7月25日发生过什么？

Constantine the Great was proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops after the death of Constantius Chlorus

Constantine I (27 February 272 – 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He played a pivotal role in elevating the status of Christianity in the Roman Empire, the Edict of Milan decriminalising Christian practice and ceasing Christian persecution. This was a turning point in the Christianisation of the Roman Empire.

Wang Geon becomes King of Goryeo after overthrowing Gung Ye in a coup the previous day

Taejo (Korean: 태조; Hanja: 太祖; 31 January 877 – 4 July 943), personal name Wang Kŏn (왕건; 王建), also known as Taejo Wang Kŏn (태조 왕건; 太祖 王建; lit. ''Great Progenitor Wang Kŏn''), was the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. He ruled from 918 to 943, achieving unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936.

Battle of Ourique

The Battle of Ourique (25 July 1139: St. James Day) saw the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques (of the House of Burgundy) defeat the Almoravid Moors led by Ali ibn Yusuf.

Alentejo, Portugal

Reconquest of Constantinople

The Reconquest of Constantinople was the recapture of the city of Constantinople in 1261 AD from the Latin Empire by Nicaean forces led by the general Alexios Strategopoulos. The reconquest of the city led to the re-establishment of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty after an interval of 57 years, during which Constantinople had been the capital of the Latin Empire, a crusader state installed by Latin forces of the Fourth Crusade following the sack of Constantinople in 1204.

Battle of Algeciras (1278)

The Battle of Algeciras was a naval battle which occurred on July 25, 1278. The battle pitted the fleets of the Kingdom of Castile, commanded by the Admiral of Castile, Pedro Martínez de Fe, and the combined fleets of the Sultanate of Morocco and that of the Emirate of Granada, commanded by Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr. The battle was fought in the context of the Moorish naval expeditions to the Iberian Peninsula. The battle, which took place in the Strait of Gibraltar, resulted in a Muslim victory. This battle coincided with a simultaneous siege of the city of Algeciras which lasted from 1278–79 and was commanded by the Infante Sancho.

Spain

Battle of Alessandria

The Battle of Alessandria or Battle of Castelazzo was a battle during the Florentine–Milanese Wars which was fought at Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy on 25 July 1391 between the mercenary army of Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan and a French army in Florentine service, under Jean III of Armagnac. It ended in victory for Milan.

Piedmont, Italy

Battle of Molinella

The Battle of Riccardina or Battle of Molinella, fought on July 25, 1467, in Molinella, was one of the most important battles of the 15th century in Italy.

Italy

Spanish conquest of Tripoli

The Conquest of Tripoli was a maritime campaign led by Pedro Navarro which captured the city of Tripoli in North Africa in the name of the Crown of Aragon in 1510.

Libya

Battle of Sződfalva

The Battle of Sződfalva or Battle of Sedfal field (Hungarian: Sződfalvi csata, Serbian: Бој на Седфалском пољу (Boj na Sedfalskom polju)) was fought on July 25, 1527, between voivodian Serbs, under Jovan Nenad, and the Transylvanian army of (Hungarians and Saxons). In the battle, Jovan Nenad was defeated by a much larger force, and many of his troops dispersed into Syrmia after the defeat. When Ferdinand of Austria won, the Serbs maintained an autonomous principality in the area that lasted until 1540.

Szeged, Hungary

The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil

Guayaquil (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaʝaˈkil] ), officially Santiago de Guayaquil, is the capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil Canton. It is the largest city in Ecuador and also the nation's economic capital and main port. The city is located on the west bank of the Guayas River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil.

Battle of Muros Bay

The Battle of Muros Bay (Spanish: Batalla de Muros) took place on 25 July 1543, during the Italian War of 1542–1546, between the French fleet under Jean de Clamorgan, Lord of Soane and the Spanish fleet commanded by Don Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Viso, father of Don Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, who was also present at the battle being no more than 18 years old. This battle is considered to be the first big Atlantic naval battle.

A Coruña, Spain · Galicia (Spain), Spain · Muros, A Coruña, Spain

Henry II of France is crowned

Henry II (French: Henri II; 31 March 1519 – 10 July 1559) was King of France from 1547 until his death in 1559. The second son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany, he became Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis in 1536. As a child, Henry and his elder brother spent over four years in captivity in Spain as hostages in exchange for their father.

Siege of Mankot (1557)

The siege of Mankot (1557) was a major confrontation between the Sur Empire and the Mughal Empire led by a young Akbar. It was one of the last events of the Mughal reconquest, and the first major military encounter of the young Akbar, who was still under the regency of Bairam Khan. In 1557, Sikandar Shah Suri had taken refuge in the castle of Mankot with his troops. The Afghan garrison resisted during 6 months using artillery and matchlocks, but had to surrender when food ran out. Sikandar surrendered to the Mughal forces led by Bairam Khan on 25 July 1557.

