7月23日发生过什么？

Siege of Safed (1266)

The siege of Safed (13 June – 23 July 1266) was part of the campaign of the Mamluk sultan Baybars I to reduce the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The castle of Safed belonged to the Knights Templar and put up strong resistance. Direct assault, mining and psychological warfare were all employed to force the garrison to surrender. It was ultimately tricked into surrendering through treachery and the Templars were massacred.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Chios (1319)

The Battle of Chios was a naval battle fought off the shore of the eastern Aegean island of Chios between a Latin Christian—mainly Hospitaller—fleet and a Turkish fleet from the Aydinid emirate. The Christian fleet was victorious, but for the Aydinids, who had been engaging in piracy since the collapse of Byzantine power, it was only a temporary setback in their rise to prominence.

Battle of Campo delle Mosche

The Battle of Campo delle Mosche (Battle of the Field of the Flies) took place on 23 July 1359 in the district of Pontedera in the state of Pisa, Italy between the forces of Florence and those of the mercenary Great Company. It resulted in a victory for the Florentine forces.

Italy

Battle of Gavere

The Battle of Gavere was fought near Semmerzake in Belgium on July 23, 1453 between an army under the Philip the Good of Burgundy and the rebelling city of Ghent. The army of the duke came out victorious and around 16,000 citizens of Ghent died. The battle of Gavere was part of the Revolt of Ghent.

Belgium

Conquest of the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1508)

The first conquest of the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera was undertaken on 23 July 1508 by a Spanish fleet under the command of Pedro Navarro.

Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)

The Third Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) was one of the Ottoman–Venetian wars which took place during the 16th century. The war arose out of the Franco-Ottoman alliance between Francis I of France and Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The initial plan between the two had been to jointly invade Italy, Francis through Lombardy in the North and Süleyman through Apulia to the South.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Antipaxos

The Battle of Antipaxos of 1537 was a naval encounter between a fleet captained by Andrea Doria, grand admiral of King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and an Ottoman flotilla led by Ali Çelebi. It frames in the Italian War of 1536–1538, but events in its course led also to the beginning of the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1537-1540.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Siege of Bridgwater (1645)

The siege of Bridgwater took place in July 1645, during the First English Civil War, when a Royalist garrison surrendered to a Parliamentarian force under Sir Thomas Fairfax. After their victory at Naseby in June, Fairfax and the New Model Army moved into Somerset, where they linked up with the Western Association Army led by Edward Massey.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United Kingdom

Battle of Ebeltoft

The Battle of Ebeltoft was a naval battle between a Swedish and a Danish/Dutch fleet, during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658 to 1660. The allied fleet was ordered to secure a troop transport fleet to the Swedish-controlled island Fyn. Eight Swedish frigates under the command of Owen Coxe attacked the fleet and took the allies by surprise.

Denmark

Battle of Marstrand

The battle of Marstrand was a successful Danish-Norwegian siege of the harbor town of Marstrand, Sweden which took place between 6 and 23 July 1677, during the Scanian War.

Sweden

Battle of Ortenbach

The Battle of Ortenbach, also known as the Battle of Gengenbach, took place on 23 July 1678 during the closing stages of the 1672-1678 Franco-Dutch War, in the modern German state of Baden-Württemberg. It featured a French army commanded by François de Créquy and an Imperial force under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine.

Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Bombardment of Chios (1681)

The Bombardment of Chios, was a diplomatic crisis that occurred between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of France in 1681. In response to the damage caused by the French fleet under the command of Abraham Duquesne by bombarding Chios on July 23, 1681 under the pretext of pursuing the ships of Tripoli, the Ottoman navy under the command of Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha blockaded the French fleet.

Battle of Endirey

The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and its allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and took place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat.

Siege of Mons (1746)

The siege of Mons took place from 7 June to 23 July 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession. The town of Mons, then part of the Austrian Netherlands, was besieged by a French army corps commanded by Louis François, Prince of Conti. The Austrian and Dutch defenders surrendered the town of Mons on 10 July, while the citadel fell to the French on 23 July.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Belgium

Battle of Sabbath Day Point

The Battle of Sabbath Day Point took place on 23 July 1757 just off the shore of Sabbath Day Point, Lake George, New York and ended in a French victory. The battle (actually better described as an ambush), pitched approximately 450 French and allied Indian forces under the leadership of Ensign de Corbiere of the Troupes de la Marine against 350 New Jersey Blues under the command of Colonel John Parker.

Battle of Kay

The Battle of Kay (German: Schlacht bei Kay), also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów or Battle of Paltzig, was a battle fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It occurred near Kay (Kije) in the Neumark, now part of Poland. General Carl Heinrich von Wedel, the commander of the Prussian army of 26,000 men, unwisely attacked a larger Russian army of 70,000 men commanded by Count Pyotr Saltykov, and was defeated. The Prussians lost 8,300 men; the Russians lost less than 5,000 men.

