7月31日发生过什么？

The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era)

Mount Fuji (富士山・富士の山, Fujisan, Fuji no Yama) is an active stratovolcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu, with a summit elevation of 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft 3 in). It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest volcano on any Asian island (after Mount Kerinci on the Indonesian island of Sumatra), and the seventh-highest peak of an island on Earth.

Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias

The Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias occurred in 844. Many longships were lost in the attack and the fleet retreated to Aquitaine.

Spain

Sergius IV became the 142nd pope, succeeding John XVIII

Pope Sergius IV (died 12 May 1012) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from 31 July 1009 to his death. His temporal power was eclipsed by the patrician John II Crescentius. Sergius IV may have called for the expulsion of Muslims from the Holy Land, but this is disputed.

Battle of Cravant

The Battle of Cravant was fought on 31 July 1423, during the Hundred Years' War between English and French forces at the village of Cravant in Burgundy, at a bridge and ford on the banks of the river Yonne, a left-bank tributary of the Seine, southeast of Auxerre. The battle ended in a victory for the English and their Burgundian allies.

Siege of Svetigrad

The siege of Svetigrad or Sfetigrad (Albanian: Rrethimi i Sfetigradit) began on 14 May 1448 when an Ottoman army, led by Sultan Murad II, besieged the fortress of Svetigrad (now Kodžadžik, North Macedonia). After the many failed Ottoman expeditions into Albania against the League of Lezhë, a confederation of Albanian Principalities created in 1444 and headed by Skanderbeg, Murad II decided to march an army into Skanderbeg's dominions in order to capture the key Albanian fortress of Svetigrad.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

North Macedonia

Battle of Rijmenam

The Battle of Rijmenam was fought in the early stages of the Eighty Years' War between the forces of the States-General of the Netherlands and those of the Spanish Governor-General of the Habsburg Netherlands, Don Juan de Austria, on 31 July 1578, near Rijmenam in present-day Belgium. The Spanish forces were dealt a strategic defeat.

Siege of Doullens

The Siege of Doullens, also known as the Spanish capture of Doullens or the Storming of Doullens, took place between 14 and 31 July 1595, as part of the Franco-Spanish War (1595-1598), in the context of the French Wars of Religion. After of ten days of siege, on 24 July, the combined forces of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, André de Brancas, Amiral de Villars, and François d'Orléans-Longueville, tried to relieve the city, but were severely defeated by the Spanish forces led by Don Pedro Henríquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes, and Don Carlos Coloma.

Doullens, France · Picardy, France

Battle of Loyew (1649)

The Battle of Loyew (Belarusian: Бітва пад Лоевам, Ukrainian: Битва під Лоєвом, Polish: Bitwa pod Łojowem; 31 July 1649) was fought between the Zaporozhian Host against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day town of Loyew on the Sozh River in Belarus, a forces of the Zaporozhian under the command of Colonels Mykhailo Krychevsky, Stepan Pobodailo and Martyn Nebaba was defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's forces under the command of Prince Janusz Radziwiłł and Nobleman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski.

Battle of Scheveningen

The Battle of Scheveningen (also known as the Battle of Texel or the Battle of Ter Heijde) was the final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War. It took place on 31 July 1653 (10 August Gregorian calendar) between the fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces, and had no clear victory. The name Battle of Texel may be questionable. There are two other known sea battles of that name (1673 and 1694), both fought near the island of Texel. However, Ter Heijde lies approximately 140 km south of Texel, which makes it unlikely that the reference to Texel is correct.

Scheveningen, Netherlands

Siege of Dyneburg

The siege of Dyneburg by the Russian Army under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was one of the first events of the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), a theater of the Second Northern War. The siege began on 18 July 1656. One night in early August, the Russian bombardment caused a fire in the grain reserves of the stronghold. Consequently, some of the garrison had to leave the defences to begin putting it down.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Accession of Aurangzeb

Alamgir I (Muhi al-Din Muhammad; 3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. Aurangzeb and the Mughals belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty.

This entry records the event's start date, as stated in the source infobox.

Battle of Newtownbutler

The Battle of Newtownbutler took place near Enniskillen in County Fermanagh, Ireland, in 1689 and was part of the Williamite War in Ireland between the forces of William III and Mary II and those of King James II.

Ireland

Siege of Belgrade (1693)

The siege of Belgrade in 1693 was a failed siege by the Habsburg monarchy during the Great Turkish War.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Serbia

Battle of Warsaw (1705)

The Battle of Warsaw (also known as Battle of Rakowitz) took place on 31 July 1705 near Warsaw. Swedish forces under Carl Nieroth defeated the Polish-Lithuanian-Saxonian forces under Otto Arnold von Paykull.

