7月18日发生过什么？

Battle of the Cremera

The Battle of the Cremera was fought between the Roman Republic and the Etruscan city of Veii, in 477 BC (AUC 277). It most likely occurred on 18 July, although Ovid gives a different date of 13 February.

Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.

Great Fire of Rome

The Great Fire of Rome (Latin: incendium magnum Romae) began on the evening of 18–19 July 64 AD. The fire started in the merchant shops around Rome's chariot stadium, Circus Maximus. After six days, the fire was brought under control, but before the damage could be assessed, the fire reignited and burned for another three days.

The Great Fire of Rome (Latin: incendium magnum Romae) began on the evening of 18–19 July 64 AD.

Sack of Aquileia

The Sack of Aquileia occurred in 452, and was carried out by the Huns under the leadership of Attila.

Italy

Battle of Alarcos

Battle of Alarcos (July 18, 1195), was a battle between the Almohads led by Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur and King Alfonso VIII of Castile. It resulted in the defeat of the Castilian forces and their subsequent retreat to Toledo whereas the Almohads conquered back Trujillo, Montánchez and Talavera.

Ciudad Real, Spain

Battle of Rusokastro

The Battle of Rusokastro (Bulgarian: Битка при Русокастро, Greek: Μάχη του Ρουσόκαστρου) occurred on July 18, 1332 near the village of Rusokastro, Bulgaria, between the armies of the Bulgarian and Byzantine Empires. The outcome was a Bulgarian victory.

Bulgaria

Battle of Zava

The Battle of Zava was fought on July 18, 1342 between the armies of the Sarbadars and the Kartids (or Kurt dynasty). Since their appearance as a political force in Khorasan, the Sarbadars had fought to expand their influence in north-eastern Iran and defend against the forces of the claiming Ilkhan Togha Temür who sought to regain Khorasan. Mu'izz al-Din Husain, the chief of the Kartids of Herat recognized Togha Temur's overlordship, and when the Sarbadars secured their hold on Khorasan they sought to eliminate the Kartid threat to the east.

Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran

Truce of Leulinghem

The Truce of Leulinghem was a truce agreed to by Richard II's kingdom of England and its allies, and Charles VI's kingdom of France and its allies, on 18 July 1389, ending the Caroline War of the Hundred Years' War. England was on the edge of financial collapse and suffering from internal political divisions.

This entry records the entry into force, as dated in the source infobox.

In Brussels, Prince Charles I is crowned Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders, a year after inheriting the title

Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (as Charles I) from 1516 to 1556, King of Sicily and Naples from 1516 to 1554, and also Lord of the Netherlands and titular Duke of Burgundy (as Charles II) from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg.

Siege of Dorpat (1558)

The siege of Dorpat (Estonian: Drepti Piiramine; Russian: Осада Дрепта) was a Russian siege of the Livonian city of Dorpat (in modern-day eastern Estonia) from July 1558, during the Livonian War.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Estonia

Second Desmond Rebellion

The Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) was the more widespread and bloody of the two Desmond Rebellions in Ireland launched by the FitzGerald Dynasty of Desmond in Munster against English rule. The second rebellion began in July 1579 when James FitzMaurice FitzGerald landed in Ireland with a force of Papal troops, triggering an insurrection across the south of Ireland on the part of the Desmond dynasty, their allies, and others who were dissatisfied for various reasons with English government of the country.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Ireland

Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition

Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition also known as the Action of Cape Tiburon was an English expedition to the Spanish Main during the Anglo–Spanish War. The expedition began on 10 May and ended by 18 July 1590 and was commanded by Abraham Cocke and Christopher Newport. This was financed by the highly renowned London merchant John Watts.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Cuba

Battle of Ładyżyn

The battle of Ladyzhyn or battle of Ładyżyn (Polish: Bitwa pod Ładyżynem) took place on July 18, 1672, during the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76). It involved a 30,000 strong army, which consisted of Crimean Tatars and a unit of Zaporozhian Cossacks loyal to Petro Doroshenko, and a pro-Polish regiment of Cossack Hetman Mykhailo Khanenko. The forces met near Ladyzhyn, which at that time was called Ładyżyn. Since Khanenko’s regiment numbered only 4,000 soldiers, he asked for help from the Castellan of Podlasie, Karol Luzecki, with 2,500 cavalry and dragoons. Khanenko and Luzecki joined forces on July 18, and marched towards the village of Czetwertynowka.

Ladyzhyn, Ukraine

Raid on Oyster River

The Raid on Oyster River (also known as the Oyster River Massacre) happened during King William's War, on July 18, 1694, at present-day Durham, New Hampshire.

New Hampshire, United States

Battle of Elixheim

The Battle of Elixheim, 18 July 1705, also known as the Passage of the Lines of Brabant was a battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. The Duke of Marlborough successfully broke through the French Lines of Brabant, an arc of defensive fieldworks stretching in a seventy-mile arc from Antwerp to Namur. Although he was unable to bring about a decisive battle, the breaking and subsequent razing of the lines would prove critical to the allied victory at Ramillies the next year.

Belgium

Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of his cantata Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz, BWV 136, in Leipzig on the eighth Sunday after Trinity

Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz (Search me, God, and know my heart), BWV 136 is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach composed the cantata in 1723 in Leipzig to be used for the eighth Sunday after Trinity. He led the first performance on 18 July 1723.

