leaders of Fretilin and attacking the group's main base on Mount Matebian. The operation is also regarded as the last major Indonesian offensive in East Timor following Operation Seroja and the Battle of Dili.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Timor-Leste

1980 Australian Hard Court Championships

The 1980 Australian Hard Court Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament that was part of the 1980 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 36th edition of the event and was held in Hobart, Australia from 31 December 1979 until 6 January 1980 and played on outdoor hardcourts. Unseeded Shlomo Glickstein won the singles title.

Australia

1981 Ghanaian coup d'état

The 1981 Ghanaian coup d'état was a successful government takeover in Ghana led by Air Force Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings, overthrowing the administration of President Hilla Limann and establishing the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC), with Jerry Rawlings assuming leadership of the country. The second of two coups to be orchestrated by Jerry Rawlings (the first taking place in 1979), the 1981 coup d'état was motivated by Rawling's dissatisfaction with the management of the country under the Limann administration, as Ghana's economic situation, plagued by spiraling foreign debt and hyperinflation, continued to deteriorate without any real promised political change. Thus, on December 31, 1981, Jerry Rawlings intervened once again in a leftist-backed coup, replacing the government with the PNDC and seeking to transform the country into a Marxist state.

Ghana

1983 Nigerian coup d'état

The Nigerian military coup of December 31, 1983 was coordinated by key officers of the Nigerian military, led to the ouster of the democratically elected government of President Shehu Shagari, and the installation of Major General Muhammadu Buhari as Head of State.

Nigeria

On 31 December 1985, the Taipei World Trade Center had its inaugural exhibition for IT Month, which coincided with the opening of the Exhibition Hall

The Taipei World Trade Center (TWTC; Chinese: 臺北世界貿易中心; pinyin: Táiběi Shìjiè Màoyì Zhōngxīn) was inaugurated in January 1986 by Taiwan's foremost trade promotion organization, the Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA), to provide a single, modern venue that would combine exhibition space, conference facilities, offices, and hotel accommodation for international business. TWTC combines every possible service that brings together a vast consulting service on trade-related issues, trading partners, suppliers, and markets.

Three disgruntled employees set fire to the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, killing more than 90 people and injuring 140 others, making it the second-deadliest hotel fire in American history

On New Year's Eve, December 31, 1986, three disgruntled employees of the Dupont Plaza Hotel (now San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino) in San Juan, Puerto Rico, intentionally set a fire. The employees (Héctor Escudero, Armando Jiménez, and José Rivera) were involved in a labor dispute with the owners. The fire killed between 96 and 98 people and injured 140 others.

1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships

The 1991 Australian Men's Hardcourt Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts in Adelaide, Australia and was part of the ATP World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held from 31 December 1990 to 7 January 1991. Nicklas Kulti won his only title of the year, and the 1st of his career.

Adelaide, Australia

1991 BP National Championships

The 1991 BP National Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Wellington in New Zealand and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 31 December 1990 through 6 January 1991. Third-seeded Richard Fromberg won the singles title.

New Zealand

1991 Danone Women's Open

The 1991 Danone Women's Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Milton Tennis Centre in Brisbane in Australia and was part of the Tier IV category of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 31 December 1990 through 6 January 1991. Second-seeded Helena Suková won the singles title.

Brisbane, Australia

1994 Hopman Cup

The 1994 Hopman Cup was the sixth edition of the Hopman Cup that was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex, in Perth, Western Australia. Jana Novotná and Petr Korda of the Czech Republic defeated Anke Huber and Bernd Karbacher of Germany in the final to win the title.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Assault on the presidential palace in Grozny

The assault on the presidential palace in Grozny was a combat episode of the First Chechen War (1994–1996), which occurred during the assault on Grozny by Russian federal troops. It took place from 31 December 1994 until 19 January 1995. The battle ended when the building was finally captured by Russian forces.

Grozny, Russia

1995 Hopman Cup

The 1995 Hopman Cup was the seventh edition of the Hopman Cup that was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex, in Perth, Western Australia.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

The final comic of Calvin and Hobbes is published

Calvin and Hobbes is an American daily comic strip created by cartoonist Bill Watterson and syndicated from November 18, 1985, to December 31, 1995. The strip centers on Calvin, a six-year-old boy characterized by his vivid imagination and rowdy behavior, and Hobbes, his stuffed tiger, who is a sentient being to Calvin but a regular toy to everyone else.