Warsaw, Poland

Battle of Balapur

The Battle of Balapur marked a civil conflict among Mughal leaders, triggered by the uprising of the Sayyid Brothers. This uprising led to a decline in the status of other Mughal leaders. The conflicts unfolded in 1720, following Nizam-u'l-Mulk's triumph over the Sayyid forces, supported by Rajputs, Marathas, and Afghans. The Sayyid forces faced successive defeats at both Burhanpur and Balapur against the Nizam forces.

Battle of Beauport

The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency, fought on 31 July 1759, was an important confrontation between the British and French Armed Forces during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War and the War of Conquest) of the French province of Canada. The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some five kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Quebec was checked, and the British soldiers of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses.

Beauport, Quebec City, Canada

Battle of Warburg

The Battle of Warburg was fought on 31 July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The battle was a victory for the Hanoverians and the British against a slightly larger French army. The victory meant the Anglo-German allies had successfully defended Westphalia from the French by preventing a crossing of the Diemel River, but were forced to abandon the allied state of Hesse-Kassel to the south.

Battle of Bloody Run

The Battle of Bloody Run was fought during Pontiac's War on July 31, 1763, near what now is the site of Elmwood Cemetery in the Eastside Historic Cemetery District of Detroit, Michigan. In an attempt to break Pontiac's siege of Fort Detroit, about 250 British troops attempted to make a surprise attack on Pontiac's encampment.

Michigan, United States

Second Continental Congress

The Second Continental Congress (1775–1781) was the meeting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that united in support of the American Revolution and Revolutionary War, which established American independence from Great Britain. The Congress constituted a new federation that it first named the United Colonies of North America, and in 1776, renamed the United States of America.

The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."

Action of 31 July 1793

The Action of 31 July 1793 was an inconclusive engagement between a British Royal Navy frigate and French frigate off the New Jersey coastline in the first year of the French Revolutionary Wars. The British captain, George Courtenay of HMS Boston, had arrived off New York City on 28 May and deliberately disguised his ship as a French vessel, fooling a French officer into coming aboard and making him a prisoner of war. Courtenay then sent a message into New York, where he knew a French frigate lay at anchor, challenging the French captain to battle within the next three days.

New Jersey, United States

Action of 31 July 1811

The action of 31 July 1811 was a minor naval engagement fought between the Royal Navy and the French Imperial Navy during the British invasion of Java in 1811. On 31 July 1811, Commander Maunsell of the sloop the Procris discovered a convoy of 40 or 50 proas, escorted by six French gun-boats in the mouth of the Indramayo river.

Battle of Taguanes

The Battle of Taguanes was fought between Spanish royalists and the Second Republic of Venezuela on July 31, 1813 during the Admirable Campaign of the War of Venezuelan Independence. Simon Bolivar and his patriots won the battle handily, defeating the Spanish (and killing their colonel) and eventually capturing Valencia on August 2 and Caracas on August 3.

Venezuela

Battle of Matasiete

The Battle of Matasiete was a battle in the Venezuelan War of Independence that took place on 31 July 1817 near the city of La Asunción on Isla Margarita in Venezuela.It was fought between pro-independence Republican revolutionaries led by Francisco Esteban Gómez and Spanish Royalist forces under the command of Pablo Morillo.The outcome was a Spanish defeat.

Venezuela

Siege of Caxias

The siege of Caxias was a siege during the Brazilian War of Independence in which the Brazilian Army under the command of José Pereira Filgueiras attempted to capture the city of Caxias in Maranhão, which was defended by the Portuguese Army of João José da Cunha Fidié. The siege lasted from 23 May 1823 until 31 July 1823, when the Portuguese surrendered to the Brazilian forces after the combats that occurred between 17 July and 19 July that severely reduced its numbers.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Brazil

July 1836 Portuguese legislative election

Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 17 and 31 July 1836.

Portugal

Battle of Segesvár

The Battle of Segesvár (Transylvania, now Sighişoara, Romania) was a battle in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, fought on 31 July 1849 between the Hungarian revolutionary army supplemented by Polish volunteers under the command of General Józef Bem and the Russian V Corps under General Alexander von Lüders in ally with the Austrian army led by General Eduard Clam-Gallas. The battle was won by the Russian-Austrian army and it is presumed that the Hungarian poet and national hero Sándor Petőfi died in the battlefield, though his body was never found.

Romania

Bombardment of Qui Nhơn

The bombardment of Qui Nhơn in 1861 was an attack by a United States Navy warship upon a Vietnamese-held fort protecting Qui Nhơn on the south central coast of Vietnam (modern-day Binh Dinh Province). United States forces under James F. Schenck went to southern Vietnam to search for missing American citizens but were met with cannon fire upon arriving.

Vietnam

Bruce by-election, 1862

The Bruce by-election 1862 was a by-election held in the multi-member Bruce electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament, on 31 July 1862. The by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Charles Kettle on 5 June, and was won by Edward Cargill.