Kije, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland

Capture of Delhi (1760)

The Capture of Delhi, fought in 1760, pitted the forces of the Maratha Empire against those of the Durrani Empire led by Yakub Ali Khan. The Maratha army was commanded by Sadashivrao Bhau, a prominent military leader and cousin of the Maratha Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao. The Durrani army, on the other hand, was led by Yakub Ali Khan, a trusted general of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of the Durrani Empire.

Siege of Mainz (1793)

In the siege of Mainz (German: Belagerung von Mainz), from 14 April to 23 July 1793, a coalition of Prussia, Austria, and other German states led by the Holy Roman Empire besieged and captured Mainz from revolutionary French forces. The allies, especially the Prussians, first tried negotiations, but this failed, and the bombardment of the city began on the night of 17 June.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Irish rebellion of 1803

The Irish rebellion of 1803 was an attempt by Irish republicans to seize the seat of the British government in Ireland, Dublin Castle, and trigger a nationwide insurrection. Renewing the struggle of 1798, they were organised under a reconstituted United Irish directorate. Hopes of French aid, of a diversionary rising by radical militants in England, and of Presbyterians in the north-east rallying once more to the cause of a republic were disappointed.

Ireland

Battle of Silda

Battle of Silda (Affæren ved Silden or Affæren ved Stadt) was a naval battle fought on 23 July 1810 between the United Kingdom and Denmark–Norway near the Norwegian island of Silda in Sogn og Fjordane county. The battle occurred during the Gunboat War, itself part of the Napoleonic Wars. In the battle, two British frigates captured or destroyed three or four Dano-Norwegian gunboats.

Norway

Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812)

The Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental was a short-lived attempt, beginning in 1811 and ending the following year, by the Portuguese Empire to annex the remaining territory of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Uruguay

Battle of García Hernández

The Battle of García Hernández was fought on 23 July 1812 during the Peninsular War. In the battle, two cavalry brigades of the British Army's King's German Legion (KGL) under Major-General Eberhardt Otto George von Bock defeated 4,000 French troops led by General Maximilien Sébastien Foy. In what would otherwise have been an unremarkable skirmish, the KGL dragoons achieved the unusual feat of breaking two French squares, those of the 6th, 69th and 76th Line, routing the entire French force with heavy losses.

Battle of Saltanovka

The Battle of Saltanovka, also known as the Battle of Mogilev (French: Bataille de Mogilev), took place on 23 July 1812 during the early stages of the 1812 French invasion of Russia.

Siege of Huajuapan de León

The siege of Huajuapan de León was a battle of the Mexican War of Independence that was fought from 5 April to 23 July 1812 at Huajuapan de León, in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown, and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

Battle of Ponte Ferreira

The Battle of Ponte Ferreira, fought on 22–23 July 1832, was the first major battle of the Portuguese Civil War between the forces of Dom Pedro, ex-Emperor of Brazil and Regent for his daughter Maria da Glória, and the army of his brother Dom Miguel, who had usurped the throne of Portugal.

Battle of Ghazni

The Battle of Ghazni (or Ghuznee) took place in the city of Ghazni in central Afghanistan on July 23, 1839 during the First Anglo-Afghan War.

Afghanistan

Battle of the Caloosahatchee

The Battle of the Caloosahatchee, also called the Caloosahatchee Massacre, was a battle that took place during the Second Seminole War on July 23, 1839. A large, diverse group of allied Native Americans attacked a trading post and U.S. Army encampment along the Caloosahatchee River near modern North Fort Myers. The U.S. Army troops were part of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Harney.

Florida, United States

Battle of the Valerik River

The Battle of the Valerik River on 11 July 1840 was fought as part of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It occurred about 30 km (19 miles) southwest of the fortress of Groznaya (now Grozny) between forces of the Imperial Russian Army and North Caucasian mountaineers led by the naib (viceroy) Ahberdila Muhammad. It remains famous because of the poem "Valerik" by Mikhail Lermontov, a participant.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Russia

Whanganui campaign

The Whanganui campaign was a brief round of hostilities in the North Island of New Zealand as indigenous Māori fought British settlers and military forces in 1847. The campaign, which included a siege of the fledgling Whanganui settlement (then named "Petre"), was among the earliest of the 19th century New Zealand Wars that were fought over issues of land and sovereignty.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

New Zealand

Battle of Manassas Gap

The Battle of Manassas Gap, also known as the Battle of Wapping Heights, took place on July 23, 1863, in Warren County, Virginia, at the conclusion of General Robert E. Lee's retreat back to Virginia in the final days of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Union forces attempted to force passage across the Blue Ridge Mountains and attack the Confederate rear as it formed a defensive position in the upper Shenandoah Valley. Despite successfully forcing the passage at Manassas Gap, the Union force was unable to do so before Lee retreated further up the valley to safety, resulting in an inconclusive battle.

Warren County, Virginia, United States

Battle of Hundheim

The Battle of Hundheim took place during the Austro-Prussian War as part of the Campaign of the Main on 23 July 1866 between the combined forces of the Prussia and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha against the armies of Baden.

Capture of the steamer Rímac

The Capture of the steamer Rímac or the Hunt and seizure of the Chilean transport Rímac was a part of the Raids of Huáscar during the Naval campaign of the War of the Pacific. During an expedition over the conflicting seas, the Peruvian Navy ships, Huáscar and Unión, apprehend the Chilean war steamer Rímac, which was an artillery transport, taking all its cargo and capturing its crew, including a squad of the Carabineros de Yungay.