Siege of Philippsburg (1734)

The siege of Philippsburg was conducted by French forces against troops of the Holy Roman Empire in the fortress of Philippsburg in the Rhine River valley during the War of the Polish Succession. The Duke of Berwick led 100,000 men up the Rhine Valley, of which 60,000 were detached to invest the fortress at Philippsburg, beginning on 26 May 1734.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Battle of Bloody Marsh

The Battle of Bloody Marsh took place on July 18, 1742 (new style) between Spanish and British forces on St. Simons Island, part of the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British. Part of the War of Jenkins' Ear, the battle was for the British fortifications of Fort Frederica and Fort St. Simons, with the strategic goal the sea routes and inland waters they controlled.

Georgia, United States

Battle of Gully Hole Creek

The Battle of Gully Hole Creek took place on July 18, 1742 (new style), between Spanish and British forces in the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British. Part of a much larger conflict, known as the War of Jenkins' Ear, the battle was for control of St. Simons Island, the British fortifications of Fort Frederica and Fort St.

Second Battle of Casteldelfino

The Second Battle of Casteldelfino was a military engagement in July 1744 during the War of the Austrian Succession between France and the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Italy

Battle of Dubienka

The Battle of Dubienka occurred during the Polish–Russian War of 1792 (War of the Second Partition of Poland) where on July 18, 1792, the Polish army under the command of General Tadeusz Kościuszko defended the Bug River crossing against the Russian army under General Michail Kachovski. Although the Russians had a numerical advantage of 5:1 over the Polish defenders, their attacks were stymied by field fortifications raised by the Poles, leading to a Polish tactical victory. Subsequent Russian flanking forced the Poles to retreat to avoid being encircled. After the Polish-Lithuanian forces left their forward positions, the Russian army occupied the area.

Dubienka, Poland

Battle of Vihiers

The Battle of Vihiers (18 July 1793) was a battle between Royalist and Republican French forces at Vihiers during the War in the Vendée. After the Republican division under Jacques-Marie Pilote La Barolière advanced into the heart of the revolt area, it was attacked by the Vendeans under Dominique Piron de La Vienne and routed. The advance guard under Jacques-François Menou held its ground for a long time, but many Republican units from the main body quickly took to their heels. The Republican cavalry under Louis-Nicolas Davout covered the disorderly retreat.

Maine-et-Loire, France · Vihiers, France

Battle of Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez

The Battle of Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez was fought on 18 July 1805 between a combined flotilla of the Batavian Navy and French Imperial Navy under Carel Hendrik Ver Huell and a Royal Navy fleet under Admiral of the Blue Lord Keith during the War of the Third Coalition. Ver Huell's flotilla was able to resist several attacks from the British and successfully reached Boulogne-sur-Mer.

1806 Birgu polverista explosion

On 18 July 1806, approximately 40,000 lb (18,000 kg) of gunpowder stored in a magazine (polverista) in Birgu, Malta, mistakenly detonated. The explosion killed an estimated 200 people, including British and Maltese military personnel, and Maltese civilians from Birgu. Parts of the city's fortifications, some naval stores, and many houses were destroyed. The accident was found to be the result of negligence while transferring shells from the magazine.

Malta

Siege of Gaeta (1806)

The siege of Gaeta (26 February – 18 July 1806) saw the fortress city of Gaeta and its Neapolitan garrison under General Louis of Hesse-Philippsthal besieged by an Imperial French corps led by Marshal André Masséna. After a prolonged defense in which Hesse was severely wounded, Gaeta surrendered, and Masséna granted its garrison generous terms.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

Invasion of Naples (1806)

The invasion of Naples was a military campaign of the War of the Third Coalition in 1806. It began when a French army led by Marshal André Masséna marched from Northern Italy into the Kingdom of Naples, an ally of the Coalition against France ruled by King Ferdinand IV. The Neapolitan army was defeated at Campo Tenese and rapidly disintegrated.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Treaty of Orebro

The Treaties of Örebro were both signed on the same day, 18 July 1812, in Örebro, Sweden. They formally end the Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812) and the Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812).

Sweden

1818 United Kingdom general election

The 1818 United Kingdom general election was the 5th general election after the Acts of Union 1800, held on 17 June 1818 to 18 July 1818. It saw the Whigs gain a few seats, but the Tories under the Earl of Liverpool retained a majority of around 90 seats. The Whigs were divided over their response to growing social unrest and the introduction of the Corn Laws.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ireland

Bosnian Battle of Kosovo (1831)

The Battle of Kosovo in 1831 took place between the Vizier of Bosnia Husein-kapetan Gradaščević and his loyalists together with local Albanians against the Ottoman Empire, whose troops were commanded by the Grand Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha.

Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil

Dom Pedro II (Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), known as "the Magnanimous" (Portuguese: O Magnânimo), was the second and final emperor of the Empire of Brazil. He reigned from 1831 until his deposition in the military coup of 1889, presiding over the longest and most stable reign in Brazilian history.

Battle of Tachekkirt

The Battle of Tachekkirt was an 1854 battle between the French forces of Marshal Jacques Louis Randon and the allied Algerian forces of Lalla Fatma N'Soumer and Sherif Boubaghla. The Algerian forces feared that the French would launch a surprise attack. Shortly after the appearance of Lalla Fatma N'Soumer and her reinforcements, composed of Kabyle warriors, they assumed strategic positions and lookouts were placed.