1996 Hopman Cup

The 1996 Hopman Cup was the eighth edition of the Hopman Cup that was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex, in Perth, Western Australia.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Provide Comfort

Operation Provide Comfort and Provide Comfort II were military operations initiated by the United States and other Coalition nations of the Persian Gulf War, starting in April 1991, to defend Kurdish refugees fleeing their homes in northern Iraq in the aftermath of the Gulf War, and to deliver humanitarian aid to them. The no-fly zone instituted to help bring this about would become one of the main factors allowing the development of the autonomous Kurdistan Region.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

1997 Pakistani presidential election

An indirect presidential election was held on 31 December 1997 in Pakistan. The Electoral College of Pakistan – a joint sitting of the Senate, National Assembly and Provincial Assemblies – elected a new president after the resignation of President Farooq Leghari. As required by the constitution, Wasim Sajjad (in his position as Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan) automatically became acting president on 2 December 1997, upon the resignation of Leghari.

Pakistan

EU Council fixes the first euro conversion rates

On December 31, 1998, the European Union Council adopted irrevocable conversion rates between the euro and the national currencies of the first eleven euro-area countries. The rates took effect at midnight on January 1, 1999, when the euro was introduced as a currency.

Adoption of conversion rates on December 31; the euro took effect January 1.

Indian Airlines Flight 814

Indian Airlines Flight 814, commonly known as IC 814, was an Indian Airlines Airbus A300 that was hijacked on 24 December 1999 by five members of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. The passenger flight, en route from Kathmandu to Delhi, was taken over shortly after it entered Indian airspace at about 16:53 IST. The aircraft had 190 occupants: 179 passengers and 11 crew members including Captain Devi Sharan, First Officer Rajinder Kumar, and Flight Engineer Anil Kumar Jaggia.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

The first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, resigns from office, leaving Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the acting President and successor

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999, having previously served as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR from 1990 to 1991. He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1961 to 1990.

2000 Libyan Super Cup

The 2000 Libyan Super Cup was the fourth edition of the Super Cup, and was meant to be played on December 31, 2000, between LPL winners Al Ahly Tripoli and Libyan Cup runners-up Al Swihli at the Rajab Omar Stadium in Tripoli. This was a repeat of the Libyan Cup final that was played in the same year.

Libya

2002 Qatar Open

The 2002 Qatar Open, known as the 2002 Qatar ExxonMobil Open, for sponsorship reasons, was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Khalifa International Tennis Complex in Doha in Qatar and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from December 31, 2001 through January 6, 2002.

Doha, Qatar

2002 Tata Open

The 2002 Tata Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the SDAT Tennis Stadium in Chennai in India and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from December 31, 2001 through January 6, 2002.

India

2002 AAPT Championships

The 2002 AAPT Championships was a men's ATP tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Adelaide in Australia and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It was the 25th edition of the tournament and ran from 31 December 2001 through 6 January 2002. Tim Henman won the singles title.

Adelaide, Australia

K-1 PREMIUM 2003 Dynamite!!

K-1 PREMIUM 2003 Dynamite!! was an annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 on New Year's Eve, Wednesday, December 31, 2003 at the Nagoya Dome in Nagoya, Japan. It featured 6 K-1 MMA rules fights, and 4 K-1 rules fights. The event attracted a sellout crowd of 43,560 to the Nagoya Dome, and was broadcast across Japan on the TBS Network.

K-1 PREMIUM 2004 Dynamite!!

K-1 PREMIUM 2004 Dynamite!! was an annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 on New Year's Eve, Friday, December 31, 2004 at the Osaka Dome in Osaka, Japan. It featured 7 K-1 MMA rules fights, 3 K-1 rules fights, and a special mixed K-1 & MMA Rules fight. The event attracted a sellout crowd of 52,918 to the Osaka Dome, and was broadcast across Japan on the TBS Network. In the main event, Royce Gracie defeated Sumo legend Akebono in a K-1 MMA Rules match.

Osaka, Japan

It was officially classified as the world's tallest building from its opening on 31 December 2004 until it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa in 2009

Taipei 101 (Chinese: 台北101; pinyin: Táiběi Yīlíngyī; stylized in all caps), formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a 508-meter (1,667 ft), 101-story skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It is owned by the Taipei Financial Center Corporation. It was officially classified as the world's tallest building from its opening on 31 December 2004, until it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa in 2009.