Chile

Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina

The Boundary Treaty of 1881 (Spanish: Tratado de Límites de 1881) between Argentina and Chile was signed on 23 July 1881 in Buenos Aires by Bernardo de Irigoyen, for Argentina, and Francisco de Borja Echeverría, for Chile, with the aim of establishing a precise border between the two countries based on the uti possidetis juris principle.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Establishment of World Gymnastics

World Gymnastics, formerly the International Gymnastics Federation, is the body governing competition in all disciplines of gymnastics. Its headquarters is in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was founded on 23 July 1881 in Liège, Belgium, making it the world's oldest existing international sports organisation. Originally called the European Federation of Gymnastics, it had three member countries — Belgium, France and the Netherlands — until 1921, when non-European countries were admitted and the organization changed its name to the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique.

Japanese occupation of Gyeongbokgung

The Japanese occupation of Gyeongbokgung Palace (Korean: 일본군의 경복궁 점령) or the Gabo Incident occurred on 23 July 1894, during the ceasefire of the Donghak Peasant Revolution and the beginning of the First Sino-Japanese War. Imperial Japanese forces led by Japanese Minister Plenipotentiary to Korea Ōtori Keisuke and Ōshima Yoshimasa occupied Gyeongbokgung palace to restore King Gojong's father Heungseon Daewongun and establish a pro-Japanese government under Kim Hong-jip and the Enlightenment Party's administration.

South Korea

Battle of Manimani

The Battle of Manimani was a failed American landing attempt west of Bahia Honda, Cuba. On July 23, 1898, the U.S.S. Wanderer was disabled at the mouth of the Manimani River, after Spanish forces opened fire and shot two men. The ship eventually reached safety after Lieutenant John Heard took their position and transmitted orders to the engine room.

1913 Arkansas gubernatorial special election

The 1913 Arkansas gubernatorial special election took place on July 23, 1913. Acting governor Junius Marion Futrell chose to not seek a term in his own right, but in 1932 he would win a term as governor of Arkansas. Democratic George W. Hays defeated the Republican, Progressive and Socialist candidates Harry H. Myers, George W. Murphy and J. Emil Webber with 64.25% of the vote.

Arkansas, United States

Siege of Adrianople (1913)

The siege of Adrianople was a 1913 siege by the Ottoman Empire of Adrianople (modern-day Edirne, Turkey), which was defended by Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War. The Ottoman Empire recaptured Edirne.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

First Honduran Civil War

The First Honduran Civil War (Spanish: Primera guerra civil hondureña) or the Revolution of 19 (Spanish: Revolución del 19) was an armed conflict that took place in the Republic of Honduras in 1919. This was the first conflict in Honduran soil where the weapons and technological advances of the 20th century were felt.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Honduras

Prince Regent Aleksander Karađorđević signs the decree establishing the University of Ljubljana

Alexander I Karađorđević (Serbo-Croatian: Александар I Карађорђевић, Aleksandar I Karađorđević, 16 December [O.S. 4 December] 1888 – 9 October 1934) was King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 16 August 1921 to 3 October 1929 and King of Yugoslavia from 3 October 1929 until his assassination. His thirteen-year reign was the longest of the kingdom's three monarchs.

1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

The 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in Shanghai and Jiaxing between July 23 and August 2, 1921. The congress established the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

1935 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1935 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on 23 July 1935. The Liberal Party led by Walter Lea swept the board by winning every seat in every constituency. This was the first time that a government in the British Commonwealth would face no opposition in an elected chamber.

July 1936 coup d'état in Granada

The July 1936 coup d'état in Granada against the government of the Spanish Republic, which started the Civil War, managed to triumph in Granada and take control of the city. On July 20, at five o'clock in the afternoon, the garrison of Granada revolted against the Government.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties

The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (Catalan: Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya, PSUC) was a communist political party active in Catalonia between 1936 and 1997. It was the Catalan branch of the Communist Party of Spain and the only party not from a sovereign state to be a full member of the Third International.

Welles Declaration

The Welles Declaration was a diplomatic statement issued on July 23, 1940, by Sumner Welles, the acting US Secretary of State, condemning the June 1940 occupation by the Soviet army of the three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – and refusing to diplomatically recognize their subsequent annexation into the Soviet Union.

Bulgarian poet and communist activist Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad

Nikola Yonkov Vaptsarov (Bulgarian: Никола Йонков Вапцаров; Macedonian: Никола Јонков Вапцаров, romanized: Nikola Jonkov Vapcarov; 7 December 1909 – 23 July 1942) was a Bulgarian poet and Communist Party activist. He worked most of his life as a machinist, and wrote in his spare time. He published the poetry book, Motor Songs.