Battle of Salga

The Battle of Salga occurred on 25 July 1581, around the Bay of Salga and along the coastal part of the parish of Vila de São Sebastião, on the island of Terceira in the Portuguese Azores, between Spanish and Portuguese forces. The latter, in the name of António, Prior of Crato, successfully defended the island against the personal union with the Spanish crown during the War of the Portuguese Succession.

Siege of Knodsenburg

The Siege of Knodsenburg, Relief of Knodzenburg or also known as Battle of the Betuwe was a military action that took place during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War at a sconce known as Knodsenburg in the district of Nijmegen. A siege by a Spanish army under the command of the Duke of Parma took place from 15th to the 25th July 1591. The fort was defended by the Dutch Republic's commander Gerrit de Jong and his company which was then subsequently relieved through the intervention of a Dutch and English army led by Maurice of Orange and Francis Vere respectively on July 25.

Nijmegen, Netherlands

Coronation of James I and Anne

The coronation of James I and his wife Anne of Denmark as king and queen of England and Ireland was held on 25 July 1603 at Westminster Abbey. James had reigned as king of Scotland since 1567. Anne was anointed and consecrated with prayers alluding to Esther, the Wise Virgins, and other Biblical heroines. It was the first coronation to be conducted in English instead of Latin.

Coronation of James VI and I

James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603, until his death in 1625.

Battle of Neu Titschein

The Battle of Neu Titschein or Titschein (Moravia, now Nový Jičín, Czech Republic) was fought on 25 July 1621 during the Thirty Years' War between the Roman Catholic forces of Jean de Gauchier and the Protestant army of Johann Georg Jägerndorf of Hohenzollern. After the defeat of the Bohemian Protestant army in the battle of White mountain, part of its forces remained in Silesia. Protestant nobleman Johann Georg Jägerndorf of Hohenzollern, a Protestant leader in Silesia, decided to restore Protestant power in the Bohemian kingdom.

Nový Jičín, Czechia

Great Siege of Scarborough Castle

The Great Siege of Scarborough Castle was a major conflict for control of one of England's most important stone fortresses during the First English Civil War fought between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists loyal to King Charles I. In February 1645, Parliamentarians laid siege to Scarborough Castle. For five months, they bombarded it, destroying most of the keep, and engaged in bloody fighting before the defenders finally surrendered.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United Kingdom

1668 Shandong earthquake

A major earthquake occurred during the rule of the Qing dynasty in Shandong Province on July 25, 1668. It had an estimated magnitude of Ms 8.5, making it the largest historical earthquake in East China, and one of the largest to occur on land. An estimated 43,000 to 50,000 people were killed, and its effects were widely felt.

Siege of Barcelona (1713–1714)

The siege of Barcelona (Catalan: Setge de Barcelona, IPA: [ˈsedʒə ðə βəɾsəˈlonə]) was a 13 month battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession, which pitted Archduke Charles of Austria (backed by Great Britain and the Netherlands, i.e. the Grand Alliance) against Philip V of Spain, backed by France in a contest for the Spanish crown.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Dummer's War

Dummer's War (1722–1725) was a series of battles between the New England Colonies and the Wabanaki Confederacy (specifically the Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Penobscot, and Abenaki), who were allied with New France. The eastern theater of the war was located primarily along the border between New England and Acadia in Maine, as well as in Nova Scotia; the western theater was located in northern Massachusetts and Vermont in the frontier areas between Canada (New France) and New England.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Siege of Cuddalore

The siege of Cuddalore was a siege attempt by British troops against a combined French and Mysorean garrison at the fortress of Cuddalore in the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The siege ended when news arrived of a preliminary peace treaty between France and Britain.

American Revolutionary War: The war's last action, the Siege of Cuddalore, is ended by a preliminary peace agreement.

The Brunswick Manifesto is issued

Charles William Ferdinand (German: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand; 9 October 1735 – 10 November 1806) was the ruling prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, hereditary duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a military leader. His titles are usually shortened to Duke of Brunswick in English-language sources. He succeeded his father as sovereign prince of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the princely states of the Holy Roman Empire.

Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797)

The Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife was an amphibious assault by the Royal Navy on the Spanish port city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Launched by Rear-Admiral Horatio Nelson on 22 July 1797, the assault was defeated, and on 25 July the remains of the landing party withdrew under a truce, having lost several hundred men.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Battle of Abukir (1799)

The Battle of Abukir (also known as the Battle of Aboukir or Battle of Abu Qir) was fought on 25 July 1799 between the French Army of the Orient under Napoleon Bonaparte and an Ottoman army under Mustafa Pasha during the French invasion of Egypt and Syria. It is considered the first pitched battle with this name, as there already had been a naval battle on 1 August 1798, the Battle of the Nile.

Abu Qir, Egypt

Battle of Ostrovno

The Battle of Ostrovno (French: Combat d'Ostrowno) was a military engagement that took place on 25 July 1812, between French forces under the command of King of Naples Joachim Murat and Russian forces under General Ostermann-Tolstoy and ended with the Russian forces retreating from the battlefield.

