2月23日发生过什么？

Diocletian orders the church at Nicomedia destroyed

On February 23, 303, Emperor Diocletian ordered the newly built Christian church at Nicomedia, in present-day Turkey, destroyed, its scriptures burned and its treasures seized. His first general edict against Christians was published the following day.

Turkey

Justinian begins construction of the present Hagia Sophia

On February 23, 532, Emperor Justinian I inaugurated construction of the present Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, now Istanbul, Turkey. It replaced a church destroyed during the Nika revolt and was designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus.

Turkey

Battle of Goźlice

The Battle of Goźlice was a battle which took place on 23 February 1280 near Goźlice (not far from Koprzywnica) where the Polish knights led by the castellan of Kraków, voivodes led by Piotr of Bogoria and Skotnik and Janusz Starż defeated the Tatar-Russian troops led by the Galician-Volhynian prince Leo I of Galicia.

Battle of Ruvo

The Battle of Ruvo was fought on 23 February 1503 between a Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and a French army commanded by Jacques de la Palice. The battle was part of the Second Italian War and was fought at the city of Ruvo in the Province of Bari, modern-day Italy. The result was a Spanish victory.

Battle of Marihueñu

Battle of Marihueñu was one of the early decisive battles of the Arauco War between the Mapuche leader Lautaro and the Spanish general Francisco de Villagra on 23 February 1554.

Chile

James FitzMaurice submits, ending the first Desmond rebellion

On 23 February 1573, James FitzMaurice submitted to the English authorities after negotiating a pardon, ending the first Desmond rebellion in Munster, in present-day Ireland. A later rebellion was a separate phase.

The date follows the historical source without calendar conversion.

Ireland

Battle of Krasne

The Battle of Krasne or the Defense of Krasne (Ukrainian: Битва під Красною, Красненська оборона; Polish: Bitwa pod Krasnem, Obrona Krasny; 20–23 February 1651) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Cossack Hetmanate as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Petschora

The Battle of Petschora took place on February 23, 1701 near the village of Pechory, Russia during the second year of the Great Northern War. The Swedish army of about 2,100 men assisted by approximately 2,000 peasants under the command of Jacob Spens defeated a Russian force of about 6,000 men.

Russia

Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres

The Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres (Haitian Creole: Batay Ravin Koulèv), fought on 23 February 1802, was a major battle of the Saint-Domingue expedition during the Haitian Revolution. A French division under General Donatien de Rochambeau was advancing down a ravine (the Ravine-à-Couleuvres), towards Lacroix, Artibonite, where they attacked the army of Toussaint Louverture. Louverture's forces consisted of 1,500 elite grenadiers, 1,000 grenadiers in different Demi-brigades, 400 dragoons.

Battle of Izúcar

The Battle of Izúcar or the Battle of Izúcar de Matamoros was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred on 23 February 1812 in the area around Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire. The Mexican insurgents, who were commended by General Mariano Matamoros y Guridi managed to force the Spanish loyalist forces, commanded by the Brigadier General, Ciriaco del Llano to retreat. It was during this battle that a young Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña, later the president of Mexico, first distinguished himself in battle.

Izúcar de Matamoros, Mexico · Puebla, Mexico

Battle of Mesamávida

The Battle of Mesamávida was a Royalist victory during the Guerra a muerte campaign of the Chilean War of Independence. It was fought on 23 February 1819.

Siege of the Alamo

The siege of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was the first thirteen days of the Battle of the Alamo. On February 23, Mexican troops under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna entered San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, and surrounded the Alamo Mission. The Alamo was defended by a small force of Texians and Tejanos, led by William Barrett Travis and James Bowie, and included Davy Crockett.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

1837 Anglesey by-election

The 1837 Anglesey by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the UK House of Commons constituency of Anglesey in North Wales on 23 February 1837.

United Kingdom

Chochołów insurgents surrender after a renewed attack

On 23 February 1846, a renewed attack by Austrian border guards and peasants from Czarny Dunajec forced the Chochołów insurgents to surrender, in present-day Poland. The uprising had begun on February 21.

Poland

Battle of Buena Vista

The Battle of Buena Vista (February 22–23, 1847), known as the Battle of La Angostura in Mexico, and sometimes as Battle of Buena Vista/La Angostura, was a battle of the Mexican–American War. It was fought between U.S. forces, largely volunteers, under General Zachary Taylor, and the much larger Mexican Army under General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

Mexican–American War: Battle of Buena Vista: In Mexico, American troops under future president General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

Britain recognizes Orange Free State independence

On 23 February 1854, the Orange River Convention was signed at Bloemfontein in present-day South Africa, recognizing the independence of the Orange Free State and ending British sovereignty over the territory.

South Africa

1871 New Zealand general election

The 1871 New Zealand general election was held between 14 January and 23 February to elect 78 MPs across 72 electorates to the fifth session of the New Zealand Parliament. 41,527 electors were registered.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

New Zealand

1884 Scottish Cup final

The 1884 Scottish Cup Final was scheduled to be the 11th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1883–84 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. Six-time winners Queen's Park were due to face three-time winners Vale of Leven at Cathkin Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 23 February 1884.