Battle of Sagami Bay

The Battle of Sagami Bay was a World War II anti-shipping raid off the tip of Bōsō Peninsula on the night of 22 July 1945. It was the last surface action of the war. Destroyer Squadron 61 (DesRon 61) of the U.S. Navy engaged with a Japanese convoy consisting of two freighters escorted by subchaser No. 42 and minesweeper No.1.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Egyptian revolution of 1952

On 23 July 1952, a coup began in Egypt with the toppling of King Farouk in a coup d'état by the Free Officers Movement, a group of army officers led by Mohamed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser. It ushered in a wave of revolutionary politics in the Arab world, contributing to the escalation of decolonization and the development of Third World solidarity during the Cold War.

Egypt

1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown

The 1954 Cathay Pacific Douglas DC-4 shootdown was an incident on 23 July 1954, when a Cathay Pacific Airways DC-4/C-54 airliner was shot down by a PLA Air Force fighter aircraft. The event occurred off the coast of Hainan Island, where the plane was en route from Bangkok to Hong Kong, killing 10 of 18 passengers and crew on board.

2nd Moscow International Film Festival

The 2nd Moscow International Film Festival was held from 9 to 23 July 1961. The Grand Prix was shared between the Japanese film The Naked Island directed by Kaneto Shindo and the Soviet film Clear Skies directed by Grigori Chukhrai.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Bizerte crisis

The Bizerte crisis (French: Crise de Bizerte; Arabic: أحداث بنزرت, romanized: ʾAḥdāth Bīnzart) occurred in July 1961 when Tunisia imposed a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte, Tunisia, hoping to force its evacuation. The crisis culminated in a three-day battle between French and Tunisian forces that left 630 Tunisians and 24 French dead.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Tunisia

Establishment of Sandinista National Liberation Front

The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Spanish: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas (Spanish pronunciation: [sandiˈnistas]) in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto César Sandino, who, in the 1930s, led the resistance against the country's occupation by the United States.

International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos

The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos was an international agreement signed in Geneva on July 23, 1962, between 14 states, including Laos, as a result of the International Conference on the Settlement of the Laotian Question, which lasted from May 16, 1961, to July 23, 1962.

Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame

Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who was the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947. The Dodgers signing Robinson heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball, which had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s.

19th Locarno Film Festival

The 19th Locarno Film Festival was held from 23 July to 31 July 1966, in Locarno, Switzerland. This year was the first festival after the departure of long-time festival director Vincio Berretta. There was speculation that Berretta's departure was due to recurring accusations that he was too "left-wing", as he let in films from China, Russia, and the Eastern Bloc to the festival long before other Western film festivals began to, along with the desire for more Hollywood productions in the festival.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

El Al Flight 426

El Al Flight 426 was an El Al Boeing 707 passenger flight hijacked on 23 July 1968 by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), setting off a wave of hijackings by the PFLP.

Operation Nantucket Beach

Operation Nantucket Beach was a security operation during the Vietnam War conducted by the 198th Light Infantry Brigade, 23rd Infantry Division on the Batangan Peninsula from 23 July 1969 to 10 March 1971.

1970 Omani coup d'état

On 23 July 1970, Qaboos bin Said overthrew his father Said bin Taimur, the Sultan of Muscat and Oman. Occurring amid the Dhofar rebellion, the palace coup was executed by the British and saw Said deposed and sent into exile to the United Kingdom. Following the coup, Qaboos implemented a policy of modernization. At the time of his death in January 2020, he was the longest-serving ruler in the Middle East.

Oman

Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord

The Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord was a 23-day battle between elements of the U.S. Army 101st Airborne Division and two reinforced divisions of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) that took place from 1 to 23 July 1970. It was the last major confrontation between United States ground forces and the PAVN during the Vietnam War.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ajlun offensive

The Ajlun offensive, also known as the Battle of the Scrubland, was a major military engagement between Jordan and the Palestine Liberation Organization during the Black September conflict in 1971. Jordanian troops encircled thousands of Palestinian fedayeen and forced them to evacuate the area.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Jordan

The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite

Landsat 1 (LS-1), formerly named Earth Resources Technology Satellite ERTS-A or ERTS-1, was the first satellite of the United States' Landsat program. It was a modified version of the Nimbus 4 meteorological satellite and was launched on July 23, 1972, by a Delta 0900 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. It was the first satellite to carry a Multispectral Scanner.

8th Moscow International Film Festival

The 8th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 10 to 23 July 1973. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Soviet film That Sweet Word: Liberty! directed by Vytautas Žalakevičius and the Bulgarian film Affection directed by Ludmil Staikov.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

9th Moscow International Film Festival

The 9th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 10 to 23 July 1975. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Polish film The Promised Land directed by Andrzej Wajda, the Soviet-Japanese film Dersu Uzala directed by Akira Kurosawa and the Italian film We All Loved Each Other So Much directed by Ettore Scola.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1977 Singaporean by-elections

On 14 May and 23 July 1977 in Singapore, by-elections were respectively held for the constituencies of Radin Mas and Bukit Merah. They were called following the deaths of their respective Member of Parliament, Govindasamy Naidu and Lim Guan Hoo.