K-1 PREMIUM 2005 Dynamite!!

K-1 PREMIUM 2005 Dynamite!! was an annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 and Hero's on New Year's Eve, Sunday, December 31, 2005 at the Osaka Dome in Osaka, Japan. It featured 7 HERO'S MMA rules fights, and 4 K-1 rules fights. The event attracted a sellout crowd of 53,025 to the Osaka Dome, and was broadcast across Japan on the TBS Network. In the main event, Norifumi "KID" Yamamoto defeated Genki Sudo in the finals of the Hero's Middleweight Tournament to become the first HERO'S Middleweight Champion.

Osaka, Japan

K-1 PREMIUM 2006 Dynamite!!

K-1 PREMIUM 2006 Dynamite!! was an annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 and Hero's on New Year's Eve, Sunday, December 31, 2006 at the Kyocera Dome Osaka in Osaka, Japan. It featured 10 HERO'S MMA rules fights, and 4 K-1 rules fights. The event attracted a sellout crowd of 51,930 to the Kyocera Dome Osaka, and was broadcast live across Japan on the TBS Network. The main event between Kazushi Sakuraba and Yoshihiro Akiyama was ruled to be a No Contest after it was determined that Akiyama had applied an illegal substance. Dynamite!!

Osaka, Japan

Battle of Jilib

The Battle of Jilib was a battle in the 2006 Somali War fought by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and affiliated militias against Ethiopian and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces for control of the town of Jilib. It began on 31 December 2006, when ICU forces dug in and defended the town to prevent approach to Kismayo, the last stronghold of the ICU.

Somalia

Pride Shockwave 2006

Pride Shockwave 2006 was a mixed martial arts event held by Pride Fighting Championships on December 31, 2006. In Japan, this event was called Pride Otoko Matsuri 2006: Fumetsu (Pride男祭り2006 -Fumetsu-). Fumetsu (不滅) means "immortal" or "undying."

Japan

Indy Summit 2006

Indy Summit 2006: Countdown Pro-Wrestling (インディー・サミット2006〜カウントダウンプロレス〜, Indī Samitto 2006: Kauntodaun Puroresu) was a Japanese professional wrestling event co-produced by Apache Pro-Wrestling Army, Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT), Pro-Wrestling El Dorado, International Wrestling Association of Japan (IWA Japan), Kaientai Dojo (K-Dojo), Michinoku Pro Wrestling (M-Pro) and Osaka Pro Wrestling (OPW) on December 31, 2006 at Korakuen Hall, with the participation of wrestlers from Battlarts, Wrestling of Darkness 666, Toryumon Mexico, Dragon Gate (DG), World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW).

Tokyo, Japan

2006 Bangkok bombings

The 2006 Bangkok bombings occurred on 31 December 2006 and 1 January 2007, during New Year's Eve festivities in Bangkok, Thailand. Four explosions went off almost simultaneously in different parts of the city at around 18:00 local time (11:00 UTC), followed by several more explosions within the next 90 minutes. Two explosions also occurred after midnight. In total, eight explosions were reported during the night.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Thailand

2008 Qatar Open

The 2008 Qatar Open, known as the 2008 Qatar ExxonMobil Open, for sponsorship reasons, was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis Complex in Doha, Qatar, from December 31, 2007 through January 5, 2008. The men's singles field was led by ATP No. 4, US Open semifinalist and Moscow champion Nikolay Davydenko, Metz titlist Tommy Robredo, and St. Petersburg winner and 2007 Doha runner-up Andy Murray.

Doha, Qatar

Yarennoka!

Yarennoka! (Japanese pronunciation: [jaɽennoka]) was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event that took place on December 31, 2007 at the Saitama Super Arena in Tokyo, Japan. The event was promoted by the Yarrenoka! Executive Committee, composed of former Pride Fighting Championships executives, and held in association with Fighting and Entertainment Group, DEEP, and M-1 Global. The event aired on HDNet and was billed as "Fedor Returns" in the United States; while it was shown on SKY Perfect, a Japanese pay per view network. It was headlined by a fight between former Pride heavyweight champion and 2004 heavyweight Grand Prix champion Fedor Emelianenko and K-1 2007 World Grand Prix Finalist Hong-Man Choi.

Japan

K-1 PREMIUM 2007 Dynamite!!