Scotland, United Kingdom

Battle of Đồng Đăng (1885)

The Battle of Đồng Đăng (23 February 1885) was an important French victory during the Sino-French War. The battle formed part of the French advance following the Lạng Sơn campaign and resulted in the temporary expulsion of Chinese forces from the Tonkin border region. After the battle, French forces destroyed the Gate of China at Zhennan Pass before withdrawing back toward Lạng Sơn. Three weeks later Chinese forces counterattacked, leading to the events that culminated in the Battle of Bang Bo. It is named after the town of Đồng Đăng, then in northern Tonkin, close to the border between China and Vietnam.

Lạng Sơn, Vietnam

Charles Martin Hall obtains aluminium by electrolysis

On February 23, 1886, Charles Martin Hall produced aluminium by passing an electric current through alumina dissolved in molten cryolite in the United States. His sister Julia Brainerd Hall helped with the experiments.

United States

1887 Liguria earthquake

The 1887 Liguria earthquake struck off the coast of Imperia, Italy on the early morning of 23 February 1887, with an estimated moment magnitude of 6.8–6.9, killing about 600–3,000 people. It also generated a tsunami that had a run-up height of two meters. The widespread damage was said to be so severe that the town of Bussana Vecchia was abandoned by its former inhabitants.

Italy

1893 Cirencester by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Cirencester was held on 23 February 1893 after a court declared that votes in the by-election in 1892 had been declared equal. The seat was gained by the Liberal candidate Harry Levy-Lawson. The Conservative candidate Thomas Chester-Master was declared the victor of the 1892 by-election by 3 votes, but on petition and after scrutiny, the votes were declared equal and the 1893 by-election was held.

Edwin Jorden begins his brief term in the US House of Representatives

On February 23, 1895, Edwin Jorden began serving in the US House of Representatives for Pennsylvania’s 15th district. He filled the vacancy caused by Myron Wright’s death and served until March 4.

United States

Taunton by-election, 1909

The Taunton by-election of 1909 was held on 23 February 1909. The by-election was held due to the ill health of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Boyle. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Wellesley Peel, previously the MP for Manchester South.

United Kingdom

Second Battle of Kut

The Second Battle of Kut was fought on 23 February 1917, between British and Ottoman forces at Kut, Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). The battle was part of the British advance to Baghdad begun in December 1916 by a 50,000-man British force (mainly from British India) organised in two army corps. The British, led by Frederick Stanley Maude, recaptured the city, but the Ottoman garrison there did not get trapped inside (as had happened to Townshend's troops in the previous year when the Ottomans had besieged Kut in the Siege of Kut): the Ottoman commander, Kâzım Karabekir Bey, managed a good-order retreat from the town of his remaining soldiers (about 2,500), pursued by a British fluvial flotilla along the Tigris River.

Kut, Iraq

Kaunas garrison mutiny

Kaunas garrison mutiny (Lithuanian: Kauno įgulos maištas) or Panemunė rebellion (Lithuanian: Panemunės sukilimas) was a failed mutiny of Lithuanian soldiers stationed in Kaunas on 22–23 February 1920. The Lithuanian Army was established in December 1918 and successfully pushed out the Bolsheviks (see the Lithuanian–Soviet War) and the Bermontians (see the Lithuanian–Bermontian War) by the end of 1919.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Lithuania

1922 Bodmin by-election

The 1922 Bodmin by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons. The constituency of Bodmin in Cornwall polled on 23 February 1922. The by-election was notable for the opposition Liberal Party gaining a seat from the Coalition-supporting Conservative Party.

United Kingdom

1930 Dominican coup d'état

The 1930 Dominican coup d'état was the military coup that took place in the Dominican Republic on February 23, 1930 when the Dominican Army, led by Rafael Trujillo, overthrew President Horacio Vasquez. Trujillo seized power, cemented his power in a rigged May 1930 election, establishing a military dictatorship that would last 31 years. Trujillo plotted with the Coalicion Patriotica de Ciudadanos, the main opposition party, against the Vasquez government.

Dominican Republic

Leopold III succeeds Albert I as King of the Belgians

On February 23, 1934, Leopold III succeeded Albert I as King of the Belgians. Albert I had died six days earlier. This date marks Leopold’s accession rather than his father’s death.

Belgium

Soviet volunteer airmen bomb Songshan airfield in Taiwan

On February 23, 1938, Soviet volunteer airmen supporting China attacked Songshan airfield near Taipei in Taiwan, then under Japanese rule. The raid used SB bombers against a base supporting Japanese operations in China.

The February 23 Soviet volunteer raid is distinguished from the conflicting February 8 account in the retained English article.

Taiwan

Battle of Dubovychi

The Battle of Dubovychi took place as a result of the attack launched by the German forces on the partisan-held settlement as part of the punitive operation against the Soviet partisans, on 23 February 1942.

Japanese submarine shells Ellwood oil facilities in California

On February 23, 1942, the Japanese submarine I-17 shelled the Ellwood oil field near Santa Barbara, California, United States. The attack caused limited damage and heightened fear of further attacks on the US West Coast.

United States

Cavan Orphanage fire

The Cavan Orphanage fire occurred on the night of 23 February 1943 at St Joseph's Orphanage in Cavan, Ireland. 35 children and one adult employee died as a result. All of the lay teachers and nuns survived the fire. Much of the attention after the fire surrounded the role of the Poor Clares, the order of nuns who ran the orphanage, and the local fire service.