Siege of Medina Fort

The siege of Fort Medina took place in 1857 at Médine, on the left bank of the Senegal River in present-day Mali. The Toucouleur forces of Omar Saidou Tall unsuccessfully besieged native and French colonial troops commanded by Paul Holle. After 97 days of siege, a relief force under French Governor Louis Faidherbe lifted the siege and forced the Toucouleur army to retreat.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mali

Battle of Blackburn's Ford

The Battle of Blackburn's Ford took place on July 18, 1861, in Prince William County and Fairfax County, Virginia, as part of the First Manassas Campaign of the American Civil War. A Union brigade was ordered to probe the Confederate defenses along Bull Run to locate the Confederate left. At Blackburn's Ford, the brigade attempted to cross but Confederate fire broke up the attack and Union commanders decided to cross the creek farther upstream.

Virginia, United States

Newburgh Raid

The Newburgh Raid was a successful raid by Confederate partisans on Newburgh, Indiana, on July 18, 1862, making it the first town in a northern state to be captured during the American Civil War. Confederate colonel Adam Rankin Johnson led the raid by using a force of only about 35 men he had recruited from nearby Henderson, Kentucky.

Second Battle of Fort Wagner

The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, also known as the Second Assault on Morris Island or the Battle of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, was fought on July 18, 1863, during the American Civil War. Union Army troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Quincy Gillmore launched an unsuccessful assault on the Confederate fortress of Fort Wagner, which protected Morris Island, south of Charleston Harbor.

Wytheville Raid

The Wytheville Raid or Toland's Raid (July 18, 1863) was an attack by an undersized Union brigade on a Confederate town during the American Civil War. Union Colonel John Toland led a brigade of over 800 men against a Confederate force of about 130 soldiers and 120 civilians. The location of Wytheville, the county seat of Wythe County in southwestern Virginia, had strategic importance because of a nearby lead mine and the railroad that served it.

Second Battle of Charleston Harbor

The second battle of Charleston Harbor, also known as the siege of Charleston Harbor, the siege of Fort Wagner, or the battle of Morris Island, took place during the American Civil War in the late summer of 1863 between a combined U.S. Army/Navy force and the Confederate defenses of Charleston, South Carolina.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune

The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (or Thiouthiogne), also known as the Battle of Somb or the Battle of Somb-Tioutioune, occurred on 18 July 1867. It was a religious war between the Serer people and the Muslim Marabouts in 19th-century Senegal and the Gambia, but it also had a political and economic dimension to it: vendetta and empire-building.

Senegal

Battle of Acayuazá

The Battle of Acayuazá was fought on July 18, 1868, on the outskirts of Reduto-Corá between the allied troops of the Triple Alliance and the Paraguayan army. Despite being outnumbered, the Paraguayan troops prevailed over the allies.

The Ballot Act 1872 in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot

The Ballot Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 33) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced the requirement for parliamentary and local government elections in the United Kingdom to be held by secret ballot. The act abolished the traditional hustings system of nomination and election in Britain.

Battle of Vučji Do

The Battle of Vučji Do (Serbian Cyrillic: Битка код Вучјег дола) was a major battle that took place on 18 July 1876 in Vučji Do, Sanjak of Herzegovina, fought between the combined forces of Montenegrin and Eastern Herzegovinian tribes (battalions) against the Ottoman Army under Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha. The Montenegrin-Herzegovinian forces heavily defeated the Ottomans, and managed to capture two of their commanders.

Montenegro

Third Battle of Manzanillo

The Third Battle of Manzanillo was fought in the harbor of Manzanillo, Cuba on July 18, 1898. A large squadron of the United States Navy consisting of gunboats and auxiliaries attacked and cleared the harbor of a comparable force of Spanish vessels in the third largest naval battle of the Spanish–American War.

Cuba

1900 Waihemo by-election

The Waihemo by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Waihemo, a rural seat in Otago, in the South Island. The seat was won by former MP Thomas Mackenzie.

New Zealand

1907 Colne Valley by-election

The 1907 Colne Valley by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 18 July 1907. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

United Kingdom

Siege of Vidin (1913)

The siege of Vidin was an attempt by the Serbian Army to seize the Bulgarian city of Vidin during the Second Balkan War. The siege took place between 12 and 18 July 1913.

Southern Dobruja Offensive

The Southern Dobruja Offensive was the opening action of the Romanian invasion of Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War of 1913. At the time of the invasion, the Bulgarian Army was engaged in heavy fighting against Serbia and Greece. Aside from Southern Dobruja itself, Varna was also briefly occupied by Romanian cavalry, until it became apparent that no Bulgarian resistance would be offered.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Bulgaria

The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time

The Aviation Section, Signal Corps, was the aerial warfare service of the United States from 1914 to 1918, and a direct statutory ancestor of the United States Air Force. It absorbed and replaced the Aeronautical Division, Signal Corps, and conducted the activities of Army aviation until its statutory responsibilities were suspended by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918.

Second battle of Przasnysz

The second battle of Przasnysz took place at the beginning of a major Bug-Narew Offensive of the Imperial German army on the German Eastern front. In the course of a stubborn battle, German troops under the command of Max von Gallwitz broke into the heavily fortified defenses of the outnumbered Russian army and took the city of Przasnysz.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Poland

Second Battle of the Marne

The Second Battle of the Marne (French: Seconde Bataille de la Marne; 15 – 18 July 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, led by French forces and supported by several hundred Renault FT tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

German spring offensive

The German spring offensive, also known as Kaiserschlacht ("Emperor's Battle") or the Ludendorff offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918. Following the American entry into the war in April 1917, the Germans decided that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the United States could ship soldiers across the Atlantic and fully deploy its resources.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France · Belgium

1921 Alberta general election

The 1921 Alberta general election was held on July 18, 1921, to elect members to the 5th Alberta Legislative Assembly. The United Farmers of Alberta is elected to replace the Liberal government. It was one of only five times that Alberta changed governments. A very-new United Farmers of Alberta political party defeated the Liberal Party, which had governed the province since its creation in 1905, led by Charles Stewart at the time of the election.