K-1 PREMIUM 2007 Dynamite!! was an annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 and Hero's on New Year's Eve, Monday December 31, 2007 at the Kyocera Dome Osaka in Osaka, Japan. It featured 7 HERO'S MMA rules fights, 4 K-1 rules fights, and 4 fights in the K-1 Under 18 Tournament. The event attracted a sellout crowd of 47,918 to the Kyocera Dome Osaka, and was broadcast live across Japan on the TBS Network. A fight between Sergei Kharitonov and Mighty Mo was scheduled to take place, but Mo was forced to withdraw due to leg injuries incurred during his last fight in K-1.

Osaka, Japan

Pro-Wrestling Summit in Korakuen

Pro-Wrestling Summit in Korakuen (プロレスサミット in KORAKUEN, Puroresu Samitto in Kōrakuen) was a Japanese professional wrestling event co-produced by Apache Pro-Wrestling Army, Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT), International Wrestling Association of Japan (IWA Japan), Kaientai Dojo (K-Dojo), Michinoku Pro Wrestling (M-Pro) and Osaka Pro Wrestling (OPW) on December 31, 2007 at Korakuen Hall, with the participation of wrestlers from All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Battlarts, Big Mouth Loud (BML), Dragon Gate (DG), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), Pancrase Mission, Pro-Wrestling El Dorado, Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max, Toryumon Mexico, Union Pro-Wrestling, Wrestling Marvelous Future (WMF) and Wrestling of Darkness 666.

Tokyo, Japan

Pro-Wrestling Summit 2008

Pro-Wrestling Summit 2008: Countdown Pro-Wrestling (プロレスサミット2008〜カウントダウンプロレス〜, Puroresu Samitto 2008: Kauntodaun Puroresu) was a Japanese professional wrestling event co-produced by Apache Pro-Wrestling Army, Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT), International Wrestling Association of Japan (IWA Japan), Kaientai Dojo (K-Dojo), Michinoku Pro Wrestling (M-Pro) and Osaka Pro Wrestling (OPW) on December 31, 2008, at Korakuen Hall, with the participation of wrestlers from All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Battlarts, Dradition, Dragon Gate (DG), Hustle, New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), Okinawa Pro-Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, Pro Wrestling Zero1 and Union Pro-Wrestling.

Tokyo, Japan

Dynamite!! 2008

Dynamite!! 2008 was the annual kickboxing and mixed martial arts event held by K-1 & DREAM on New Year's Eve, Wednesday, December 31, 2008, at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. It featured eleven DREAM mixed martial arts rules fights in a variety of weight classes, four K-1 rules fights, and the inaugural K-1 KOSHIEN Under 18 high school tournament.

Battle of Tlemsess

Between December 31, 2009, and January 1, 2010, clashes broke out between Nigerien forces and unknown gunmen in Tlemsess, Tahoua Region, Niger.

Niger

December 2009 lunar eclipse

A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Thursday, 31 December 2009, with an umbral magnitude of 0.0779. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra.

Dynamite!! 2009

Dynamite!! 2009 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group, held in the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan on December 31, 2009. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, Sengoku Raiden Championship, K-1, and K-1 World MAX banners. The event aired on HDNet in North America. The event had the conclusion of the U18 K-1 KOSHIEN 62 kg Class Tournament.

Dynamite!! 2010

Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!!

Japan

Fight For Japan: Genki Desu Ka Omisoka 2011

Fight For Japan: Genki Desu Ka Omisoka 2011, also known as Fight for Japan. How are you! New Year! 2011 was a mixed martial arts, puroresu and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by FEG, M-1 Global and the Inoki Genome Federation that took place on December 31, 2011 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan.

2012 Hopman Cup

The Hopman Cup XXIV (also known as the Hyundai Hopman Cup for sponsorship reasons) corresponds to the 24th edition of the Hopman Cup tournament between nations in men's and women's tennis. The tournament commenced on 31 December 2011 at the Burswood Dome in Perth, Western Australia. Eight teams competed for the title, with two round robin groups of four, from which the top team of each group progressed to the final.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

2011 Battle of Beledweyne

In December 2011, Ethiopian forces recaptured the central Somali town of Beledweyne from Al-Shabaab fighters.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

2013 Internationaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie

The 2013 Internationaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia between 31 December 2012 and 6 January 2013.

New Caledonia

2013 Qatar Open

The 2013 Qatar Open (also known as 2013 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 21st edition of the Qatar Open, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2013 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, from December 31, 2012 through January 5, 2013.