Ireland

Greek Resistance: The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth is founded in Greece

The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth, abbreviated EPON (Greek: Ενιαία Πανελλαδική Οργάνωση Νέων – ΕΠΟΝ), was a Greek resistance organization that was active during the Axis Occupation of Greece in World War II. EPON was the youth wing of the National Liberation Front (EAM) organization, and was established on 23 February 1943 after the merger of ten earlier political and resistance youth organizations.

Operation Lentil (Caucasus)

The Soviet government forcibly transferred the whole of the Vainakh (Chechen and Ingush) populations of the North Caucasus to Central Asia on 23 February 1944, during World War II. The expulsion, referred to by Chechens often as Aardakh (the Exodus), was ordered by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria after approval by Soviet leader and dictator Joseph Stalin as part of a Soviet forced settlement program and population transfer that affected several million members of ethnic minorities in the Soviet Union between the 1930s and the 1950s.

Battle of the Admin Box

The Battle of the Admin Box (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Ngakyedauk or the Battle of Sinzweya) took place on the southern front of the Burma campaign from 5 to 23 February 1944, in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II. Japanese forces attempted a local counter-attack against an Allied offensive with the aim of drawing Allied reserves from the Central Front in Assam, where the Japanese were preparing their own major offensive.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Eniwetok

The Battle of Eniwetok was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought from 17 to 23 February 1944 on Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The invasion of Eniwetok followed the American success in the Battle of Kwajalein to the southeast. Capture of Eniwetok would provide an airfield and harbor to support attacks on the Mariana Islands to the northwest.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Marshall Islands

Raid on Los Baños

The Raid on Los Baños (Filipino: Pagsalakay sa Los Baños) in the Philippines, early Friday morning on 23 February 1945, was executed by a combined United States Army Airborne and Filipino guerrilla task force, resulting in the liberation of 2,147 Allied civilian and military internees from an agricultural school campus turned Japanese internment camp.

Philippines

Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II

During the latter stages of World War II, Pforzheim, a town in southwestern Germany, was bombed several times. The largest raid, one of the most devastating area bombardments of the war, was carried out by the Royal Air Force (RAF) on the evening of February 23, 1945. Some 17,600 people, or 31.4% of the town's population, were killed.

The last German defenders at Poznań’s citadel surrender

On February 23, 1945, the last German units defending the citadel in Poznań, Poland, surrendered. The fall of the citadel ended the main battle for the city after a month of fighting.

Poland

Operation Clarion reaches the end of its two-day bombing campaign

On February 23, 1945, Operation Clarion reached the end of its stated two-day bombing period in Germany. Allied aircraft attacked transport infrastructure, including railway stations, bridges and waterways.

Germany

American Airlines Flight 009 crashes near Rural Retreat, Virginia, killing 17

American Airlines Flight 009 was a flight from New York City to Los Angeles. On the morning of February 23, 1945, while flying over Rural Retreat, Virginia, on the Washington-Nashville leg, the Douglas DC-3 struck the wooded summit of Glade Mountain in the Appalachian Mountains, killing 17 of the 22 occupants on board.

American photographer Joe Rosenthal took the Pulitzer Prize–winning photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima during the Battle of Iwo Jima, an image that was later reproduced on the Marine Corps War Memorial

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima (Japanese: 硫黄島の星条旗, Hepburn: Iōjima no Seijōki) is a photograph of six United States Marines raising the U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in the final stages of the Pacific War. Taken by Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press on February 23, 1945, the photograph was published in Sunday newspapers two days later and reprinted in thousands of publications.

International Organization for Standardization is founded

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), (the preferred official pronunciation of the organizational name is: US: ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and it has published over 25,000 international standards as of July 2024, covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing.

United Kingdom general election, 1950

The 1950 United Kingdom general election was the first ever general election to be held after a full term of a Labour government. The election was held on 23 February 1950. Despite polling over one and a half million votes more than the Conservatives, and receiving more votes than they had during the 1945 election, Labour obtained a slim majority of just five seats — a stark contrast to 1945, when they had achieved a 146-seat majority. Labour called another general election in 1951.

United Kingdom

Battle of Nan'ao Island

The Battle of Nan'ao island (Nan'ao Dao, 南澳岛战斗/南澳島戰鬥) took place between the nationalists (Kuomintang) and the communists. Nan'ao Island (Nan'ao Dao, 南澳岛) of Swatow (now known as Shantou) remained in the nationalist hands after Guangdong fell into communist hands. On February 23, 1950, the 121st division of the 41st Army of the People's Liberation Army attacked the island.

Guangdong, People's Republic of China

1950 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland

On 23 February 1950, the 1950 United Kingdom general election was held in Northern Ireland, to elect all 625 members of the House of Commons, including the 12 Northern Ireland seats. The Representation of the People Act 1948 reorganised constituencies: all MPs were now elected single-seat constituencies using FPTP, ending the two-seat constituencies which had been in place till then, and the university constituency of Queen's University of Belfast was abolished.

United Kingdom

1950 United Kingdom general election in England

On Thursday 23 February 1950, the 1950 United Kingdom general election was held in England, to elect all 625 members of the House of Commons, with 506 constituencies being in England. It was the first election to be held after the abolition of plural voting and university constituencies in addition to a reorganisation of constituencies by the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949.