New Zealand

Battle of Fort Smith

The Battle of Fort Smith was fought on July 31, 1864, in Sebastian County, Arkansas, during the American Civil War.

Sebastian County, Arkansas, United States

Patrick Francis Healy was inaugurated as president of Georgetown University, becoming the first African-American president of a predominantly white university in the United States

Patrick Francis Healy (February 27, 1834 – January 10, 1910) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who was an influential president of Georgetown University, becoming known as its "second founder". The university's flagship building, Healy Hall, bears his name. Though he considered himself and was widely accepted as White, Healy was posthumously recognized as the first Black American to earn a PhD, as well as the first to enter the Jesuit order and to become the president of a predominantly White university.

Battle of Paye

The Battle of Paye took place during the Philippine–American War between the United States and the Philippines. It was fought on July 31, 1900, at Sitio Paye near Barangay Balimbing in the town of Boac, Marinduque. The short skirmish happened between the reconnaissance forces of Company A, 29th USV under the command of 1st Lieutenant Willam S.

1900 Colombian coup d'état

The 1900 Colombian coup d'état occurred on 31 July of that year, and consisted of the peaceful seizure of power by Vice President José Manuel Marroquín, who, supported by the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, overthrew Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, member of the National Party. The coup occurred in the context of the Thousand Days' War, and took advantage of President Sanclemente's delicate state of health, advanced age, and unpopularity.

Colombia

Japanese and Russian forces fight at Hsimucheng

On July 31, 1904, Japanese and Russian forces fought near Hsimucheng, close to Haicheng in what is now China, during the Russo-Japanese War.

China

Japanese invasion of Sakhalin

The Japanese invasion of Sakhalin was the last land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, and took place from 7 July to 31 July 1905.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1907 North West Staffordshire by-election

The 1907 North West Staffordshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 31 July 1907. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

United Kingdom

First Riga offensive

First Riga offensive was a military operation of the German Imperial Army with to divert Russian forces from the direction of the main blow of the German summer offensive on Narew River. The Germans broke through the heavily fortified defences of the Russian army and defeated the vastly superior enemy forces. However, no decisive success was achieved, and at the beginning of August the Russians launched a counteroffensive.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Latvia

Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)

The Battle of Kara Killisse (Lit. Black church, Turkish: Karakilise Muharebesi), also known as the Battle of Malazgirt, was fought on the Caucasus front in July 1915 after the Battle of Manzikert. In Russian historical literature, this engagement is considered as a part of "Alashkert defensive operation" (9 July – 3 August). Previously in the summer of 1915 the Russians attacked Turkish positions northeast of lake Van but they underestimated the size of their enemy.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Passchendaele

The Third Battle of Ypres (German: Dritte Flandernschlacht; French: Troisième Bataille des Flandres; Dutch: Derde Slag om Ieper), also known as the Battle of Passchendaele ( PASH-ən-dayl), was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.

World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele begins near Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.

Battle of Vapniarka

The Battle of Vapniarka, also known as the Vapniarka operation was a battle that took place during the Ukrainian-Soviet war between 26 and 31 July, 1919 near the railway station Vapniarka (now Vinnytsia oblast) and ended in Ukrainian success.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1928 Wide Bay by-election

A by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Wide Bay was triggered by the death, on 31 July 1928, of Nationalist MP Edward Corser. However, by the close of nominations on 3 September only one candidate had nominated: Corser's son Bernard, who had the endorsement of the Nationalists' coalition partner the Country Party. Corser was thus declared elected unopposed.

German federal election, July 1932

Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. They saw great gains by the Nazi Party, which for the first time became the largest party in parliament, though without winning a majority. With the Communists remaining strong, anti-republican parties together now had a majority in the Reichstag (called a "negative majority" by contemporary observers since the two parties would never have allied), making a (majority) government by any union of pro-republican parties impossible.

Germany

Battle of Zarumilla

The Battle of Zarumilla or Zarumilla offensive was a military confrontation between Peru and Ecuador that took place from July 23 to 31 during the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ecuador

World War II: The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners

World War II, or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many engaging in total war on an unprecedented scale. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the deaths of 60 to 75 million people, a majority of whom were civilians.