Doha, Qatar

2013 WTA Shenzhen Open

The 2013 Shenzhen Open (known as 2013 Shenzhen Gemdale Open for sponsorship reason) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the inaugural edition of the Shenzhen Open, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at the Shenzhen Longgang Sports Center in Shenzhen, China, from 31 December 2012 to 6 January 2013.

People's Republic of China

2013 ASB Classic

The 2013 ASB Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 28th edition of the ASB Classic, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2013 WTA Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 31 December 2012 to 6 January 2013.

New Zealand

2013 Aberto de São Paulo

The 2013 Aberto de São Paulo was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 13th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in São Paulo, Brazil between 31 December 2012 and 6 January 2013.

Brazil

2012 Hama offensive

The 2012 Hama offensive was a military operation during the Syrian Civil War launched by the Syrian opposition on 16 December 2012, with the intent of taking control of the Hama Province. The offensive was stopped after the Syrian Army launched a counter-offensive, leaving the rebels in control of only half a dozen towns and villages in the north of the province.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Likud leadership election, 2014

A leadership election was held by the Likud party on 31 December 2014. It was won by incumbent Prime Minister and leader of Likud Benjamin Netanyahu.

Israel

2014 Shanghai stampede

On 31 December 2014, a deadly crush occurred in Shanghai, near Chen Yi Square on the Bund, where around 300,000 people had gathered for the new year celebration. Thirty-six people were killed and another 49 were injured, and of those 49 injured, 13 were injured seriously.

World Series of Fighting 34: Gaethje vs. Firmino

World Series of Fighting 34: Gaethje vs. Firmino was a mixed martial arts event promoted by the World Series of Fighting that was held on December 31, 2016 at The Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. The event was set to air live in prime time on NBC.

New York City, United States

2018 Brisbane International

The 2018 Brisbane International was a tennis tournament on the 2018 ATP World Tour and 2018 WTA Tour. It was played on outdoor hard courts in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson. It was held from 31 December 2017 to 7 January 2018 as part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year.

Brisbane, Australia

PFL 11 (2018)

The PFL 11 mixed martial arts event for the 2018 season of the Professional Fighters League, the PFL 2018 Championship, was held on December 31, 2018, at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York.

New York City, United States

2019 Tata Open Maharashtra

The 2019 Tata Open Maharashtra was a 2019 ATP Tour men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 24th edition of the only ATP tournament played in India and took place in Pune, India, from 31 December 2018 through 5 January 2019. First-seeded Kevin Anderson won the singles title.

Pune, India

2019 Qatar ExxonMobil Open

The 2019 Qatar Open (also known as 2019 Qatar ExxonMobil Open for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 27th edition of the Qatar Open, and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2019 ATP Tour. It took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha, Qatar, from 31 December 2018 until 5 January 2019.

Doha, Qatar

2019 ASB Classic

The 2019 Auckland Open (sponsored by ASB Bank) was a joint ATP and WTA tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 34th edition of the women's event, and the 43rd edition of the men's event. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 31 December 2018 to 6 January 2019 for the women, and from 7 to 12 January 2019 for the men.

New Zealand

2019 WTA Shenzhen Open

The 2019 Shenzhen Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the Shenzhen Open, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2019 WTA Tour. It took place at the Shenzhen Longgang Sports Center in Shenzhen, China, from 31 December 2018 until 5 January 2019. First-seeded Aryna Sabalenka won the singles title.

People's Republic of China

2019 City of Playford Tennis International

The 2019 City of Playford Tennis International was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Playford, Australia between 31 December 2018 and 6 January 2019.

Australia

Battle of Bakouma

From December 2018 to January 2019 heavy clashes took place in Bakouma in Central African Republic.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Central African Republic

PFL 10 (2019)

The PFL 10 mixed martial arts event for the 2019 season of the Professional Fighters League, the 2019 PFL Championship, was held on December 31, 2019, at the Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York.

New York City, United States

Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou

On 30 December 2023, Houthi forces in the Gulf of Aden attacked the Maersk commercial vessel Maersk Hangzhou. Early the next day, Houthis again attacked the Maersk Hangzhou, attempting to board the freighter. The Maersk Hangzhou made a distress signal, to which U.S. Navy forces of the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and destroyer USS Gravely responded. The U.S., along with Maersk security personnel aboard the ship, repelled the attack.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.