United Kingdom

1950 United Kingdom general election in Scotland

On 23 February 1950, the 1950 United Kingdom general election was held in Scotland, to elect all 625 members of the House of Commons, with 71 constituencies being in Scotland. Prior to the election, the Representation of the People Act 1948 and House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949 passed. These Acts removed plurality voting and redistributed the seats in Wales to the House of Commons.

Scotland, United Kingdom

Insurgents attack the Bukit Kepong police station

On 23 February 1950, communist insurgents attacked the Bukit Kepong police station in Johor, Malaya, in present-day Malaysia. Police and their families were caught in the assault, and the station was burned.

Malaysia

Juan Manuel Fangio is kidnapped in Havana

On February 23, 1958, members of Cuba’s 26th of July Movement kidnapped racing driver Juan Manuel Fangio from the Hotel Lincoln in Havana, Cuba. The kidnapping occurred before the Cuban Grand Prix, rather than on the race day itself.

Cuba

1966 Syrian coup d'état

In the 1966 Syrian coup d'état (21–23 February) the government of the Syrian Arab Republic was overthrown and replaced. The ruling National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party were removed from power by a union of the party's Military Committee and the Syrian Regional Branch, under the leadership of Salah Jadid.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Fire Support Base Hotel 2 comes under attack during Lam Son 719

On February 23, 1971, Fire Support Base Hotel 2, south of Route 9 in Laos, came under an intense artillery and infantry attack during Operation Lam Son 719. This was one phase of the longer campaign.

Laos

February 1977 Israeli Labor Party leadership election

The February 1977 Israeli Labor Party leadership election was held on 23 February 1977. It saw the delegates to the party's convention reelect Yitzhak Rabin as the party's leader. Rabin defeated Shimon Peres. It was the second of four leadership contests in which Rabin and Peres faced each other (after the 1974 and followed by the 1980, and 1992 leadership elections).

Battle of Gayaza Hills

The Battle of Gayaza Hills or the Battle of Kajurungusi (Kiswahili: Mapigano ya Kajurungusi) was a conflict of the Uganda–Tanzania War that took place in late February 1979 around the Gayaza Hills and Lake Nakivale in southern Uganda, near the town of Gayaza. Tanzanian troops attacked the Ugandan positions in the hills, and though suffering heavy casualties in an ambush, they successfully captured the area by the end of the day. Colonel Idi Amin had seized power in a military coup in Uganda in 1971 and established a repressive dictatorship. Seven years later he attempted to invade Tanzania to the south. Ugandan troops occupied the Kagera Salient and subsequently murdered local civilians and destroyed property. The attack was eventually repulsed, and Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere, unsatisfied with Amin's refusal to renounce his claims to Tanzanian territory and the international community's failure to strongly condemn the invasion, ordered his forces to advance into southern Uganda with the aim of capturing the towns of Masaka and Mbarara. Between Mbarara and the Tanzanian border were the Gayaza Hills, which overlooked Lake Nakivale. Retreating Ugandan troops occupied them, and on 21 or 23 February 1979 the Tanzanian 206th Brigade attacked their positions.

Uganda

Battle of Đồng Đăng (1979)

The Battle of Đồng Đăng was the initial phase of the Battle of Lạng Sơn during the Sino–Vietnamese War, taking place in the town of Đồng Đăng and nearby positions between 17 and 23 February 1979.

Vietnam

1980 Western Australian state election

Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 23 February 1980 to elect all 55 members to the Legislative Assembly and 16 members to the 32-seat Legislative Council. The Liberal-National Country coalition government, led by Premier Sir Charles Court, won a third term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Ron Davies.

1981 Spanish coup attempt

A coup d'état was attempted in Spain in February 1981 by right-wing, Francoist elements of the Civil Guard and the Spanish military. The failure of the coup marked the last serious attempt to revert Spain to a Francoist state and served to consolidate Spain's democratization process. King Juan Carlos I played a major role in foiling the coup, and the monarchy emerged with renewed legitimacy as a result. The coup, which became known in Spain as 23F, began on 23 February 1981 when Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero, along with 200 armed Civil Guard officers, stormed the Congress of Deputies chamber in Madrid during a vote to swear in Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo as President of the Government.

Madrid, Spain · Valencia, Spain

32nd Berlin International Film Festival

The 32nd annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 12–23 February 1982. The Golden Bear was awarded to Veronika Voss directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. The Honorary Golden Bear (Goldener Ehrenbär) was introduced for the first time in this edition to pay tribute to important figures in the world of film. The award has been presented for an exceptional artistic career and is given to the guest of honour of the Homage.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

SAS ambush kills three IRA members in Strabane

On 23 February 1985, a British Army SAS unit ambushed and killed three IRA members in Strabane, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Accounts of whether a warning to surrender was given were disputed.

United Kingdom

Israeli presidential election, 1988

Elections for the President of Israel were held in the Knesset on 23 February 1988. Chaim Herzog stood for re-election as an unopposed candidate.

Israel

38th Berlin International Film Festival

The 38th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 12 to 23 February 1988. The festival opened with musical film Linie 1 by Reinhard Hauff. The Golden Bear was awarded to the Chinese film Red Sorghum directed by Zhang Yimou. The retrospective was dedicated to colour films and it was titled The History of Colour Film.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Richmond (Yorks) by-election, 1989

A by-election was held in the Richmond (Yorks) constituency of the United Kingdom Parliament on 23 February 1989. It followed the resignation of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Leon Brittan on 31 December 1988, to allow him to take up the position of Vice-President of the European Commission. The Conservative Party retained the seat, with future party leader William Hague the winner. The result was affected in part to the decision by the remnants of the Social Democratic Party (the part that objected to the merger with the Liberal Party the previous year) to contest the election as well as the newly formed Social and Liberal Democrats (who subsequently renamed themselves the Liberal Democrats).