Convoy ON 113

Convoy ON 113 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the second World War. It was the 113th of the numbered series of ON convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. The ships departed Liverpool on 17 July 1942 and were joined on 18 July by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group C-2. They were found on 24 July by the eleven U-boats of Wolf pack Wolf.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of the Ruhr

The Battle of the Ruhr (5 March – 31 July 1943) was a strategic bombing campaign against the Ruhr Area in Nazi Germany carried out by RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War. The Ruhr was the main centre of German heavy industry with coke plants, steelworks, armaments factories and ten synthetic oil plants. The British attacked 26 targets identified in the Combined Bomber Offensive.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Troina

The Battle of Troina was an important battle that took place between 31 July and 6 August 1943, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily during World War II. Forces of the U.S. II Corps, part of the U.S. Seventh Army, under George S. Patton, engaged in fierce fighting around the town of Troina in the central portion of Sicily along the Caronie Mountains.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

Operation Cobra

Operation Cobra was an offensive launched by the First United States Army under Lieutenant General Omar Bradley seven weeks after the D-Day landings, during the Normandy campaign of World War II. The intention was to take advantage of the distraction of the Germans by the sustained British and Canadian attacks around Caen, and thereby break through the German defenses that were penning in their forces, while the Germans were unbalanced.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Datong–Jining Campaign

Datong-Jining Campaign (大同集宁战役) was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists mainly in northern Shanxi and the surrounding regions during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era. The main battlefield was centered on two cities, Datong and Jining.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

Operation Vistula

Operation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła; Ukrainian: Опера́ція «Ві́сла», romanized: Operatsiya "Visla") was the codename for the 1947 ethnic cleansing, deportation and forced resettlement of close to 150,000 Ukrainians, Rusyns, Boykos, and Lemkos from the southeastern provinces of postwar Poland to the Recovered Territories in the north and west of the country. The action was carried out by the Soviet-installed Polish communist authorities to remove material support to the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1954 Patea by-election

The 1954 Patea by election was held on 31 July during the 30th New Zealand Parliament, and was caused by the resignation of incumbent National MP, William Sheat.

New Zealand

1958 Lebanese presidential election

An indirect presidential election was held in the Parliament of Lebanon in 1958 following the crisis. The Parliament of Lebanon elected the commander of the armed forces Fouad Chehab as the next president of Lebanon on 31 July 1958 to succeed Camille Chamoun. Chehab was elected on the second ballot in a 48–7 vote. He defeated Raymond Eddé.

Lebanon

Cypriot legislative election, 1960

Parliamentary elections were held in Cyprus in 1960. The House of Representatives was elected on 31 July 1960, whilst the Communal Chambers were elected on 7 August. In the House of Representatives 35 seats were elected by Greek Cypriots and 15 by Turkish Cypriots. The result was a victory for the Patriotic Front, which won 30 of the 50 seats. In the Communal Chambers, the Patriotic Front won 20 of the 26 seats in the Greek Chamber, whilst the Cyprus Turkish National Union won all seats in the Turkish Chamber.

Cyprus

13th Locarno Film Festival

The 13th Locarno Film Festival was held 21 July to 31 July 1960 in Locarno, Switzerland. Josef von Sternberg served as the jury president for the main competition. The winner of the Golden Sail, which was the festival's main prize prior to the Golden Leopard, was Il bell'Antonio directed by Alessandro Bolognini. Jiri Krejcik's film Vissi Princip was the winner of the FIPRESCI Special Jury Prize.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

19th Locarno Film Festival

The 19th Locarno Film Festival was held from 23 July to 31 July 1966, in Locarno, Switzerland. This year was the first festival after the departure of long-time festival director Vincio Berretta. There was speculation that Berretta's departure was due to recurring accusations that he was too "left-wing", as he let in films from China, Russia, and the Eastern Bloc to the festival long before other Western film festivals began to, along with the desire for more Hollywood productions in the festival.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

Operation Baker

Operation Baker was a security operation during the Vietnam War conducted by the U.S. 3rd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division from 22 April to 31 July 1967 in the Đức Phổ District of Quang Ngai Province, South Vietnam.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Coronado II

Operation Coronado II was the second of eleven in the Operation Coronado series conducted by the U.S. Mobile Riverine Force (MRF) in conjunction with various units of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in late July 1967 in an attempt to shut down Viet Cong (VC) strongholds in the Mekong Delta.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Vietnam

20th Locarno Film Festival

The 20th Locarno Film Festival was held from 22 July to 31 July 1967 in Locarno, Switzerland. Thirteen feature films premiered at the festival. Following the previous year's change, the festival continued its non-competitive, no-prize format. However, the gathered international critics voted to award Entranced Earth directed by Glauber Rocha best picture.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

Operation Pocahontas Forest

Operation Pocahontas Forest was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. Americal Division and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 2nd Division in the Quế Sơn Valley, South Vietnam from 6 to 31 July 1968.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Vietnam

Claudy bombing

The Claudy bombing occurred on 31 July 1972, when three car bombs exploded mid-morning on the Main Street of Claudy in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The attack killed nine civilians, and became known as "Bloody Monday". Those who planted the bombs had attempted to send a warning before the explosions took place. The warning was delayed, however, because the telephones were out of order due to an earlier bomb attack. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) issued an immediate denial of responsibility, and later claimed that "an internal court of inquiry" had found that its local unit did not carry out the attack.

Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

Delta Air Lines Flight 723

Delta Air Lines Flight 723 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 twin-engine jetliner, from Burlington, Vermont, to Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, with an intermediate stop in Manchester, New Hampshire. On July 31, 1973, at 11:08 a.m., while on an instrument landing system (ILS) instrument approach into Logan in low clouds and fog, the aircraft descended below the glidepath, struck a seawall, and crashed.

Massachusetts, United States

The Troubles: In a botched paramilitary attack, three members of the popular Miami Showband and two Ulster Volunteer Force gunmen were killed in County Down, Northern Ireland

Five people, including three members of The Miami Showband, were killed by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), a loyalist paramilitary group, on 31 July 1975 on the A1 road at Buskhill in County Down, Northern Ireland. The Miami Showband, one of Ireland's most popular cabaret bands, was travelling home to Dublin late at night after a performance in Banbridge.

28th Locarno Film Festival

The 28th Locarno Film Festival was held from 31 July to 10 August 1975 in Locarno, Switzerland. Hungarian director Peter Bacso made a return appearance at the festival with his film Let Go of My Beard!, and Norwegian writer-director Anja Breien's film Wives competed as one of two films from Norway. The festival also featured Legacy, directed by Karen Arthur, which won best first feature.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

34th Locarno Film Festival

The 34th Locarno Film Festival was held from 31 July to 10 August 1981 in Locarno, Switzerland. This was Jean-Pierre Brossard's last year as festival director. It included a popular retrospective of 1950s U.S. films and midnight showings of films such as Polyester directed by John Waters. The screening of Pier Palo Pasolini's Salo was so crowded that it was screened twice due to audience demand.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

Edmonton tornado

The Edmonton tornado, known as Black Friday to Edmontonians, was a powerful and devastating tornado that ripped through the eastern suburbs of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and parts of neighbouring Strathcona County on the afternoon of Friday, July 31, 1987. Six other tornadoes occurred in central Alberta the same day.

1990 DFB-Supercup

The 1990 DFB-Supercup was the fourth DFB-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played at the Wildparkstadion, Karlsruhe, and contested by league champions Bayern Munich and cup winners 1. FC Kaiserslautern.

START I

START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the reduction and the limitation of strategic offensive arms. The treaty was signed on 31 July 1991 and entered into force on 5 December 1994. The treaty barred its signatories from deploying more than 6,000 nuclear warheads and a total of 1,600 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and bombers.

STS-46

STS-46 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis and was launched on July 31, 1992, and landed on August 8, 1992.

Thai Airways International Flight 311

Thai Airways International Flight 311 (TG311/THA311) was a scheduled flight from Bangkok, Thailand's Don Mueang International Airport to Kathmandu, Nepal's Tribhuvan International Airport. On 31 July 1992, at 07:00:26 UTC (12:45:26 NST; 14:00:26 ICT), the Airbus A310 operating the route crashed into the side of a mountain 37 kilometres (23 mi; 20 nmi) north of Kathmandu, killing all 113 passengers and crew members on board.

China General Aviation Flight 7552

China General Aviation Flight 7552 was a China General Aviation flight from Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport to Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport. On July 31, 1992, the Yakovlev 42D on the route crashed into a pond past the runway after taking off. 8 of the 10 crew members and 100 of the 116 passengers died.

1996 Slovenian Supercup

The Slovenian Supercup 1996 was a football match that saw the 1995–96 PrvaLiga champions, Gorica, face off against the 1995–96 Slovenian Cup winners, Olimpija. The match was held on 31 July 1996 at the Sports Park in Nova Gorica.

1997 Uxbridge by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Uxbridge was held on 31 July 1997 following the death of incumbent Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Michael Shersby. In their first by-election hold since 1989, John Randall held the seat for the Conservatives.

United Kingdom

FedEx Express Flight 14

FedEx Express Flight 14 was a scheduled cargo flight from Singapore to Newark, New Jersey, via Malaysia, Taiwan, and Alaska. On July 31, 1997, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 flying this route crashed during a landing on its final segment at Newark International Airport, inverting and catching fire, injuring all five people on board.

Leyenda de Plata (1998)

The Leyenda de Plata (1998) was professional wrestling tournament produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council") that ran from July 24, 1998, over the course of two of CMLL's Friday night shows in Arena México with the finals on July 31, 1998. The annual Leyenda de Plata tournament is held in honor of lucha libre legend El Santo and is one of CMLL's most important annual tournaments.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Mexico

1999 Wanguri by-election

A by-election for the seat of Wanguri in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 31 July 1999. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Labor (ALP) member John Bailey. The seat had been held by Bailey since winning a previous by-election in 1989. The ALP selected Paul Henderson, a computer analyst, as its candidate. The CLP candidate was Maisie Austin.