1922 Manitoba general election

The 1922 Manitoba general election was held on July 18, 1922 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. The United Farmers of Manitoba won a narrow majority in the legislature. As in the previous election of 1920, the city of Winnipeg elected ten members by the single transferable ballot. All other constituencies elected one member by first-past-the-post balloting.

Release of Mein Kampf

Mein Kampf (German: [maɪn ˈkampf]; lit. 'My Struggle') is a 1925 autobiographical and political manifesto by Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party. The book outlines many of Hitler's political beliefs, his political ideology, and his future plans for Germany and the world. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. The combined volumes encompass roughly 750 pages.

1928 British Columbia general election

The 1928 British Columbia general election was the seventeenth general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on June 7, 1928, and held on July 18, 1928. The new legislature met for the first time on January 22, 1929.

Bombing of Tétouan

On 18 July 1936 the Moroccan city of Tétouan was the target of an aerial bombardment, carried out by Spanish aircraft loyal to the Second Spanish Republic, barely hours after the beginning of the rebellion that triggered the Spanish Civil War.

Tétouan, Morocco

Beisfjord massacre

The Beisfjord massacre (Norwegian: Beisfjord-massakren) was a massacre on 18 July 1942 in Beisfjord, Norway of 288 political prisoners who were killed at Lager I Beisfjord (German for "Beisfjord Camp No.1", Norwegian: Beisfjord fangeleir). The massacre had been ordered a few days earlier by the Reichskommissar for Norway Josef Terboven.

Norway

Operation Scylla

Operation Scylla (Italian: Operazione Scilla) was the transit of Scipione Africano, a Regia Marina (Italian Royal Navy) Capitani Romani-class cruiser, on the night of 17/18 July 1943, during the Second World War. The cruiser sailed from La Spezia in the Tyrrhenian Sea to Taranto in the Ionian Sea during the Allied invasion of Sicily. Scipione Africano fought a night engagement against four British motor torpedo boats (MTBs) during its passage of the Strait of Messina.

New Georgia counterattack

The New Georgia counterattack was a counterattack on 17–18 July 1943 by mainly Imperial Japanese Army troops against United States Army forces during the New Georgia campaign in the Solomon Islands. The U.S. and its allies were attempting to capture an airfield constructed by the Japanese at Munda Point on New Georgia with which to support further advances towards the main Japanese base around Rabaul as part of Operation Cartwheel.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Solomon Islands

Battle of Ancona

The Battle of Ancona was fought between forces from Poland serving as part of the British Army and German forces that took place from 16 June–18 July 1944 during the Italian campaign in World War II. The battle was the result of an Allied plan to capture the city of Ancona in Italy in order to gain possession of a seaport closer to the fighting so that they could shorten their lines of communication.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

World War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan because of numerous setbacks in the war effort

Hideki Tojo (30 December 1884 – 23 December 1948) was a Japanese military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. His leadership was marked by widespread state violence and mass killings perpetrated in the name of Japanese nationalism. Born into a military family of samurai descent in Kōjimachi, Tokyo, Tojo followed in his father's footsteps by pursuing a military career, graduating from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1905.

Operation Dekel

Operation Dekel (Hebrew: מבצע דקל, romanized: Mivtza Dekel, lit. 'Operation Palm Tree'), was the largest offensive by Israeli forces in the north of Palestine after the first truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was carried out by the 7th Armoured Brigade led by Canadian volunteer Ben Dunkelman (called Benjamin Ben-David in Israel), a battalion from the Carmeli Brigade, and some elements from the Golani Brigade between 8–18 July.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battles of Latrun (1948)

The Battles of Latrun were a series of military engagements between the Israel Defense Forces and the Jordanian Arab Legion on the outskirts of Latrun between 25 May and 18 July 1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Latrun takes its name from the monastery close to the junction of two major highways: Jerusalem to Jaffa/Tel Aviv and Gaza to Ramallah.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle for Jerusalem

The Battle for Jerusalem took place during the 1947–1948 civil war phase of the 1947–1949 Palestine war. It saw Jewish and Arab militias in Mandatory Palestine, and later the militaries of Israel and Transjordan, fight for control over the city of Jerusalem. Under the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Jerusalem was to be a corpus separatum (lit. 'separated body') administered by an international body.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Israel

Battle of Hill Eerie

The Battle of Hill Eerie (Tagalog: Labanan sa Burol ng Eerie; Korean: 이리고지 전투) refers to several Korean War engagements between the United Nations Command (UN) forces and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) in 1952 at Hill Eerie, a military outpost about 10 miles (16 km) west of Ch'orwon. It was taken several times by both sides; each sabotaging the others' position.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

North Korea

Dongshan Island Campaign

The Dongshan Island Campaign (traditional Chinese: 東山島戰役; simplified Chinese: 东山岛战役; pinyin: Dōngshān Dǎo Zhànyì) was a battle fought on Dongshan Island, Fujian between the Nationalists and the Communists during the Chinese Civil War when the Nationalists unsuccessfully attempted to retake the island from the Communists. The campaign was the last and largest battle between the two sides after the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1954 Taiwanese local elections

Local elections were held in Taiwan in 1954, the second nation-wide elections in the post-war era of Taiwan, electing all 21 mayors of cities and magistrates of counties. The election for the Provisional Taiwan Provincial Council was held alongside the local elections to elect 57 councillors.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Taiwan

Battle of Halhal

The Battle of Halhal was a battle of the Eritrean War of Independence, and took place on 18 July 1962. In the battle, the Eritrean Liberation Front was able to overrun the local police office in Halhal and control it for an entire day. The defenders, which were Eritrean Police commandos, had been trained by the Israeli military.