United Kingdom

Pontypridd by-election, 1989

The Pontypridd by-election, 1989 was a by-election held in Wales on 23 February 1989 for the House of Commons constituency of Pontypridd in Mid Glamorgan. The by-election was caused by the death of the constituency's Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Brynmor John on 13 December 1988. The result was a Labour Party hold, with Dr Kim Howells winning a majority of almost 11,000 votes. Whilst out canvassing for the Conservative party, neighbouring MP Sir Raymond Gower died, which resulted in the Vale of Glamorgan by-election.

Wales, United Kingdom

1991 Thai coup d'état

The 1991 Thai coup d'état was a military coup against the democratic Chatichai government, carried out by Thai military leaders on 23 February. Although the figure head was Sunthorn Kongsompong, there was a military influence from military leaders, Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, Suchinda Kraprayoon, and Kaset Rojananil in the conflict. Chalerm Yubamrung, a politician, was also involved in the beginning of the conflict which began since 1990 but reached the peak in February 1991 due to a strong executive order of Chatichai.

Thailand

Gulf War air campaign

Operation Desert Storm, the combat phase of the Gulf War, began with an extensive aerial bombing campaign by the air forces of the coalition against targets in Iraq and Iraqi-occupied Kuwait from 17 January to 23 February 1991. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs, destroying military and civilian infrastructure.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq · Kuwait

La Copa Junior (1996)

La Copa Junior (1996) (Spanish for "The Junior Cup") was a professional wrestling tournament produced and scripted by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council"). The tournament ran from February 23, 1996 to March 1, 1996 in Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico. CMLL's recurring La Copa Junior tournament featured second, third or fourth generation wrestlers completing against each other.

Mexico City, Mexico

ECW Just Another Night

Just Another Night was a professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on February 23, 1996. The event was held in the Briarcliffe Fieldhouse in Glenolden, Pennsylvania in the United States. A "fan cam" recording of the event was released on DVD by RF Video, while the event was later made available for streaming on the WWE Network.

1997 Somaliland presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Somaliland on 23 February 1997, the third indirect presidential election since the country declared its independence from Somalia in 1991. The elections took place towards the end of the Hargeisa Conference, held between October 1996 and February 1997. The election resulted in incumbent President Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal being reelected to a four-year term by an electoral college of elders who made up the national guurti(council of elders).

Somaliland

SuperBrawl VII

SuperBrawl VII was the seventh SuperBrawl professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The event took place on February 23, 1997 from the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. The show was billed as from nearby San Francisco. Twelve matches were contested at the event, including two dark matches. In the main event, Hollywood Hogan retained his WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Roddy Piper.

California, United States

Nagaland holds its legislative assembly election

On 23 February 1998, Nagaland, India, held a legislative assembly election. A boycott by major opposition parties affected the contest, and the Indian National Congress won most seats.

India

Chicago mayoral election, 1999

The Chicago Mayoral Election of 1999, which took place on February 23, 1999, resulted in the re-election of incumbent Richard M. Daley over Bobby Rush, with 428,872 votes to Rush's 167,709. Daley garnered 71.9% of the total vote.

Chicago, United States

1999 Galtür avalanche

The Galtür avalanche occurred on 23 February 1999 in the Alpine village of Galtür, Austria. At 50 m (160 ft) high and traveling at 290 km/h (180 mph), the powder avalanche overturned cars, destroyed buildings and buried 57 people. By the time rescue crews managed to arrive, 31 people had died. It was considered the worst Alpine avalanche in 40 years.

Austria

Johnny Isakson wins Georgia’s 6th congressional district special election

On February 23, 1999, Johnny Isakson won a special election in Georgia’s 6th congressional district in the United States. He filled the House seat left vacant after Newt Gingrich declined to take his seat in the new Congress.

United States

2000 Norfolk Island legislative election

The 2000 Norfolk Island legislative election was held on 23 February 2000 to elect the 9 members of the Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly, the legislative body of Norfolk Island. Following the election, a referendum was held on whether new elections should be held in 2001, instead of the scheduled date of 2003. The referendum was successful, and the next election was brought forward to 29 November 2001.

Norfolk Island

UFC 30

UFC 30: Battle on the Boardwalk was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship at the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City, New Jersey on February 23, 2001. UFC 30 was the first UFC event under the new ownership of Zuffa, LLC, and also the first UFC event since UFC 22 to see a home video release.

New Jersey, United States

2002 Japanese Super Cup

2002 Japanese Super Cup was the Japanese Super Cup competition. The match was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on February 23, 2002. Shimizu S-Pulse won the championship.

Japan

Intelsat 904

Intelsat 904 (or IS-904) is a communications satellite operated by Intelsat.

Intelsat 904 was launched by an Ariane 4 rocket from Guiana Space Centre, Kourou, French Guiana, at 06:59 UTC on February 23, 2002.