Singapore

Twilight Zone accident

On July 23, 1982, a Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter crashed at Indian Dunes in Valencia, Santa Clarita, California, during the making of Twilight Zone: The Movie. The crash killed three people on the ground – actor Vic Morrow and two child actors, Myca Dinh Le and Renee Shin-Yi Chen – as well as injuring the six helicopter passengers. The incident led to years of civil and criminal action, and was directly responsible for the introduction of new procedures and safety standards within the filmmaking industry.

California, United States

On July 23, 1982, due to the influence of the Meiyu front, a cloudburst occurred around Nagasaki

The 1982 Nagasaki flood (Japanese: 長崎大水害) was caused by a cloudburst that occurred mainly in Nagasaki, Japan in July 1982.

Sri Lankan civil war

The Sri Lankan civil war was fought in Sri Lanka from 1983 to 2009. Beginning on 23 July 1983, it was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers) led by Velupillai Prabhakaran. The LTTE fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north-east of the island in response to continuous discrimination and violent persecution against Sri Lankan Tamils by the predominantly Sinhalese government of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka

Four Four Bravo ambush

Four Four Bravo was the call sign of a fifteen-man Sri Lankan Army patrol, deployed in the Jaffna Peninsula on 23 July 1983. The patrol was ambushed and thirteen of its members were killed by the LTTE. This incident sparked the Thirunelveli massacre and the Black July riots and is considered to be the start of the Sri Lankan Civil War.

Jaffna, Sri Lanka

Gimli Glider

Air Canada Flight 143 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight between Montreal and Edmonton. On July 23, 1983, the Boeing 767 servicing the route ran out of fuel midway through the flight. The fuel gauge was not operating, and the plane's tanks had been underfilled because of an incorrect calculation.

The Brawl to End It All

The Brawl to End It All was a professional wrestling event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and broadcast live on MTV. It took place at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York on July 23, 1984. The show was a major event in the Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection in the mid-1980s WWF. The main event featured The Fabulous Moolah defending the WWF Women's Championship against Wendi Richter. Richter pinned Moolah to win the Women's Championship. It was the only match of the event that was shown on national television. The entire event was recorded and shown on the Madison Square Garden Network however.

New York City, United States

Japanese House of Councillors election, 1989

Elections for the Japanese House of Councillors were held in Japan on 23 July 1989. The election result was a setback for ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) because of the Recruit scandal, the introduction of a 3% consumption tax, and the involvement of Prime Minister Uno Sōsuke in a sex scandal. This is the first time that the LDP lost the majority in the House of Councillors. Until 2016, due to the House of Councillors without a simple majority, LDP need to cooperate and form coalitions with other parties. The Japan Socialist Party-led oppositions won a majority of seats.

Japan

The Great American Bash (1989)

The 1989 Great American Bash was the first Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) banner and the fifth annual Great American Bash event overall; the previous events were held by the former NWA's Jim Crockett Promotions. It took place on July 23, 1989, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland.

Maryland, United States

1992 Japanese House of Councillors election

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan in 1992. Only half of the seats in the House of Councillors were up for election.

Japan

China Northwest Airlines Flight 2119

China Northwest Airlines Flight 2119 (WH2119) was a domestic flight from Yinchuan Xihuayuan Airport, Ningxia to Beijing Capital International Airport, China. On July 23, 1993, the BAe 146-300 crashed into a lake after it was unable to get airborne while attempting to take off at Yinchuan Airport, killing 54 passengers and 1 crew member on board.

People's Republic of China

Battle of Aghdam

The Battle of Aghdam (June – July 1993) took place on 23 July 1993 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, during which Armenian forces captured the Azerbaijani city of Aghdam. The city of Aghdam, which had about 50,000 inhabitants prior to its capture, is located about 30 km northeast of Stepanakert and 5 km east of the border of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.

Azerbaijan

1993 Seychellois general election

General elections were held in the Seychelles between 20 and 23 July 1993 following the approval of a new constitution in a referendum on 18 June. They were the first-ever multi-party elections for President and the first multi-party election for the National Assembly since 1974. The Assembly was increased from 22 to 33 seats by the addition of 11 seats to be elected by proportional representation in addition to the 22 constituency seats.

In Your House 2

In Your House 2 (retroactively titled In Your House 2: The Lumberjacks) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was the second pay-per-view of the In Your House series. It took place on July 23, 1995, at the Nashville Municipal Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee. The pay-per-view consisted of six professional wrestling matches, while three other matches were only shown to the live audience in the arena. In the main event WWF World Champion Diesel defeated Sid in a Lumberjack match. In the undercard, Shawn Michaels defeated Jeff Jarrett for the Intercontinental Championship and The Roadie defeated 1–2–3 Kid.

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

1995 Copa América final

The 1995 Copa América final was the final match of the 1995 Copa América. It was held on July 23, 1995, in Montevideo, Uruguay. This was the fourth final for both Uruguay and reigning World Champion Brazil, and the third final featuring the two teams; previously Uruguay had defeated Brazil in 1983, with Brazil returning the favor in 1989 at the Estádio do Maracanã.