1962 Peruvian coup d'état

The 1962 Peruvian coup d'état was promoted by the then Chief of the Joint Command of the Peruvian Armed Forces, General Ricardo Pérez Godoy, against the outgoing government of Manuel Prado Ugarteche for alleged irregularities in the electoral process of that year.

Peru

15th Locarno Film Festival

The 15th Locarno Film Festival was held from 18 to 29 July 1962 in Locarno, Switzerland. Retrospective screenings were held in tribute to King Vidor and Jean Vigo. The top prize at the festival, the Golden Sail, went to The Winner directed by François Reichenbach. while the second prize went to Reach for Glory.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

1963 Greek Football Cup final

The 1963 Greek Cup final was the 21st final of the Greek Cup. The match took place on 18 July 1963 at Karaiskakis Stadium. The contesting teams were Olympiacos and Pierikos. It was Olympiacos' thirteenth Greek Cup final and eighth consecutive in their 38 years of existence and Pierikos' first ever Greek Cup final in their 2-year history.

Intel is founded in Mountain View, California

Intel Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It designs, manufactures, and sells computer components such as central processing units (CPUs) and related products for business and consumer markets. Intel was the world's third-largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue in 2024 and has been included in the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue since 2007.

1970 Atlantic Ocean Antonov An-22 crash

On July 18 1970, an Antonov An-22 of Soviet Air Forces crashed in the Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and Greenland, while on its way to Halifax, Canada. It was the first crash of the Antonov An-22 model and it resulted in the deaths of all 22 people on board.

Olympic Games

The modern Olympic Games (Olympics; French: Jeux olympiques) are a series of international multi-sport events. Considered among the biggest sporting events in the world, the Olympics are organised into distinct Summer and Winter Games, each featuring different sports. The Olympic Games, open to both amateur and professional athletes, involve thousands of athletes and more than 200 teams, each team representing a sovereign state or territory.

Nadia Comăneci becomes the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

1979 Lembata tsunami

On 18 July 1979, a portion of the Iliwerung volcano on Lembata collapsed into the Savu Sea, triggering a deadly tsunami that swept along the island's coastal villages. The tsunami was triggered by a landslide rather than a volcanic eruption. Estimates of the dead start at 539 while another 700 were reported missing. Many of the dead were never recovered.

Indonesia

Plan de Sánchez massacre

The Plan de Sánchez massacre took place in the Guatemalan village of Plan de Sánchez, Baja Verapaz department, on 18 July 1982. Over 250 people (mostly women and children, and almost exclusively ethnic Achi Maya) were abused and murdered by members of the armed forces and their paramilitary allies. The killings took place during one of the most violent phases of Guatemala's Civil War, which pitted various groups of left-wing insurgents against the government and the armed forces.

1982 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1982 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Semple Stadium on 18 July 1982 to determine the winners of the 1982 Munster Senior Hurling Championship. The final remains notable in the competition's history for the unprecedented margin of victory. Cork's defeat of Waterford by 5-31 to 3-6 established a record for the largest winning margin in the Munster Senior Hurling Championship final, a record that stood for many years.

San Ysidro McDonald's massacre

The San Ysidro McDonald's massacre was a mass shooting that occurred in and around a McDonald's restaurant in the San Diego neighborhood of San Ysidro on July 18, 1984. The perpetrator, 41-year-old James Huberty, shot and killed 21 people and injured 19 others before being fatally shot by a SWAT team sniper. The shooting ranked as the deadliest mass shooting committed in the United States until the 1991 Luby's shooting. It is the second deadliest shooting rampage in which the perpetrator was killed by police as opposed to committing suicide, behind only the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting.

California, United States

1987 Austrian Supercup

The 1987 Austrian Supercup was a football match that saw the 1986–87 Bundesliga and 1986–87 Austrian Cup champions Rapid Wien face off against 1986-87 Austrian Cup finalists Swarovski Tirol. The match was held on 18 July 1987 at the Gerhard Hanappi Stadium in Vienna with 3,000 attendants. Rapid Wien defended their title that they won in the 1986 Austrian Supercup.

Vienna, Austria

1988 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1988 election. Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis won the 1988 Democratic nomination for President of the United States, and chose Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen as his running mate. Dukakis chose Bentsen in order to appeal to Southerners and in hopes of carrying Bentsen's home state of Texas.

16th Moscow International Film Festival

The 16th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 7 to 18 July 1989. The Golden St. George was awarded to the Italian film The Icicle Thief directed by Maurizio Nichetti.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1992 Croatian Football Super Cup

The 1992 Croatian Football Super Cup was the first edition of the Croatian Football Super Cup, a football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Croatian First League and Croatian Football Cup competitions. The match was played on 18 July 1992 at Stadion Maksimir in Zagreb between the 1992 Croatian First League winners Hajduk Split and 1992 Croatian Football Cup winners Inker Zaprešić.