No Way Out (2003)

The 2003 No Way Out was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the American promotion World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was the fifth No Way Out and took place on February 23, 2003, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown! brand divisions.

Montreal, Canada

2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election

The 2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election was held in three phases from 3 to 23 February 2005 to elect the 81 members of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. The results were counted on 27 February 2005. It was the first election held in Jharkhand to elect the Second Jharkhand Legislative Assembly; the First/Interim Jharkhand Legislative Assembly was constituted based on the 2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

India

Ugandan general election, 2006

General elections were held in Uganda on 23 February 2006. They were the first multi-party elections since President Yoweri Museveni took over power in 1986, and followed a referendum the previous year on scrapping the ban on party politics. Museveni ran for a second re-election as the National Resistance Movement (NRM) candidate. His main opponent was the leader of the Forum for Democratic Change, Kizza Besigye. Besigye was arrested on 14 November 2005 on allegations of treason, concealment of treason, and rape.

Uganda

Grayrigg derailment

The Grayrigg derailment was a fatal railway accident that occurred at approximately 20:15 GMT on 23 February 2007, just to the south of Grayrigg, Cumbria, in the North West England region of the United Kingdom. The initial conclusion of the accident investigation is that the derailment was caused by a faulty set of points (number 2B) on the Down Main running line, controlled from Lambrigg ground frame. The scheduled inspection on 18 February 2007 had not taken place and the faults had gone undetected. Although the accident killed far fewer people than some other accidents on the West Coast Main Line, it had a major negative impact on Network Rail's safety record.

England, United Kingdom

Manipur assembly election reaches its final polling day

On 23 February 2007, Manipur, India, held the final polling day of its legislative assembly election. The stated election period ran from February 8 to23.

India

2008 Andersen Air Force Base B-2 crash

On 23 February 2008, Spirit of Kansas, a B-2 Spirit stealth bomber of the United States Air Force, crashed on the runway moments after takeoff from Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. The aircraft was destroyed, but both crew members successfully ejected.

Guam

2008 CAF Super Cup

The 2008 CAF Super Cup was the 16th CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. The match was contested by 2007 CAF Champions League winners, ES Sahel, and 2007 CAF Confederation Cup winners, CS Sfaxien at the Stade 14 January in Tunis on 23 February 2008.

Tunisia

2008 American Samoa Republican presidential caucuses

The 2008 American Samoa Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 23, 2008. John McCain won all 6 pledged (and the support of 3 unpledged delegates) at the territory's convention. McCain "campaigned" in the territory by recording an audio message to the delegates and sending it to the caucus via the Internet.

American Samoa

2008 Northern Mariana Islands Republican presidential caucuses

The 2008 Northern Mariana Islands Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 23, 2008. John McCain won all 6 pledged (and the support of 3 unpledged delegates) at the commonwealth's convention.

Northern Mariana Islands

Strikeforce: At The Dome

Strikeforce: At The Dome was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Strikeforce in conjunction with Brian Halquist Productions. The event took place at the Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, Washington on Saturday, February 23, 2008. The event marked the North American MMA debut of Bob Sapp.

Japan launches the KIZUNA experimental communications satellite

On February 23, 2008, Japan launched the KIZUNA (WINDS) experimental communications satellite aboard H-IIA Flight 14 from the Tanegashima Space Center. Liftoff was at 5:55 p.m. Japan Standard Time.

Japan

23 February 2012 Iraq attacks

The 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks were the fifth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the first such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011. At least 83 people were killed and more than 250 wounded in highly coordinated attacks spread out in least 15 cities - including at least 10 explosions in the capital Baghdad that left 32 people dead.

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election, 2013

The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election of 2013 was held on 23 February 2013 to elect the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from each of the 60 Assembly Constituencies (ACs) in the state of Meghalaya in India.

India

UFC 157

UFC 157: Rousey vs. Carmouche was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on February 23, 2013 at the Honda Center in Anaheim, California.

Anaheim, California, United States

2013 Kor Royal Cup

The 2013 Kor Royal Cup was the 78th Kor Royal Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Thai Premier League and Thai FA Cup competitions. The match was played at Suphachalasai Stadium, Bangkok, on 23 February 2013, and contested by the 2012 Thai Premier League champions Muangthong United, and Buriram United, the winner of the 2012 Thai FA Cup.

Bangkok, Thailand

2013 CAF Super Cup

The 2013 CAF Super Cup (also known as the 2013 Orange CAF Super Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 21st CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. The match was contested between Al-Ahly of Egypt, the 2012 CAF Champions League winner, and AC Léopards of the Republic of the Congo, the 2012 CAF Confederation Cup winner. It was hosted by Al-Ahly at the Borg El Arab Stadium in Alexandria on 23 February 2013.

Battle of In Khalil

The Battle of In Khalil took place on 22–23 February 2013 and was part of the first stage of the Mali War. According to the MNLA, the first suicide bomber attempted to drive his car into a building, but the car was destroyed by fighters ahead of impact. A second car then drove into the group's local operations center and exploded, instantly killing four including three MNLA fighters and the bomber.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mali

2013 Japanese Super Cup

The 2013 Japanese Super Cup was held on 23 February 2013 between the 2012 J. League champions Sanfrecce Hiroshima and the 2012 Emperor's Cup winner Kashiwa Reysol. Sanfrecce Hiroshima won the match 1–0 after a Hisato Satō goal.