1999 Blain by-election

A by-election for the seat of Blain in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 31 July 1999. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Country Liberal Party (CLP) member Barry Coulter, a former Deputy Chief Minister. Coulter had held Blain, and its predecessors Berrimah and Palmerston, since 1983. The CLP selected Terry Mills, a private school Principal, as its candidate.

Discovery Program

The Discovery Program is a series of Solar System exploration missions funded by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through its Planetary Missions Program Office. The cost of each mission is capped at a lower level than missions from NASA's New Frontiers or Flagship Programs. As a result, Discovery missions tend to be more focused on a specific scientific goal rather than serving a general purpose.

Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface.

Israeli presidential election, 2000

Elections for the President of Israel were held in the Knesset on 31 July 2000, following Ezer Weizman's resignation. Moshe Katsav, a prominent Likud politician, ran against Shimon Peres, a previous Prime Minister of Israel. In a surprising upset, the Knesset elected Katsav, by 63 to 57. Katsav assumed office as President on 1 August 2000. He was the first President of Israel to have been sworn in for a seven-year term, as well as the first candidate from the right-wing Likud party to be elected to the office.

Israel

2004 Trophée des Champions

The 2004 Trophée des Champions was a football match held at Stade Pierre de Coubertin, Cannes on 31 July 2004, that saw 2003–04 Ligue 1 champions Olympique Lyonnais defeat 2003–04 Coupe de France winners Paris Saint-Germain 7–6 on penalty kicks after a draw of 1–1.

Cannes, France

2004 Bulgarian Supercup

The 2004 Bulgarian Supercup was the second Bulgarian Supercup match, a football match which was contested between the 2003–04 A Group champion, Lokomotiv Plovdiv, and the winner of the 2004 Bulgarian Cup Final, Litex Lovech. The match was held on 31 July 2004 at the Lazur Stadium in Burgas, Bulgaria. Lokomotiv beat Litex 1–0 to win their first Bulgarian Supercup.

Bulgaria

2004 MLS All-Star Game

The 2004 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 9th Major League Soccer All-Star Game, played on July 31, 2004 at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. between the Eastern Conference All-Stars and Western Conference All-Stars. The Eastern Conference earned the victory after a hard-fought 3-2 win over the West.

United States

2005 Bulgarian Supercup

The 2005 Bulgarian Supercup was the third Bulgarian Supercup match, a football match which was contested between the "A" professional football group champion, CSKA Sofia, and the winner of Bulgarian Cup, Levski Sofia. The match was held on 31 July 2005 at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia, Bulgaria. Levski beat CSKA 3–1 on penalties after a 1–1 draw at the end of extra time to win their first Bulgarian Supercup.

Bulgaria

2005 Concertación presidential primary

The presidential primaries of the Concertation of Parties for Democracy of the year 2005 was the electoral system to define the presidential candidate of such Chilean coalition for the presidential election of 2005. It confronted Michelle Bachelet Jeria, candidate by the Socialist Party (PS), the Party for Democracy (PPD), and the Radical Social Democratic Party (PRSD), and Soledad Alvear Valenzuela, candidate for the Christian Democratic Party of Chile (PDC).

Chile

2005 Supercupa României

The 2005 Supercupa României was the 8th edition of Romania's season opener cup competition. The match was played in Bucharest at Stadionul Cotroceni on 31 July 2005, and was contested between Divizia A title holders, Steaua and Cupa României champions, Dinamo. Dinamo won the trophy.

Jordanian local elections, 2007

On July 31, 2007, Jordan held mayoral and council elections in 94 municipalities. As in past elections, the Municipality of Greater Amman (MOGA) was exempt from the full election; only half of the 68-member council was elected, while the other half of the MOGA council, along with the mayor, was appointed by the King of Jordan. The elections were the first to take place under new legislation that guarantees at least twenty percent of elected positions to women candidates and lowers the age of eligible voters from 19 to 18.

Jordan

Operation Helvetic

Operation Helvetic is the operational name for the British Armed Forces' residual operation in Northern Ireland from July 2007 to the present day.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

United Kingdom

East Coast Jets Flight 81

East Coast Jets Flight 81 was a business jet flight operated by East Coast Jets that crashed on July 31, 2008 while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna, Minnesota, killing all eight occupants on board. The flight originated in Atlantic City International Airport, and was scheduled to land in Owatonna.

Minnesota, United States

Infierno en el Ring (2009)

Infierno en el Ring 2009 (Spanish for "Inferno in the Ring") was a professional wrestling major show event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place on July 31, 2009 in Arena Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. The show consisted of five matches, the main event being the traditional CMLL Infierno en el Ring multi-man Steel Cage match where all the competitors risked their hair. This year 15 man participated in the steel cage match, which was the highest number ever for a CMLL Lucha de Apuestas (bet match).