Belarus

Battle of Maya

The Battle of Maya (25 July 1813) was a battle between French and British forces during the Peninsular War (1808–1814).

Navarre, Spain

Battle of Roncesvalles (1813)

The Battle of Roncesvalles (French: Roncevaux) (25 July 1813) took place at the high Roncevaux Pass between French and Anglo-Portuguese forces during the Peninsular War (1808–1814). The French emerged victorious by assaulting this mountain pass.

Battle of Lundy's Lane

The Battle of Lundy's Lane (also known as the Battle of Niagara Falls) was a battle of the Anglo-American War of 1812, which took place on 25 July 1814, in present-day Niagara Falls, Ontario. It was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, and one of the deadliest battles ever fought in Canada. The battle was a tactical draw but a British strategic victory because the Americans had suffered so many casualties that they were now outnumbered. There were over 1,500 casualties including 258 killed.

Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada

Battle of Vargas Swamp

The Battle of Vargas Swamp (Spanish: Batalla del Pantano de Vargas) fought on July 25, 1819, was an engagement of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada. The battle involved a joint Venezuelan and Neogranadine army commanded by General Simón Bolívar against the III Division of the Spanish Royalist Army commanded by Colonel José María Barreiro.

James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland

James Bowman Lindsay (8 September 1799 – 29 June 1862) was a Scottish inventor and writer. He is credited with early developments in several fields, such as incandescent lighting and telegraphy.

Battle of Isted

The Battle of Isted took place on 25 July 1850 near the village of Idstedt (Danish: Isted), today Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The battle was part of the First Schleswig War. The battle began early in the morning at around 2:00 and lasted until 19:00. The Danish took 1072 unwounded and 411 wounded prisoners. The Danish victory broke the Holstein army for good. The Isted Lion commemorates the battle, which was at its time the largest in Scandinavian history. The battle's anniversary, 25 July, is a military flag day in Denmark. N. F. S.

Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

First Battle of Mesilla

The First Battle of Mesilla, was fought on July 25, 1861 at Mesilla in New Mexico Territory, in present day Doña Ana County, New Mexico. It was an engagement between Confederate and Union forces during the American Civil War. The battle resulted in a Confederate victory and led directly to the official establishing of a Confederate Arizona Territory, consisting of the southern portion of the New Mexico Territory. The victory paved the way for the Confederate New Mexico Campaign the following year.

New Mexico, United States

Crittenden–Johnson Resolution

The Crittenden–Johnson Resolution (also known as the Crittenden Resolution and the War Aims Resolution) was proposed in the United States Congress early in the American Civil War as a conciliatory message to the slave states assuring them that the Northern war effort was not aimed at interfering with their rights to slavery, but solely towards restoring the Union.

American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery, in the wake of the defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.

Battle of Helmstadt

The Battle of Helmstadt was a battle in the Main Campaign of the Austro-Prussian War on 25 July 1866, between the Prussian Main Army and the VIII Corps of the German Federal Army which consisted of soldiers from the Kingdom of Bavaria. On the plateau between Tauber and Main, the federal troops were pushed back again on the 25th near Helmstadt and Uettingen and near Gerchsheim.

Battle of Gerchsheim

The Battle of Gerchsheim was an artillery battle during the Austro-Prussian War as part of the Campaign of the Main on July 25, 1866, between the Prussian Alliance and the German Federal Army.

Naval operations on Lake Garda (1866)

The naval operations on Lake Garda in 1866 during the Third Italian War of Independence consisted of a series of clashes between flotillas of the Kingdom of Italy and the Austrian Empire between 25 June and 25 July that year, as they attempted to secure dominance of the lake.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

July 1891 Chilean presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Chile on 25 July 1891. Claudio Vicuña Guerrero, a member of the Liberal Party, was elected president. However, he never took office and subsequently went into exile. The election was carried out in accordance with the electoral law of 20 August 1890, which created the secret voting chamber and introduced vote folding.

Chile

First Sino-Japanese War

The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a conflict between the Qing dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan primarily for influence over Korea. In China it is commonly known as the Jiawu War. After roughly 7 months of sustained military gains by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the ports of Lüshunkou (Port Arthur) and Weihaiwei, the Qing government sued for peace in February 1895 and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki two months later, ending the war.

Battle of Pungdo

The Battle of Pungdo (Japanese: 豊島沖海戦, romanized: Hoto-oki kaisen) was the first naval battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. It took place on 25 July 1894 off Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, between cruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy and components of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet. Both China and Japan had been intervening in Korea against the Donghak Peasant Revolution.

City of Wellington by-election, 1899

The 25 July 1899 City of Wellington by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP John Hutcheson over the Marine Scandal. Hutcheson, along with MP Frederick Pirani had accused Premier Richard Seddon and Minister of Marine William Hall-Jones amongst others, of using influence to obtain Mariners certificates for unqualified candidates in contravention of the recent Shipping and Seamen's Act. When the Marine Commission report declared that the charges were unfounded Hutcheson resigned in order to exonerate himself by means of a by-election win.