Zagreb, Croatia

1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election

The 1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election followed the Labour Party's failure to win the 1992 general election and the subsequent resignation of deputy party leader Roy Hattersley. The ballot took place on 18 July 1992 at Labour Party Conference. Affiliated organisations had 40% of the vote, while Constituency Labour Parties and the Parliamentary Labour Party had 30% each in the electoral college.

1992 Labour Party leadership election

The 1992 Labour Party leadership election followed the Labour Party's failure to win the 1992 general election and the subsequent resignation of party leader Neil Kinnock. There were only two candidates in the election, with John Smith always the clear favourite to win. The ballot took place on 18 July 1992 at the Labour Party conference.

Beach Blast (1993)

Beach Blast 1993 was a major professional wrestling show that took place on July 18, 1993 at the Mississippi Coast Coliseum in Biloxi, Mississippi and was broadcast live on pay-per-view (PPV) in the United States. The show was produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and was the second year that WCW had used the name "Beach Blast" for one of their shows. In the main event the team billed as "the Superpowers" (Sting and Davey Boy Smith) faced a team nicknamed "the Masters of the Power Bomb" (Big Van Vader and Sid Vicious) as part of a longer running rivalry between the two sides.

Biloxi, Mississippi, United States

Japanese general election, 1993

Japan held a nationwide election to the House of Representatives, the more powerful lower house of the National Diet, on July 18, 1993.

Japan

AMIA bombing

The AMIA bombing was an attack on the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (AMIA; Argentine Israelite Mutual Association) building. It occurred in Buenos Aires on 18 July 1994, killing 85 people and injuring hundreds. It was Argentina's deadliest bombing ever. Argentina is home to a Jewish community of 230,000, the largest in Latin America and sixth in the world outside Israel (see Demographics of Argentina).

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)

The Battle of Mullaitivu (codenamed Operation Unceasing Waves by the Tamil Tigers), was a battle that occurred between 18–25 July 1996 for the control of the town of Mullaitivu in Sri Lanka. The battle was fought between units of the Sri Lankan Army (SLA) and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

Mullaitivu, Sri Lanka

Ruleta de la Muerte (1998)

Ruleta de la Muerte (1998) was a professional wrestling Pay-Per-View event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place on July 18, 1998 in Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico. The show featured the Ruleta de la Muerte¨(Spanish for "Roulette of Death") tournament, in which tag teams face off in a single elimination tournament, but unlike traditional tournaments it is the winning team that advances in the tournament. The losing team in the final match must wrestle each other in a Lucha de Apuestas match, where either their mask or their hair is on the line.

Mexico City, Mexico

July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes

On July 18, 1998, a Yugoslav Army (VJ) border patrol ambushed a column of Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) insurgents and foreign mujahideen just west of Deçan, on the frontier between Albania and Yugoslavia. The ambush resulted in the deaths of four KLA fighters and 18 mujahideen, most of whom were citizens of Saudi Arabia. Twelve militants were wounded, and a further six were arrested by the Yugoslav authorities and charged with illegal entry and gunrunning.

Ruleta de la Muerte (1999)

Ruleta de la Muerte (1999) was a professional wrestling Pay-Per-View event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place on July 18, 1999 in Palacio del Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico. The show featured the Ruleta de la Muerte¨(Spanish for "Roulette of Death") tournament, in which tag teams face off in a single elimination tournament, but unlike traditional tournaments it is the winning team that advances in the tournament. The losing team in the final match must wrestle each other in a Lucha de Apuestas match, where either their mask or their hair is on the line.

Mexico City, Mexico

Heat Wave (1999)

Heat Wave (1999) was the sixth Heat Wave professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). The event took place on July 18, 1999 from the Hara Arena in Dayton, Ohio. The event featured six professional wrestling matches. The main event was a tag team match, in which the team of Rob Van Dam and Jerry Lynn (with Bill Alfonso) defeated Impact Players (Lance Storm and Justin Credible).

Ohio, United States

1999 Copa América final

The 1999 Copa América final was the final match of the 1999 Copa América. It was held on 18 July 1999, in Asunción. Brazil won the match against Uruguay 3–0, earning a sixth Copa América title.

Fijian presidential election, 2000

A Presidential election took place in Fiji on 18 July 2000, to replace Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, who had resigned, possibly under pressure from the Military, during the Fiji coup of 2000. The Great Council of Chiefs, an assembly of mostly hereditary chiefs which is constitutionally empowered to elect the President, chose the Tui Vuda (Paramount Chief of Vuda), Ratu Josefa Iloilovatu Uluivuda (commonly known simply as Ratu Josefa Iloilo), who had been Vice-President under Mara, to succeed him. Iloilo had already exercised Presidential duties since 13 July, when the Military had asked him to take over the office.

Fiji

2002 Pendang by-election

The 2002 Pendang by-election is a by-election for the Dewan Rakyat federal seat of Pendang, Malaysia that were held on 18 July 2002. It was called following the death of the incumbent, Fadzil Noor on 23 June 2002. The by election was held on the same day as the 2002 Anak Bukit by-election.

Malaysia

2002 Anak Bukit by-election

The 2002 Anak Bukit by-election is a by-election for the Kedah State Legislative Assembly state seat of Anak Bukit, Malaysia that were held on 18 July 2002. It was called following the death of the incumbent, Fadzil Noor on 23 June 2002. The by election was held on the same day as the 2002 Pendang by-election.

A Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer crashes near Estes Park, Colorado, killing both crew members

The Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer is an American World War II and Korean War era patrol bomber of the United States Navy derived from the Consolidated B-24 Liberator. The Navy had been using B-24s with only minor modifications as the PB4Y-1 Liberator, and along with maritime patrol Liberators used by RAF Coastal Command, this type of patrol plane was proven successful.

Perejil Island crisis

The Perejil Island crisis (Spanish: Incidente de la Isla de Perejil; Arabic: أزمة جزيرة تورة) was a bloodless armed conflict between Spain and Morocco that took place on 11–18 July 2002. The incident took place over the small, uninhabited Perejil Island, when a squad of the Royal Moroccan Navy occupied it. After an exchange of declarations between both countries, the Spanish troops eventually evicted the Moroccan infantry who had relieved their Navy comrades.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

2004 Leinster Senior Football Championship final

The 2004 Leinster Senior Football Championship final was the final football match of the 2004 Leinster Senior Football Championship (SFC), contested by Laois and Westmeath over two games in Croke Park, Dublin. The first game finished level so a replay occurred. Westmeath won their first ever title at senior level, leaving Wicklow and Fermanagh as the only other counties yet to achieve this.

Ireland

Destiny (2005)

Destiny was the first Destiny professional wrestling event produced by Pro Wrestling Noah. The event took place on July 18, 2005 at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan, and marked Noah's second event to take place in the arena, after 2004's Departure. The main event was marketed as the last match between longtime rivals Toshiaki Kawada and Mitsuharu Misawa, who, once both signed to All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), had since gone separate ways, with Kawada remaining in All Japan and Misawa leaving to form Noah.

Tokyo, Japan

Mauritanian presidential election, 2009

A presidential election was held in Mauritania on 18 July 2009. Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, who led the 2008 coup d'état, won a narrow first-round majority in the election, according to official results. A second round, if necessary, would have been held on 1 August 2009. Following the coup which deposed President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi on 6 August 2008, the new junta (the High Council of State) promised that a presidential election would be held "as soon as possible". The election was subsequently scheduled for 6 June 2009.

Mauritania

Operation Oqab

Operation Oqab (Eagle in English, Adler in German) was a military operation conducted by ISAF and Afghan National Army troops, in July 2009, with the objective to force the Taliban out of Kunduz Province.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Afghanistan

Money in the Bank (2010)

Money in the Bank (2010) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and presented by A&E's Criss Angel Mindfreak. It took place on July 18, 2010, at the Sprint Center in Kansas City, Missouri. The first annual Money in the Bank show, it featured the Money in the Bank ladder match, with a match held for both the Raw and SmackDown brands.

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

2010 Supercupa României

The 2010 Supercupa României was the 12th edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Cluj-Napoca at Dr. Constantin Rădulescu on 18 July 2010, and was contested between Liga I title holders and Supercup defending champions, CFR Cluj and Liga I runners-up, FC Unirea Urziceni. This was the first edition of the Supercup to face the Liga I winners and the league's runners-up, since CFR won the double in 2010.

2012 Burgas bus bombing

The 2012 Burgas bus bombing was a terrorist attack carried out by a suicide bomber on a passenger bus transporting Israeli tourists at the Burgas Airport in Burgas, Bulgaria on 18 July 2012. The bus was carrying forty-two Israelis, mainly youths, from the airport to their hotels, after arriving on a flight from Tel Aviv. The explosion killed the Bulgarian bus driver and five Israelis and injured thirty-two Israelis, resulting in international condemnation of the bombing. In February 2013, Tsvetan Tsvetanov, the Bulgarian interior minister, said there was “well-grounded” evidence that Hezbollah was behind the attack.

Bulgaria

18 July 2012 Damascus bombing

The 18 July 2012 Damascus bombing, widely known as the "Crisis Cell" bombing, of the National Security headquarters in Rawda Square, Damascus, killed and injured a number of top military and security officials of the Syrian government. Among the dead were the Syrian defense minister and deputy defense minister. The bombing occurred during the Syrian civil war, and is considered to be one of the most notorious events to affect the conflict.

Destination X (2013)

The 2013 Destination X (also known as Impact Wrestling: Destination X) was professional wrestling produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), which took place on July 18 at the Broadbent Arena in Louisville, Kentucky. It was the ninth event under the Destination X chronology. Unlike the previous events, this event was not held on pay-per-view (PPV) and instead aired as a special live episode of Impact Wrestling on Spike TV.

United States

UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Leites

UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Leites (also known as UFC Fight Night 72) was a mixed martial arts event held on July 18, 2015 at The SSE Hydro in Glasgow, Scotland.

Glasgow, United Kingdom · Scotland, United Kingdom

2015 Justice Party (South Korea) leadership election

The Justice Party held a leadership election between 6 and 18 July 2015. It was an election to elect a new leader as Cheon Ho-sun fulfilled his two-year term of office.

South Korea

2015 FC Barcelona presidential election

The 2015 FC Barcelona presidential election was the thirteenth FC Barcelona presidential election, held on Saturday 18 July 2015. The interim president Josep Maria Bartomeu's candidacy got re-elected by defeating the three other main challengers: Joan Laporta, former President of the club, Toni Freixa, a former executive, and Agustí Benedito, an entrepreneur.

Operation Alpha 29

Operation Alpha 29 (Indonesian: Operasi Alfa 29) was a military operation launched by Team Alfa 29 from the 515th Raider Infantry Battalion Kostrad of the Indonesian Army on 18 July 2016 in Tambarana, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. This operation was carried out to capture, paralyze, or kill Santoso (known as Abu Wardah), the leader of the East Indonesia Mujahideen.