Mexico City, Mexico

Jewels 9th Ring

Jewels 9th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by MMA promotion Jewels. The event took place on July 31, 2010 at Shinjuku Face in Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan.

Tokyo, Japan

2010 Johan Cruyff Shield

The fifteenth edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal) was held on 31 July 2010 at the Amsterdam Arena. The match was played between the 2009–10 Eredivisie champions FC Twente and 2009–10 KNVB Cup winners Ajax. FC Twente won the match 1–0 with a goal from Luuk de Jong.

Netherlands

Verano de Escándalo (2011)

Verano de Escándalo (2011) was a major professional wrestling event produced by the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion, which took place on July 31, 2011, at the Plaza Nuevo Progreso in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The title of the event, which has been AAA's annual summer show since 1997, is Spanish for "Summer of Scandal". The event featured seven matches with the main event featuring Los Perros del Mal and Los Psycho Circus facing each other in a Hair vs. Mask Lucha de Apuestas steel cage match, continuing the storyline rivalry, which started in October 2010.

Guadalajara, Mexico

Shamrock Bowl XXV

Shamrock Bowl XXV was an American football game pitting the 6 time Shamrock Bowl champions, Dublin Rebels against university side, UL Vikings. The game was played on July 31, 2011, at the Morton Stadium in Santry, Dublin. The Rebels defeated the Vikings by a score of 14-13, earning their seventh Shamrock Bowl win. Rebels safety Marcus Naylor was named the Shamrock Bowl MVP.

Ireland

2011 Kashgar attacks

The 2011 Kashgar attacks were a series of knife and bomb attacks in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China on July 30 and 31, 2011. On July 30, two Uyghur men hijacked a truck, killed its driver, and drove into a crowd of pedestrians. They got out of the truck and stabbed six people to death and injured 27 others. One of the attackers was killed by the crowd; the other was brought into custody.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Zimbabwean general election, 2013

General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013. The incumbent President, Robert Mugabe, was re-elected, whilst his Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front party won a two-thirds majority in the House of Assembly.

Zimbabwe

2013 MLS All-Star Game

The 2013 Major League Soccer All-Star Game, held on July 31, 2013, was the 18th annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game, a soccer match involving all-stars from Major League Soccer. The game was played at Sporting Park, now known as Children's Mercy Park, in Kansas City, Kansas. The game featured the MLS All-Stars against Roma from Italy's Serie A, marking the first time that an Italian team has played in the MLS All-Star Game.

United States

Destination X (2014)

The 2014 Destination X (a.k.a. Impact Wrestling: Destination X) was a professional wrestling event produced by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, which took place on June 26, 2014 at the Grand Ballroom in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was the tenth event under the Destination X chronology.

This entry records the broadcast, as dated in the source infobox.

United States

Tokyo gubernatorial election, 2016

Tokyo held an election on 31 July 2016 to elect the successor to Governor Yoichi Masuzoe, who submitted his resignation to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly on 15 June 2016. By-elections in four of Tokyo's cities were held on the same day to fill vacancies in the Assembly. Former Defense Minister Yuriko Koike won the election by a wide margin. Turnout increased sharply to 59% from 46% in the previous election.

Tokyo, Japan

2016 Johan Cruyff Shield

The 2016 Johan Cruyff Shield was the 21st edition of the Johan Cruyff Shield (Dutch: Johan Cruijff Schaal), an annual Dutch football match played between the winners of the previous season's Eredivisie and KNVB Cup. The match was contested by Feyenoord, the 2015–16 KNVB Cup winners, and PSV Eindhoven, champions of the 2015–16 Eredivisie. It was held at the Amsterdam Arena on 31 July 2016.

2016 Green Party presidential primaries

The 2016 Green Party presidential primaries were a series of primaries, caucuses and state conventions in which voters elected delegates to represent a candidate for the Green Party's nominee for President of the United States at the 2016 Green National Convention. The primaries, held in numerous states on various dates from January to July 2016, featured elections publicly funded and held as an alternative ballot, concurrent with the Democratic and Republican primaries, and elections privately funded by the Green Party, held non-concurrently with the major party primaries.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

2016 Alberta municipal censuses

Alberta has provincial legislation allowing its municipalities to conduct municipal censuses between April 1 and June 30 inclusive. Due to the concurrency of Statistics Canada conducting the Canada 2016 Census in May 2016, the Government of Alberta offered municipalities the option to alter their 2016 municipal census timeframes to either March 1 through May 31 or May 1 through July 31.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

2016 Yerevan hostage crisis

On 17 July 2016, a group of armed men calling themselves the Daredevils of Sasun (Armenian: Սասնա Ծռեր, romanized: Sasna Tsṙer; the name is taken from an epic poem) stormed a police station in Yerevan, Armenia and took nine hostages. They demanded the release of opposition leader Jirair Sefilian and the resignation of President Serzh Sargsyan.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Armenia

2018 Dogofry ambush

On July 31, 2018, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin ambushed a convoy of Malian soldiers transporting electoral votes near Dogofry, Mali.