Japan

Elimination Chamber (2014)

Elimination Chamber (2014) (known as No Escape (2014) in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by WWE. The fifth Elimination Chamber event took place on February 23, 2014, at the Target Center in Minneapolis. Eight matches, including the pre-show, took place at the event. In the Elimination Chamber match main event for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, Randy Orton retained his title against John Cena, Daniel Bryan, Christian, Cesaro and Sheamus. The event had 183,000 buys, down from previous year's 213,000 buys.

Minneapolis, United States · Minnesota, United States

Battle of Asadabad

On 23 February 2014, Taliban insurgents supported by Afghan insiders raided two ANA checkpoints located outside the city of Asadabad in the Ghaziabad District of Kunar province, Eastern Afghanistan. The raid marked the deadliest attack against Afghan security forces since 2010.

Afghanistan

2014 W-League grand final (February)

The 2014 W-League grand final took place at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 23 February 2014. It was the final match in the W-League 2013–14 season, and was played between third-placed Melbourne Victory and fourth-placed Brisbane Roar. Melbourne Victory won the match 2–0 thanks to goals by Lisa De Vanna and guest player Lauren Barnes.

Australia

2014 Yamaguchi gubernatorial election

The 2014 Yamaguchi gubernatorial election was held on 23 February 2014 to elect the next governor of Yamaguchi (山口県, Yamaguchi-ken), a prefecture of Japan in the Chūgoku region of the main island of Honshu. The outgoing governor, Shigetaro Yamamoto, suffered from lung cancer, which led him to resign on 9 January 2014. An election was organized for 23 February to replace him.

2016 Nevada Republican presidential caucuses

The 2016 Nevada Republican presidential caucuses took place on February 23 in the U.S. state of Nevada, marking the Republican Party's fourth nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. With the Democratic Party having already held its Nevada caucuses three days earlier on February 20, the Republican caucus in Nevada was the only presidential primary on that day.

United States

2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Stoke-on-Trent Central was held on 23 February 2017, following the resignation of incumbent Labour Party MP Tristram Hunt upon his appointment as director of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. It was won by Labour candidate Gareth Snell, who held the seat with a slightly reduced majority.

United Kingdom

2017 Copeland by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Copeland was held on 23 February 2017. It was triggered by the resignation of Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Jamie Reed to take up a new role at a nuclear decommissioning firm. The by-election was won by Conservative Party candidate Trudy Harrison who gained the seat from Labour; it marked the first gain for a governing party in a by-election since 1982.

United Kingdom

Turkish-backed forces take al-Bab from Islamic State

On February 23, 2017, Turkish-backed Syrian rebels took al-Bab in Syria from Islamic State. Early reports that day described continuing street fighting and disputed how much of the city had been captured; later reports confirmed the takeover.

Syria

Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad

Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad (Urdu: آپریشن رد الفساد; lit. 'Rejection of Strife') was a combined military operation by the Pakistani military in support of local law enforcement agencies to disarm and eliminate the terrorist sleeper cells across all states of Pakistan, started on 22 February 2017. The operation aimed to eliminate the threat of terrorism, and consolidating the gains of Operation Zarb-e-Azb which was launched in 2014 as a joint military offensive.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Pakistan

2018 Djiboutian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 23 February 2018. The election was boycotted by the main opposition parties, including some of the parties in the Union for National Salvation coalition, which had won 10 seats in the previous elections in 2013. According to government figures, the ruling Union for the Presidential Majority won 57 of 65 seats in Parliament. The opposition Union for Democracy and Justice–Djibouti Party for Development (UDJ–PDD) won seven seats in Djibouti city electoral district. The UMP ran unopposed in three electoral districts (Dikhil, Obock and Arta, 18 seats).

Djibouti

2016 and 2018 Philippine Olympic Committee elections

In November 2016, the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) held an election which saw Jose "Peping" Cojuangco win a fourth term as president after Victorico "Ricky" Vargas was disqualified for not being an "active member" of the committee. Tolentino, a candidate for the chairman position was also disqualified on the same grounds. The camp of Vargas said that being an active member does not equate to physical attendance which the POC led by then incumbent President Cojuangco insists. This led to Vargas to seek a temporary restraining order to stop the 2016 elections and rule on the POC's commission on election's authority to define the eligibility criteria of being an active member. The court denied postponing the 2016 elections but it ruled in December 2017 that the commission on elections of the POC cannot qualify or restrict the criteria of being an active member, ruled that the results of the 2016 elections for the post of President and Chairman null and void, and ordered the POC to hold elections on February 23, 2018 with Vargas and Tolentino as candidates.

El Terrible and Rush win the CMLL Torneo Increíble de Parejas final

On February 23, 2018, El Terrible and Rush won the CMLL Torneo Increíble de Parejas final at Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico. The final had been postponed after an earthquake on February 16.

Mexico

2019 Nigerian Senate election

The 2019 Nigerian Senate election were held in all 109 senatorial districts where voters elected senators using first-past-the-post voting. Most elections were held on February 23, 2019, with some elections running into February 24 while others had supplementary or rerun elections that took place at a later date. The last regular senatorial elections for all districts were in 2015.

Nigeria

Dialloubé raid

The raid on Dialloubé took place on February 23, 2019, and was an ambush by Franco-Malian forces against Katibat Macina.