New Zealand

Ngiao rebellion

The Ngiao rebellion (Thai: กบฏเงี้ยว), also called the Phrae City Rebellion and the 1902 Shan rebellion, was an uprising of Tai Yai (Shan, historically known in Thai as Ngiao) people against Siamese rule, in what is now Phrae province in northern Thailand between 25 July and 14 August in 1902. It arose as resistance to centralizing reforms initiated by King Chulalongkorn, particularly the levying of taxes and the adoption of the Monthon Thesaphiban provincial administration system, as well as the partitioning of territory with the British, which forced the Shan to adopt either British or Siamese nationality. In the morning of 25 July 1902, rebels attacked and looted the town of Phrae, killing over twenty government officials including the royal commissioner, Phraya Ratcharitthanon.

Thailand

Battle of Tashihchiao

The Battle of Tashihchiao (大石橋の戦い, Taisekihashi no Tatakai) was a land engagement fought on 24–25 July 1904, during the Imperial Japanese Army's advance toward Liaoyang in first stage of the Russo-Japanese War. Tashihchiao (pinyin: Dashiqiao) is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the city of Haicheng, in present-day Liaoning Province, China.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

1906 East Tyrone by-election

The 1906 East Tyrone by-election was held on 25 July 1906. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Parliamentary MP, Patrick Doogan. It was won by 18 votes by the Irish Parliamentary candidate Tom Kettle.

Battle of Nasiriyah (1915)

The Battle of Nasiriyah was a battle in World War I that took place in Nasiriyah, Ottoman Iraq, between British and Ottoman forces in July 1915. It was a pivotal battle in the Mesopotamian campaign of World War I and saw 5,000 British and Indian troops face off against a Turkish garrison of a similar number.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Baranovichi offensive

The Baranovichi offensive was a battle fought on the Eastern Front during World War I between an army of Russia and the forces of Germany and Austria-Hungary in July 1916.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Belarus

Founded on July 25, 1917 as Nippon Kōgaku Kōgyō Kabushikigaisha (; "Japan Optical Industries Co., Ltd."), Nikon initially manufactured optical instruments and later became internationally known for its cameras and Nikkor lenses

Nikon Corporation (株式会社ニコン, Kabushiki-gaisha Nikon) (Japanese: [ɲiꜜkoɴ] ; UK: ; US: ) is a Japanese manufacturer of optical and precision equipment headquartered in Nishi-Ōi, Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its businesses include cameras and lenses, semiconductor and flat-panel-display lithography systems, microscopes and ophthalmic imaging systems, industrial measurement and inspection equipment, optical components, and metal additive-manufacturing systems.

1919 Finnish presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held for the first time in Finland in 1919. Although the country had declared Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse king on 9 October 1918, he renounced the throne on 14 December. The president was elected by Parliament, with Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg of the National Progressive Party receiving 73% of the vote.

Finland

Trypillian Incident

The Trypillian Incident also known as the Trypillian tragedy (Russian:Трипольская трагедия) occurred in the summer of 1919 between Ukrainian anti-Bolshevik forces and the Bolshevik Kiev garrison.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Franco-Syrian War

The Franco-Syrian War took place during 1920 between France and the Hashemite rulers of the newly established Arab Kingdom of Syria. During a series of engagements, which climaxed in the Battle of Maysalun, French forces defeated the forces of the Hashemite monarch King Faisal, and his supporters, entering Damascus on July 24, 1920.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Pontypridd by-election, 1922

The Pontypridd by-election of 1922 was held on 25 July 1922. The by-election was held due to the appointed of the incumbent Coalition Liberal MP, Thomas Arthur Lewis, as a Junior Lord of the Treasury. It was won by the Labour candidate Thomas Isaac Mardy Jones. It was one of only eight ministerial by-elections in the UK not to be retained by the incumbent.

United Kingdom

Battle of San Fernando

The Battle of San Fernando took place on July 25, 1927 during the American occupation of Nicaragua of 1926–1933. Shortly after the Battle of Ocotal, an expedition of seventy-eight American Marines and thirty-seven Nicaraguan Provisional Guardsmen led by Major Oliver Floyd were sent hunting for rebel leader Augusto César Sandino. One of their destinations was the town of San Fernando, where Sandino had about forty men waiting for the Marines and their Nicaraguan allies. He placed a sentry outside the village to alert his men of the Marines and Provisional Guard's arrival, but the watchman abandoned his post to be alone with an Indian girl in a nearby shack.

San Fernando, Nicaragua, Nicaragua

The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt

Engelbert Dollfuss (alternatively Dollfuß; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian politician and dictator who served as chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative and nationalist government.