Montevideo, Uruguay

1995 Japanese House of Councillors election

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan in 1995. Because of the circumstances of its creation, the opposition party New Frontier Party held seats in the House of Councillors without having won them in the prior election. Many of them were former members of the LDP. The elections was historic in that the New Frontier Party replaced the Japanese Socialist Party, which had been the largest opposition party for 38 years, and entered coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party.

Japan

Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later

Comet Hale–Bopp (formally designated C/1995 O1) is a long-period comet that was one of the most widely observed of the 20th century and one of the brightest seen for many decades. Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp discovered Comet Hale–Bopp separately on July 23, 1995, before it became visible to the naked eye.

1996 Bangladeshi presidential election

The Bangladeshi presidential election of 1996 was held on July 23, 1996. Shahabuddin Ahmed was elected after being nominated by the ruling party. He replaced Abdur Rahman Biswas when his five-year term came to an end. His inauguration ceremony was held October 9, 1996.

Bangladesh

1997 Trophée des Champions

The 1997 Trophée des Champions was a football match held at Stade de la Méditerranée, Béziers on 23 July 1997 that saw 1996–97 Division 1 champions AS Monaco FC defeat 1996–97 Coupe de France winners OGC Nice 5–2.

All Nippon Airways Flight 61

All Nippon Airways Flight 61 was a scheduled domestic flight from Tokyo Haneda Airport in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan and was en route to New Chitose Airport in Chitose, Japan, near Sapporo. On 23 July 1999, the Boeing 747-400 operating the flight with 503 passengers on board, including 14 children and 14 crew members on board, was hijacked by Yūji Nishizawa, a Japanese passenger on the flight.

Japan

Fully Loaded (2000)

Fully Loaded (2000) was the third and final Fully Loaded professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was presented by Twix and took place on July 23, 2000, at the Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas. The main event was a standard wrestling match for the WWF Championship. The Rock defended the title against Chris Benoit. The match stipulated that if Rock was disqualified, he would lose the title. He was disqualified, and as a result, Benoit won the title. However, the WWF Commissioner Mick Foley restarted the match. Rock then pinned Benoit after a Rock Bottom to retain the title.

Dallas, United States

2000 Bangkok gubernatorial election

The 2000 Bangkok gubernatorial election was the sixth election for the governorship of Bangkok, and was held on 23 July 2000. The election saw the independent candidate, Samak Sundaravej, beat the Thai Rak Thai candidate, Sudarat Keyuraphan. The election also saw Samak become the first candidate in a Bangkok gubernatorial election to reach more than a million votes, which he did with a total 1,016,096 votes.

Bangkok, Thailand

2000 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final

The 2000 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final was a football match which was played on 23 July 2000 at Gelora Senayan Main Stadium in Jakarta. It was contested by PSM Makassar and Pupuk Kaltim to determine the winner of the 1999–2000 Liga Indonesia Premier Division. PSM Makassar won the match 3–2 to claim their first-ever professional title.

Jakarta, Indonesia

Accession of Megawati Sukarnoputri

Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri (Indonesian: [meɡawati sukarnɔputri] ; born 23 January 1947) is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 and the eighth vice president under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 1999 to 2001. She is Indonesia's first and only female president to date, and also the first president born in Indonesia after its independence.

Leyenda de Plata (2004)

The Leyenda de Plata (2004) was professional wrestling tournament produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council") that ran from July 16, 2004, over the course of three of CMLL's Friday night shows in Arena México with the finals on July 30, 2004. The annual Leyenda de Plata tournament is held in honor of lucha libre legend El Santo and is one of CMLL's most important annual tournaments.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Mexico

Operation Marlborough

Operation Marlborough was the code name of a mission carried out by M squadron Special Boat Service. The mission involved an SBS team from Task Force Black, in Baghdad, Iraq, on 23 July 2005 with support the Special Air Service and U.S. military assets.

Baghdad, Iraq

2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings

The 2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings were committed by Islamist group Abdullah Azzam Brigades on 23 July 2005 in the Egyptian resort city of Sharm El Sheikh, at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula. Eighty-eight people were killed by the three bombings, the majority of them Egyptians, and over 200 were injured, making the attack the deadliest terrorist action in the history of Egypt, until it was surpassed by the 2017 Sinai mosque attack.

Egypt

The Great American Bash (2006)

The Great American Bash (2006) was the third annual Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on July 23, 2006, at the Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana and was a SmackDown! brand-exclusive event. The main event was Rey Mysterio versus King Booker for the World Heavyweight Championship, which Booker won by pinfall after Chavo Guerrero interfered. One of the predominant matches on the card was The Undertaker versus Big Show in the first Punjabi Prison match, which Undertaker won by escaping the structure. Another primary match on the undercard was Batista versus Mr.

Indianapolis, United States

2006 Egyptian Super Cup

The 2006–07 Egyptian Super Cup was the sixth edition of the Egyptian Super Cup, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Egyptian Premier League and Egypt Cup. The match is usually contested by the winners of the Premier League and the Egypt Cup, but since Al Ahly won the double (2005–06 Egyptian Premier League and 2005–06 Egypt Cup), ENPPI qualified instead of Zamalek (second-placed in the league and cup), who was prevented from playing the match by decision of the football association.