Mali

UFC Fight Night: Błachowicz vs. Santos

UFC Fight Night: Błachowicz vs. Santos (also known as UFC Fight Night 145 or UFC on ESPN+ 3) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that was held on February 23, 2019 at O2 Arena in Prague, Czech Republic.

Prague, Czechia

2019 Nigerian House of Representatives election

The 2019 Nigerian House of Representatives election was held in all 360 constituencies where voters elected members of the House of Representatives using first-past-the-post voting. Most elections were held on February 23, 2019 with some elections running into February 24 while others had supplementary or rerun elections that took place at a later date. The last regular House elections for all districts were in 2015.

Nigeria

Atlas Air Flight 3591

Atlas Air Flight 3591 was a scheduled domestic cargo flight between Miami International Airport and George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, operated by Atlas Air on behalf of Amazon Air. On February 23, 2019, the Boeing 767 operating this flight crashed into Trinity Bay during approach into Houston, killing the two crew members and single passenger on board.

Texas, United States

2019 FA Women's League Cup final

The 2019 FA Women's League Cup final was the eighth final of the FA Women's League Cup, England's secondary cup competition for women's football teams and its primary league cup tournament. It took place on 23 February 2019, at Bramall Lane, contested by Arsenal and Manchester City, the only two teams to have ever won the tournament. Arsenal had competed in all but one of the previous finals, winning five.

Shanghai SIPG wins the Chinese FA Super Cup

On 23 February 2019, Shanghai SIPG defeated Beijing Sinobo Guoan 2–0 in the Chinese FA Super Cup at Suzhou Olympic Sports Centre in Suzhou, China.

China

2019 Uzbekistan Super Cup

The 2019 Uzbekistan Super Cup (Uzbek: Футбол бўйича 2019-йилги Ўзбекистон Суперкубоги) was the 5th UzPFL Supercup. It was contested by the winners of the 2018 Uzbekistan Super League and 2018 Uzbekistan Cup. The match was contested by AGMK and Lokomotiv Tashkent, at Pakhtakor Central Stadium in Tashkent, on 23 February 2019. Lokomotiv Tashkent won the match 2–1.

2020 Hamburg state election

The 2020 Hamburg state election was held on 23 February 2020 to elect the members of the 22nd Hamburg Parliament. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Greens led by First Mayor Peter Tschentscher. Despite losses, the SPD remained comfortably in first place with 39% of votes. The Greens doubled their vote share to 24%, becoming the second largest party in the state Parliament for the first time.

Hamburg, Germany

UFC Fight Night: Felder vs. Hooker

UFC Fight Night: Felder vs. Hooker (also known as UFC Fight Night 168 and UFC on ESPN+ 26) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on February 23, 2020, at Spark Arena in Auckland, New Zealand.

New Zealand

Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old African-American citizen, is shot and murdered by three white men after visiting a house under construction while jogging at a neighborhood in Satilla Shores near Brunswick in Glynn County, Georgia

On February 23, 2020, Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old black man, was murdered during a racially motivated hate crime while jogging in Satilla Shores, a neighborhood near Brunswick in Glynn County, Georgia. Three white men, who later claimed to police that they assumed he was a burglar, pursued Arbery in their trucks for several minutes, using the vehicles to block his path as he tried to run away.

Rizin Trigger2 held in Fukuroi

On February 23, 2022, Rizin Trigger 2 took place at Ecopa Arena in Fukuroi, Japan.

Japan

No Surrender (2024)

The 2024 No Surrender was a professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. It took place on February 23, 2024 at the Alario Center in Westwego, Louisiana (a suburb of New Orleans) and aired exclusively on TNA+. It was the 16th event under the No Surrender chronology. Eleven matches were contested at the event, including two on the Countdown to No Surrender pre-show and one taped as a digital exclusive.

Louisiana, United States

Cage Warriors 166 takes place at Sycuan Casino Resort

On February 23, 2024, Cage Warriors 166 took place at Sycuan Casino Resort in California, United States. The event was promoted as Cage Warriors 166: San Diego.

United States

2025 German federal election

A federal election was held in Germany on 23 February 2025 to elect the 630 members of the 21st Bundestag, down from 736 in 2021 due to reforms in seat distribution. The 2025 election took place seven months ahead of schedule due to the 2024 collapse of the Scholz governing coalition. Following the loss of his majority, the chancellor called and intentionally lost a motion of confidence, which enabled the approval of a new election by the president. The 2025 election was the fourth snap election in post-war German history. Three opposition parties increased their share of votes in the election, compared with the previous federal election in 2021.

Germany

75th Berlin International Film Festival

The 75th annual Berlin International Film Festival, usually called the Berlinale, took place between 13 and 23 February 2025 in Berlin, Germany. American filmmaker Todd Haynes was named the Jury President for the main competition. It marked the first edition of Tricia Tuttle as the festival's artistic director after Carlo Chatrian and Mariette Rissenbeek stepped down after the 2024 edition.

Berlin, Germany

Progress Chapter 177: My Own Destiny

The Chapter 177: My Own Destiny was a professional wrestling event produced by Progress Wrestling. It took place on 23 February 2025 in London, England, at the Electric Ballroom. Nine matches were contested at the event. The main event saw Meiko Satomura defeat Rhio in one of the former's last matches during her retirement tour.

England, United Kingdom · London, United Kingdom