Battle of the Merida pocket

The battle of the Mérida pocket, also known as the closing of the Mérida pocket (Spanish: Cierre de la bolsa de Mérida), was a military engagement which took place during the Spanish Civil War in July 1938 in La Serena zone of Badajoz Province, Extremadura. The Nationalist command engineered an offensive which aimed at wiping out a large Republican salient, potentially threatening the only railway line connecting rebel-held León and Andalusia.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Monmouth by-election, 1939

The Monmouth by-election, 1939 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Monmouth in Wales on 25 July 1939.

United Kingdom

Operation Spring

Operation Spring (July 25–27, 1944) was an offensive operation of the Second World War conducted by II Canadian Corps during the Normandy campaign in 1944. The plan was intended to create pressure on the German forces operating on the British and Canadian front simultaneous with Operation Cobra, an American offensive. Operation Spring was intended to capture Verrières Ridge and the villages on the south slope of the ridge.

Caen, France

Operation Crimson

Operation Crimson was an Allied naval operation in the Second World War of the Eastern Fleet, the objective being simultaneous naval bombardment and aircraft attacks on Japanese airfields in the Indonesian cities of Sabang, Lhoknga and Kutaraja, from aircraft carriers in the Indian Ocean on 25 July 1944. British pilots found that the Japanese airmen were not as skilled as they had been in 1942 but lost two Corsair fighters.

Battle of Verrières Ridge

The Battle of Verrières Ridge was a series of engagements fought as part of the Battle of Normandy, in Calvados, during the Second World War. The main combatants were two Canadian infantry divisions—with additional support from the Canadian 2nd Armoured Brigade—against elements of three German SS Panzer divisions.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Battle of Auvere

Battle of Auvere took place in Estonia, starting on 20 July 1944 and ending on 25 July during World War II. It was a part of the Narva campaign.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Estonia

Augustów roundup

The Augustów roundup (Polish Obława augustowska) was a military operation against the Polish World War II anti-communist partisans and sympathizers following the Soviet takeover of Poland. The operation was undertaken by Soviet forces with the assistance of Polish collaborationist units, and conducted from July 10 to July 25, 1945, in Suwałki and Augustów region (contemporary Podlaskie) of northern Polish People's Republic.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Poland

1949 Yukon general election

The 1949 Yukon general election was held on 25 July 1949 to elect the three members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan and had merely an advisory role to the federally appointed Commissioner.

Portuguese presidential election, 1965

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 25 July 1965, during the Estado Novo regime of Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, following parliamentary elections in the same year. It was the first presidential election to be held by the National Assembly of Portugal rather than by direct popular ballot and, subsequently, rear admiral Thomaz was universally endorsed for a second seven-year term.

Portugal

Newport Folk Festival

The Newport Folk Festival is an annual American folk-oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island, which began in 1959 as a counterpart to the Newport Jazz Festival. The festival was founded by music promoter and Jazz Festival founder George Wein, music manager Albert Grossman, and folk singers Pete Seeger, Theodore Bikel, and Oscar Brand. It was one of the first modern music festivals in America and remains a focal point in folk music.

Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music.

Sohagpur massacre

The Sohagpur massacre was a mass killing of 187 civilians on 25 July 1971 in the Mymensingh District of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Liberation War. The massacre was perpetrated by the Pakistan Army and Al-Badr, a paramilitary force opposing Bangladeshi independence. Following the massacre, Sohagpur became known as the "village of widows."

Bangladesh

Portuguese presidential election, 1972

Presidential elections under the Estado Novo regime was held for the last time on 25 July 1972, the only one not controlled by late Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, with the last elections for the National Assembly held the following year, less than a year before the Carnation Revolution.

Portugal

Viking program

The Viking program consisted of a pair of identical American space probes, Viking 1 and Viking 2 both launched in 1975, and landed on Mars in 1976. The mission effort began in 1968 and was managed by the NASA Langley Research Center. Each spacecraft was composed of two main parts: an orbiter spacecraft which photographed the surface of Mars from orbit, and a lander which studied the planet from the surface.

Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.

Attempted hijacking of CAAC Flight 2505

Five people attempted to hijack CAAC Flight 2505 while it was flying from Xi’an to Shanghai. Crew members and passengers overpowered the hijackers.

China

Vincentian general election, 1984

General elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 25 July 1984. The result was a victory for the New Democratic Party, which won nine of the thirteen seats. Voter turnout was 88.8%.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

1989 DFB-Supercup

The 1989 DFB-Supercup was the third DFB-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played at the Fritz-Walter-Stadion, Kaiserslautern, and contested by league champions Bayern Munich and cup winners Borussia Dortmund.