2008 German Supercup

The 2008 German Supercup, known as the T-Home Supercup for sponsorship reasons, was an unofficial edition of the German Supercup, a football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played at the Signal Iduna Park in Dortmund, and contested by 2007–08 Bundesliga and 2007–08 DFB-Pokal winners Bayern Munich, and DFB-Pokal runners-up Borussia Dortmund.

2009 Kyrgyz presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Kyrgyzstan on 23 July 2009. The date was set after the constitutional court ruled that the extension of the presidential term from four to five years did not apply until the next presidential election, calling for elections by 25 October 2009; in response, a parliament committee proposed the July election date, which was then passed by the incumbent president Kurmanbek Bakiyev's Ak Jol-dominated parliament.

Kyrgyzstan

2009 Norwich North by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Norwich North was held on 23 July 2009, following the resignation of incumbent Labour Party MP Ian Gibson after being banned from standing as the party's candidate at the next general election due to the MPs' expenses scandal. It was won by Chloe Smith of the Conservative Party, who at 27 years old became the youngest member of the House of Commons, known as the Baby of the House.

United Kingdom

Festival de las Máscaras (2010)

The 2010 Festival de las Máscaras (Spanish for "Festival of the Mask") was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on July 23, 2010. The show was held at the Centro Banamex Convention cente at the Hipódromo de las Américas race course, part of the 2010 Lucha Libre Expo For one night Cerebro Negro, Dr. Cerebro, El Pantera, Villano III, El Veneno, Scorpio Jr., Máscara Año 2000 and Universo 2000 all wore the mask they had lost in a Lucha de Apuestas, or bet match, in years prior.

Mexico City, Mexico

2010 Sangin airstrike

On July 23, 2010, a NATO attack killed and injured many Afghan civilians, most of whom were women and children, in the village of Sangin in Helmand province, Afghanistan. The Afghan government claimed that a helicopter-gunship rocket strike killed 52 civilians. Many other civilians including children were also injured and treated at Kandahar hospital. For weeks, US military and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) officials denied that there had been any such incident.

Helmand Province, Afghanistan

2010 Belgian Super Cup

The 2010 Belgian Super Cup was a football match played on 23 July 2010 between 2009–10 Belgian Pro League winners Anderlecht and 2009–10 Belgian Cup winners Gent. In a match with several chances for both teams, only Anderlecht managed to score once through Kouyaté. This meant the ninth Super Cup title for Anderlecht and left Gent still looking for their first win.

The English-Irish boy band One Direction were formed while auditioning for the 2010 series of the British singing competition The X Factor

One Direction, often shortened to 1D, were an English–Irish pop boy band formed in London in 2010. The group consisted of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, Louis Tomlinson and Zayn Malik (until his departure in 2015). The group sold over 70 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling boy bands of all time, before going on an indefinite hiatus in 2016.

2011 DFL-Supercup

The 2011 DFL-Supercup was the second DFL-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. It was a Revierderby between 2010–11 Bundesliga winners Borussia Dortmund, and 2010–11 DFB-Pokal winners Schalke 04. The match was played at Gelsenkirchen on 23 July 2011. Schalke 04 prevailed on penalties, following a scoreless match after 90 minutes. There was no extra time played.

Germany

2nd Odesa International Film Festival

The second Odesa International Film Festival (Ukrainian: Одеський міжнародний кінофестиваль) took place in Odesa (Ukraine) from 15 to 23 July 2011.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ukraine

Wenzhou train collision

The Wenzhou train collision was a railway accident that occurred on 23 July 2011, when a high-speed train travelling on the Yong-Tai-Wen railway line collided into the rear of another stationary train on a viaduct in Lucheng, Wenzhou. The two trains derailed, and four carriages fell off the viaduct. 40 people were killed, and at least 192 were injured, 12 severely.

WWE Raw 1000

Raw 1000 was a television special that was broadcast live on July 23, 2012, airing on USA Network (in the U.S.) as the 1000th episode of WWE's flagship show Raw. It was held at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, Missouri. The show featured five professional wrestling matches, a wedding ceremony and appearances from past WWE performers.

Missouri, United States · St. Louis, United States

Battle of Azaz (2012)

The Battle of Azaz took place between the Syrian Arab Army and the Free Syrian Army for control of the city of Azaz, north of Aleppo, during the early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

The Solar storm of 2012 was an unusually large coronal mass ejection that was emitted by the Sun which barely missed the Earth by nine days. If it hit, it would have caused up to US$2.6 trillion in damages to electrical equipment worldwide

On July 23, 2012 at 02:08 UTC, a solar storm involving an unusually large and strong coronal mass ejection occurred. It missed Earth by a margin of roughly nine days, as the Sun's equator rotates around its own axis once over a period of about 27 days. The region that produced the outburst was thus not pointed directly towards Earth at that time.

TransAsia Airways Flight 222

TransAsia Airways Flight 222 (GE222/TNA222) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by TransAsia Airways from Kaohsiung International Airport in Kaohsiung to Magong Airport in Magong, Penghu Island. The aircraft crashed into buildings during approach to land in bad weather at Magong Airport, Penghu Island, Taiwan, on 23 July 2014. The ATR 72-500 operating the flight was travelling from Kaohsiung International Airport with 54 passengers and four crew members on board; only 10 survived.