Indonesia

2017 Bermudian general election

General elections were held in Bermuda on 18 July 2017 to elect all 36 members to the House of Assembly. The result was a victory for the opposition Progressive Labour Party, which won 24 of the 36 seats. Incumbent Premier Michael Dunkley subsequently resigned as leader of the One Bermuda Alliance. Bob Richards, a senior minister and deputy premier in Dunkley's government unexpectedly lost his Devonshire East seat.

Bermuda

Second Afar insurgency

The Second Afar insurgency was an insurgency in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea (also known as Dankalia), waged by various Afar rebel groups. Both Ethiopia and Eritrea supported different rebel groups in the region in a proxy war, and occasionally engaged in border skirmishes with each other, as well as with opposing rebel groups.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ethiopia · Eritrea

Kyoto Animation arson attack

The Kyoto Animation arson attack occurred at Kyoto Animation's Studio 1 building in the Fushimi ward of Kyoto, Japan, on the morning of 18 July 2019. The arson killed 36 people, injured an additional 34 (including the suspect), and destroyed most of the materials and computers in Studio 1.

Japan

Slammiversary (2020)

The 2020 Slammiversary was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on July 18, 2020, at the Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the sixteenth event under the Slammiversary chronology. Seven matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Eddie Edwards defeated Ace Austin, Trey, Eric Young, and Rich Swann (the last two being unannounced participants) in a five-way elimination match to win the vacant Impact World Championship.

Nashville, Tennessee, United States · Tennessee, United States

2021 São Toméan presidential election

Presidential elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 18 July 2021. As no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was originally scheduled to be held on 8 August 2021. However, following an objection to the first-round result, the second round was postponed to 29 August 2021, and later postponed again to 5 September 2021.

São Tomé and Príncipe

2021 Chilean presidential primaries

The Chilean presidential primaries of 2021 were held in Chile on Sunday 18 July 2021. According to the law, primaries are voluntary, but its results are binding. Two political coalitions decided to participate: Former minister Sebastián Sichel won the Chile Vamos primary with 49% of the vote, while deputy Gabriel Boric became the Apruebo Dignidad nominee with 60%. The Constituent Unity coalition decided not to participate.

Chile

2021 More Europe leadership election

The 2021 More Europe leadership election was a congressional primary election which took place on 16, 17 and 18 July 2021 at Rome to elect the new party leadership. The candidates to the Secretary were the outgoing Secretary and former MEP Benedetto Della Vedova and the former president of the think-tank FutureDem, Giulio del Balzo. With 76.7% of the votes, Benedetto Della Vedova was elected as Secretary of More Europe for a second term.

Italy

Money in the Bank (2021)

The 2021 Money in the Bank was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE, held for wrestlers from the promotion's main roster brands, Raw and SmackDown. It was the 12th annual Money in the Bank event and took place on July 18, 2021, at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas.

Texas, United States

2021 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 2021 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played on 18 July at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork City. It was contested by defending champions Limerick and Tipperary. It was the first Munster hurling final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh since it reopened in 2017 after redevelopment. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, only 7,000 were able to attend the match.

2021 Campeón de Campeones

The 2021 Campeón de Campeones was the 48th edition of the Campeón de Campeones, an annual football super cup match. It took place on 18 July 2021 between León, the Guardianes 2020 champion, and Cruz Azul, the Guardianes 2021 champion. The match took place at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, California, hosting for the fifth consecutive time.

United States

25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival

The 25th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (Korean: 제25회 부천국제판타스틱영화제), an international film festival held in Bucheon, South Korea, took place from 8 to 18 July 2021, it featured 257 films from 47 countries. The film festival due to the impact of the COVID-19 is held in a 'hybrid' format (online and offline) at 5 different locations including Oul Madang and CGV Picnic from July 8 to July 18.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

South Korea

2022 Indian presidential election

The 2022 Indian presidential election was the 16th presidential election in India held on 18 July 2022 to elect the president of India. The incumbent president Ram Nath Kovind did not run for reelection. Bharatiya Janata Party candidate Droupadi Murmu won the election by a margin of 296,626 votes against Yashwant Sinha, the United Opposition candidate.

India

2022 Israeli Labor Party leadership election

The 2022 Israeli Labor Party leadership election was held on 18 July 2022 to elect the leader of the Israeli Labor Party in the lead-up to the 2022 Israeli legislative election. The election saw the incumbent party leader, Merav Michaeli, reelected with 82% of the vote, fending off a challenge by party secretary Eran Hermoni.

2022 CONCACAF W Championship final

The 2022 CONCACAF W Championship Final was an association football match between Canada and the United States that took place on 18 July 2022. The match determined the winner of the 2022 CONCACAF W Championship at Estadio BBVA in Guadalupe, Mexico. It was the 11th final of the CONCACAF W Championship, a quadrennial tournament that consists of the women's national teams from CONCACAF to determine the best women's football country in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

2025 Iraq FA Cup final

The 2025 Iraq FA Cup final was the 32nd final of the Iraq FA Cup as a club competition. The match was contested between local rivals Duhok and Zakho, at Al-Shaab Stadium in Baghdad. It was played on 18 July 2025 to be the final match of the competition. Both teams were making their first appearance in the Iraq FA Cup final.

Baghdad, Iraq

2025 University of Cambridge Chancellor election

The 2025 University of Cambridge election for the position of Chancellor was announced after the resignation of the incumbent, David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United Kingdom