Opening of 1992 Summer Olympics

The 1992 Summer Olympics (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, Catalan: Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (Spanish: Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, Catalan: Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Saint James Church massacre

The Saint James Church massacre was a massacre perpetrated on St James Church in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa, on 25 July 1993 by four cadres of the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). 11 members of the congregation were killed and 58 wounded. In 1998 the attackers were granted amnesty for their participation by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

South Africa

Operation Accountability

On July 25, 1993, Israeli forces launched a week-long attack against Lebanon named Operation Accountability (Hebrew: מבצע דין וחשבון, romanized: Mivtza Din VeHeshbon) in Israel and the Seven-Day War (Arabic: حرب الأيام السبعة) in Lebanon. Israel specified three purposes to the operation: to strike directly at Hezbollah, to make it difficult for Hezbollah to use southern Lebanon as a base for striking Israel, and to displace Lebanese and Palestinian civilians in the hopes of pressuring the Lebanese government to intervene against Hezbollah.

Lebanon

Battle of Janakapura

The Battle of Janakapura, was a battle between the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tamil Tigers) and the Sri Lanka Army during the Sri Lankan Civil War for control of the military camp at Janakapura in Weli Oya in northern Sri Lanka on 25 July 1993.

Sri Lanka

1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup final

The 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was an association football match that took place on 25 July 1993 at the Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, Mexico, to determine the winner of the 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup. This was the second final in the history of CONCACAF Gold Cup and second consecutive final for the United States after they beat Honduras in a penalty shootout in the 1991 final.

Mexico City, Mexico

1995 France bombings

A series of attacks targeted public transport systems in Paris and Lyon, as well as a school in Villeurbanne, in 1995. They were carried out by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA), who sought to expand the Algerian Civil War to France. The attacks killed eight people, all during the first attack on 25 July. The attack also injured 190 people.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Sword–1

The Operation Sword–1 was first phase of a bigger operation called "Sword 95" during the 1995 Bosnian War and Inter-Bosnian Muslim War. The goal of Sword–1 was to make APZB double in size and to return its largest village Šturlić. And after that to be declared a republic. The goal of Sword–2 was to occupy Cazin because it was in the middle of the Bihać enclave, and that would put a lot of pressure on 5th Corps.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1996 Burundian coup d'état

The 1996 Burundian coup d'état was a military coup d'état that took place in Burundi on 25 July 1996. In the midst of the Burundi Civil War, former president Pierre Buyoya (a Tutsi) deposed Hutu President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya. According to Amnesty International, in the weeks following the coup, more than 6,000 people were killed in the country. This was Buyoya's second successful coup, having overthrown Jean-Baptiste Bagaza in 1987.

Burundi

Battle of Mullaitivu (1996)

The Battle of Mullaitivu (Tamil: முல்லைத்தீவுச் சமர், romanized: Mullaittīvup Pōr; Sinhala: මුලතිව් සටන Mulativ Saṭana), also known as the First Battle of Mullaitivu and codenamed Operation Unceasing Waves-1 (Tamil: ஓயாத அலைகள்-1 நடவடிக்கை, romanized: Ōyāta Alaikaḷ-1 Naṭavaṭikkai), was a battle between the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tamil Tigers) and the Sri Lankan military during the Sri Lankan Civil War for control of the military base in Mullaitivu in north-eastern Sri Lanka.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Sri Lanka

Wakayama curry-poisoning incident

Poisoned curry was served at a neighborhood festival in Wakayama, Japan. Four people died and many others became ill; investigators identified arsenic in the food.

Japan

Fully Loaded (1999)

The 1999 Fully Loaded was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was the second annual Fully Loaded and took place on July 25, 1999, at the Marine Midland Arena in Buffalo, New York.

United States

Air France Flight 4590

Air France Flight 4590 was an international charter flight from Paris to New York. On 25 July 2000, a Concorde passenger jet operating the flight crashed shortly after takeoff, killing all 109 people on board and 4 on the ground. It was the only fatal Concorde accident during its 27-year operational history.

2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection

This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 2000 election. On March 7, 2000, Texas Governor George W. Bush won the 2000 Republican nomination for President of the United States, and became the presumptive nominee. On July 25, 2000, former Secretary of Defense Richard B. Cheney was chosen as his running mate.

Phoolan Devi, a serving Member of Parliament, is assassinated by shooting in New Delhi, India

Phoolan Devi (Hindi: [pʰuː.lən d̪eː.ʋiː]; 10 August 1963 – 25 July 2001), popularly known as the Bandit Queen, was an Indian dacoit (bandit) who became a politician, serving as a member of parliament until her assassination. She was a woman of the Mallah subcaste who grew up in poverty in a village in the state of Uttar Pradesh, where her family was on the losing side of a land dispute which caused them many problems.

Tuvaluan general election, 2002

General elections were held in Tuvalu on 25 July 2002. All candidates were independents, as there are no political parties in the country. Saufatu Sopoanga was appointed Prime Minister after the election as the previous Prime Minister Koloa Talake lost his seat.

Tuvalu

2004 Copa América final

The 2004 Copa América final was the final of the 41st Copa América. The match was played in Lima, for the first time. This was the fifth final for Brazil (winning two). Meanwhile, it was the second for Argentina (winning one). Carlos Amarilla was the referee for the final match. He previously refereed two matches in the tournament, both involving Argentina: against Ecuador in the first round and against the host Peru in the quarter-finals.