Taiwan

Battles for Karlivka

During May–July 2014, a series of military engagements took place for control of the village of Karlivka in Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ukraine

Philippines and the Islamic State

The Philippines is one of the state opponents of the militant group, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), more commonly referred to by the local media as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The local jihadist groups through which ISIL maintains operations include the Maute group, Abu Sayyaf, the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and Ansar Khalifa Philippines.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Philippines

UFC on Fox: Holm vs. Shevchenko

UFC on Fox: Holm vs. Shevchenko (also known as UFC on Fox 20) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on July 23, 2016 at United Center in Chicago, Illinois.

Chicago, United States

2016 Belgian Super Cup

The 2016 Belgian Super Cup was a football match that took take place on 23 July 2016, between the 2015–16 Belgian Pro League winners Club Brugge and Standard Liège, the winners of the 2015–16 Belgian Cup. Club Brugge played their 17th Super Cup and featured in their second consecutive Super Cup after losing the 2015 Belgian Super Cup to Gent, while Standard Liège played their 8th Belgian Super Cup after last appearing in 2011 when they lost to Genk.

2016 Russian Super Cup

The 2016 Russian Football Super Cup was the 14th Russian Super Cup match, a football match which was contested between the 2015–16 Russian Premier League champion, CSKA Moscow, and the 2015–16 Russian Cup champion, Zenit Saint Petersburg. The match was held on 23 July 2016 at the Lokomotiv Stadium, in Moscow.

Prisión Fatal (July 2017)

Prisión Fatal (July 2017) was a professional wrestling major event, produced by the Mexico based International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion. The event took on July 23, 2017, at "Arena Naucalpan" in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, IWRG's main venue and was the fourth show promoted under that name.

Naucalpan, Mexico

Battleground (2017)

The 2017 Battleground was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE, held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's main roster brand, SmackDown. It was the fifth annual Battleground and took place on July 23, 2017, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Eight matches were contested at the event, including one match on the Kickoff pre-show.

Pennsylvania, United States · Philadelphia, United States

Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)

The Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017) were a series of military confrontations between Ahrar al-Sham and Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS). During the clashes, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham attempted to capture the Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing, causing concern for Turkey, which prefers Ahrar al-Sham to be in control of the crossing. As a result of the clashes, HTS took control of Idlib city, the Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing, and most of the areas along the Turkish border in the Idlib Province.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

2017 Supercopa de Chile

The 2017 Supercopa de Chile was the fourth edition of the championship organised by the Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP). The match was played between the 2016-17 Primera División Best-Champions Universidad Católica, and the 2016 Copa Chile Winners Colo-Colo.

Chile

2018 Attica wildfires

A series of wildfires in Greece, during the 2018 European heat wave, began in the coastal areas of Attica in July 2018. 104 people were confirmed dead from the Mati fires. The fires were, at that time, the second-deadliest wildfire event in the 21st century, after the 2009 Black Saturday bushfires in Australia that killed 173.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

2022 Mayors and Independents leadership election

A leadership election for the Mayors and Independents (STAN) in 2022 was held on 23 July 2022. The incumbent leader Vít Rakušan was elected for another term.

Czechia

UFC Fight Night: Blaydes vs. Aspinall

UFC Fight Night: Blaydes vs. Aspinall (also known as UFC Fight Night 208 and UFC on ESPN+ 66) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on July 23, 2022, at The O2 Arena in London, England.

London, United Kingdom

2022 Vanuatuan presidential election

The 2022 Vanuatuan presidential election was held between 21–23 July 2022 to indirectly elect the president of Vanuatu. Incumbent president Tallis Obed Moses was eligible for a second term. The election was won on the eighth round of voting on 23 July by Nikenike Vurobaravu.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Vanuatu

2023 Spanish general election

A general election was held in Spain on 23 July 2023 to elect the members of the 15th Cortes Generales under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate. It was the first time since 1839 that a general election in Spain was held in the month of July.

Spain

2023 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

The 2023 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park in Dublin on 23 July 2023 between Kilkenny and Limerick, the culmination of the 2023 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. It was the 136th final of that sport's primary competition, the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Reigning title holder Limerick won the game by 0–30 to 2–15 to claim their four-in-a-row and their fifth title in six years.

Dublin, Ireland

2023 Belgian Super Cup

The 2023 Belgian Super Cup was a football match that took place on 23 July 2023 between the winners of the 2022–23 Belgian Pro League and the winners of the 2022–23 Belgian Cup. As Antwerp secured a double, winning both titles, they played the runners-up of the 2022–23 Belgian Cup, Mechelen.

2025 MLS All-Star Game

The 2025 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 29th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, an exhibition soccer match in the United States. It featured all-star squads from Major League Soccer (MLS) and Liga MX of Mexico—the fourth edition to use the inter-league format. The All-Star Game was played on July 23, 2025, at Q2 Stadium in Austin, Texas.

United States