Peru

2007 Supercupa României

The 2007 Supercupa României was the 10th edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Bucharest at Stadionul Naţional on 25 July 2007, and was contested between Liga I title holders, FC Dinamo București and Cupa României champions, FC Rapid București. The winner, after penalties, was Rapid.

Accession of Pratibha Patil

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat, is an Indian stateswoman and lawyer who served as the president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress, she also served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.

CMLL International Gran Prix (2008)

The CMLL International Gran Prix (2008) was a lucha libre, or professional wrestling, tournament produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; "World Wrestling Concil" in Spanish) that took place on the July 25, 2008 CMLL Super Viernes ("Super Friday") show in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico, CMLL's main venue. The 2008 International Gran Prix was the eleventh time CMLL held an International Gran Prix tournament since 1994 and the last one held until the 2016 tournament was announced.

Mexico City, Mexico

MFC 17

MFC 17: Hostile Takeover was a mixed martial arts event held by the Maximum Fighting Championship (MFC) on July 25, 2008, in Enoch, Alberta.

Leyenda de Plata (2008)

The Leyenda de Plata (2008) was professional wrestling tournament produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council") that ran from July 4, 2008, over the course of three of CMLL's Friday night shows in Arena México with the finals on July 25, 2008. The annual Leyenda de Plata tournament is held in honor of lucha libre legend El Santo and is one of CMLL's most important annual tournaments.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Mexico

DGUSA Enter the Dragon

Enter the Dragon / Open the Historic Gate is the first professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Dragon Gate USA that was taped on July 25, 2009 at The Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and aired September 4, 2009. Enter the Dragon was awarded Best Major Show of 2009 by Wrestling Observer Newsletter.

Philadelphia, United States

2009 Trophée des Champions

The 2009 Trophée des Champions Final was a football match that was played on 25 July 2009. The match was contested between the winners of 2008–09 Coupe de France, En Avant Guingamp, and the 2008–09 Ligue 1 champions, FC Girondins de Bordeaux. The match was played, for the first time, on international soil at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Canada with the objective being to promote French professional football abroad.

2009 Belgian Super Cup

The 2009 Belgian Super Cup was a football match played on 25 July 2009, between 2008–09 Belgian First Division winners Standard Liège and 2008–09 Belgian Cup winners K.R.C. Genk. The cup was won 2–0 by Standard Liège.

2009 Kurdistan Region general election

General elections were held in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq on 25 July 2009 to elect a president and the 111 members of the National Assembly. Around 2.5 million people were eligible to vote, although those outside the region were not allowed to vote. The elections had originally been scheduled to take place on 19 May, but were delayed until 25 July.

2009 Johan Cruyff Shield

The fourteenth edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal) was held on 25 July 2009 at the Amsterdam Arena. The match featured the 2008–09 Eredivisie champions AZ and 2008–09 KNVB Cup winners SC Heerenveen. The match inaugurated the 2009–10 season in Dutch football.

Netherlands

Afghan War documents leak

The Afghan War documents leak, also called the Afghan War Diary, is the disclosure of a collection of internal U.S. military logs of the War in Afghanistan, which were published by WikiLeaks on 25 July 2010. The logs consist of over 91,000 Afghan War documents, covering the period between January 2004 and December 2009. Most of the documents are classified secret. As of 28 July 2010, only 75,000 of the documents have been released to the public, a move which Wikileaks says is "part of a harm minimization process demanded by [the] source".

Afghanistan · United States

Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2010

Ryōgoku Peter Pan 2010: Summer Vacation (両国ピーターパン2010 〜夏休み ああ夏休み 夏休み〜, Ryōgoku Pītā Pan 2010: Natsuyasumi Aa Natsuyasumi Natsuyasumi) was a professional wrestling event promoted by DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT). The full official name of the event could be translated as "Summer vacation! Ah! Summer vacation, summer vacation...". The event took place on July 25, 2010, in Tokyo at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan.

Tokyo, Japan

2012 Gorno-Badakhshan clashes

The Gorno-Badakhshan clashes consisted of fighting between Tajik government forces and an armed group led by Tolib Ayyombekov in Tajikistan's semi-autonomous Gorno-Badakhshan province in late July 2012. The Western media described the fighting as the worst in Tajikistan since 2010 or the 1992–1997 civil war.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

2012 MLS All-Star Game

The 2012 Major League Soccer All-Star Game, held on July 25, 2012, was the 17th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, a soccer match involving all-stars from Major League Soccer. The game was played at PPL Park, now known as Subaru Park, in Chester, Pennsylvania, the first time an all-star event was played in the Philadelphia area since the 2002 NBA All-Star Game.

United States

Operation Martyr Yalçın

Operation Martyr Yalçın (Turkish: Şehit Yalçın Operasyonu) was a military operation conducted by the Turkish Air Force against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) positions in Syria and Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) positions in Northern Iraq on 24 and 25 July 2015. The operation began in the early hours of 24 July, a day after ISIL militants reportedly attacked a Turkish military border outpost in the Turkish town of Elbeyli in Kilis Province, killing one soldier, named Yalçın Nane, and injuring two others. The operation is named after the soldier killed in the initial attack, Yalçın Nane.

Iraq

UFC on Fox: Dillashaw vs. Barão 2

UFC on Fox: Dillashaw vs. Barão 2 (also known as UFC on Fox 16) was a mixed martial arts event held on July 25, 2015 at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois.

Chicago, United States

2018 Suwayda attacks

The 2018 Suwayda attacks were a string of suicide bombings and mass shooting incidents in Suwayda, Syria on 25 July 2018. At least 258 people were killed and 180 wounded. The attacks were carried out by the Islamic State and largely targeted Syria's Druze minority. A 17-year old Druze girl was beheaded.

Syria

2018 Pakistani general election

General elections were held in Pakistan on 25 July 2018 to elect the members of the 15th National Assembly and the four Provincial Assemblies. The three major parties were Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), led by Imran Khan, the Pakistan Muslim League, led by Shehbaz Sharif, and the Pakistan People's Party, led by Bilawal Bhutto.

Pakistan

2018 Pakistani general election in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

General elections were held in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on Wednesday, 25 July 2018 to elect the 51 members of 15th National Assembly from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) obtained a landslide victory in the province by winning 37 general seats and increased their margin of victory from 2013. The PTI also won 8 out of 10 reserved seats while the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) and Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) won 1 reserved seat each.

2018 Punjab provincial election

Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Punjab on to elect the members of the 17th Provincial Assembly of the Punjab on 25 July 2018, alongside nationwide general elections and three other provincial elections in Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan, were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status.

2018 Pakistani general election in Punjab

General elections were held in Punjab on 25 July 2018 to elect the 141 members of the 15th National Assembly from Punjab. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) emerged victorious with 67 seats, followed by the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)) with 64 seats. The PTI also won 16 of 33 reserved seats while the PML(N) won 15.

2018 Balochistan provincial election

Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Balochistan on 25 July 2018. Newly formed Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) emerged as the largest party by winning 24 seats followed by Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal who won 10 seats. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf won 7 seats for the very first time.

2018 Pakistani general election in Islamabad

General elections were held in the Islamabad Capital Territory on Wednesday, 25 July 2018 to elect the 3 members of 15th National Assembly from Islamabad. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) swept Islamabad winning all 3 seats with huge margin.

2018 Sindh provincial election

Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Sindh to elect the members of the 13th Provincial Assembly of Sindh on 25 July 2018, alongside nationwide general elections and three other provincial elections in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Punjab. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan, were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status.

2018 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election

Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on 25 July 2018 to elect the members of the 11th Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, alongside nationwide general elections and three other provincial elections in Sindh, Balochistan and Punjab. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan, were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status.

MLW Never Say Never (2019)

Never Say Never (2019) was a professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on July 25, 2019, at the Melrose Ballroom in New York City, New York. The event was a television taping for future episodes of Fusion on beIN Sports. It was the third event in the Never Say Never chronology.

New York City, United States

PFL 5 (2019)

The PFL 5 mixed martial arts event for the 2019 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on July 25, 2019, at the Ocean Resort Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. This was the fifth regular season event of 2019 and include fights in the featherweight and lightweight divisions.

New Jersey, United States

2020 Russian Cup final

The 2020 Russian Cup final was the 28th Russian Cup Final, the final match of the 2019–20 Russian Cup. It was played at Yekaterinburg Arena in Yekaterinburg, Russia, on 25 July 2020, contested by Zenit St. Petersburg and Khimki. Zenit won the match 1–0, with the only goal coming from Artem Dzyuba's penalty kick in the 84th minute.

Russia

2021 Azad Kashmiri general election

General elections were held in Azad Kashmir on 25 July 2021 after the expiry of the 5-year term of the previous Legislative Assembly. The elections were held in 33 constituencies of Azad Kashmir and 12 constituencies of the refugees of Jammu and Kashmir in Pakistan. By an early estimate, over 2.82 million people of Azad Kashmir were registered to vote; of which 1.59 million were male voters, while 1.30 million were female voters.

2021 Kazakh municipal elections

Municipal elections were held in Kazakhstan where 730 äkıms (local heads) whose four-year terms expired were reelected for the first time directly by the population on 25 July 2021 following an introduction of new law by the Parliament, which allowed for direct elections for äkıms of cities with district importance, villages, and the townships of rural districts.

Kazakhstan

July 2025 Al-Bab raid

The July 2025 Al-Bab raid was a coordinated operation by the International Coalition and the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Syrian Transitional Government forces against Islamic State cells in Aleppo.

Syria