Mali

2018 Southern Syria offensive

The 2018 Southern Syria offensive, code-named Operation Basalt (Arabic: عملية البازلت), was a military operation launched by the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) and its allies against the rebels and ISIL in Southern Syria. The fighting began with a surprise attack on rebel-held areas in the eastern part of the Daraa Governorate in an attempt to fracture rebel-held lines and weaken morale, ahead of their offensive in the greater Southern Syria region.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

2018 FotoFilm Tijuana

The 2nd FotoFilm Tijuana Festival took place from 27 to 31 July 2018, in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The official selection included 14 feature films, including the Ariel Award winner for Best Picture Sueño en Otro Idioma; 12 short films produced by the Mexican Institute of Cinematography (IMCINE) and two produced by the Centro de Capacitación Cinematográfica (CCC); and for the competition section, six short films were the candidates for the "Best of Show" award, sent to the festival through an open call for filmmakers posted on the FilmFreeway website; Emma or the Incoveniences of a Suicide by Mexican director Marlon Morales won the award.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

2019 MLS All-Star Game

The 2019 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 24th edition of the annual Major League Soccer All-Star Game. It was held on July 31 at Exploria Stadium in Orlando, Florida, against Spanish club Atlético Madrid. Atlético won the game 3–0. The game was televised domestically on FS1 and UniMás in the US, on TSN and TVA Sports in Canada and in more than 170 other countries around the world.

United States

2020 Coupe de la Ligue final

The 2020 Coupe de la Ligue final decided the winner of the 2019–20 Coupe de la Ligue, the 26th and last edition of France's football league cup competition, the Coupe de la Ligue, contested by the 44 teams that the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) manages. The final was originally scheduled for 4 April 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France.

Torodi ambush

On July 31, 2021, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin ambushed Nigerien forces near Torodi, Tillabéri Region, Niger, killing 18 Nigerien soldiers.

Niger

Impact Wrestling Homecoming (2021)

The 2021 Homecoming was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling. It was taped on July 18 and 19, 2021 and aired exclusively on Impact Plus on July 31, 2021. It was held at Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the second event under the Homecoming chronology and the first to be held since the 2019 event. 10 matches were contested at the event.

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Bellator 263

Bellator 263: Pitbull vs. McKee was a mixed martial arts event produced by Bellator MMA that took place on July 31, 2021, at The Forum in Inglewood, California. The event marked Bellator's first outside of the Mohegan Sun bubble and the first Bellator show on the road.

California, United States

UFC on ESPN: Hall vs. Strickland

UFC on ESPN: Hall vs. Strickland (also known as UFC on ESPN 28 and UFC Vegas 33) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on July 31, 2021 at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Nevada, United States

2021 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira

The 2021 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 43rd edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. It was played between the champions of the 2020–21 Primeira Liga, Sporting CP, and winners of the 2020–21 Taça de Portugal, Braga, on 31 July 2021. Sporting CP won the match 2–1 to secure their ninth Supertaça title overall and the first since 2015.

UEFA Women's Euro 2022 final

The final of UEFA Women's Euro 2022 took place on 31 July 2022 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. The match was contested between hosts England, who won, and Germany. For England, this was their third appearance in a European Championship final and the first since 2009, when they lost to Germany. England also lost in their first final in 1984, when Sweden beat them 4–3 on penalties.

England, United Kingdom · London, United Kingdom

Battle of Bambui

Between 28 and 31 July 2022, Cameroonian forces launched a localized offensive into the Ambazonian-controlled town of Bambui, in Northwest Region, Cameroon, sparking clashes with the separatist Ambazonia Defence Forces.

Cameroon

2022 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final

The 2022 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final was the 49th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 2022 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, an inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament for the county teams of Ireland. Meath retained the title, beating Kerry in the final. If the game had been a draw, a replay would have been played on 13 or 14 August.

Ireland

North Kosovo crisis (2022–2026)

The North Kosovo Crisis is an ongoing crisis that began on 31 July 2022, tensions between Kosovo and Serbia heightened due to the expiration of the eleven-year validity period of documents for cars on 1 August 2022, between the government of Kosovo and the Serbs in North Kosovo. Kosovo, which declared independence in 2008, signed an agreement with Serbia in 2011 that determined the use of license plates in North Kosovo.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Crimea (2022–present)

Beginning in February 2022, the Battle of Crimea has consisted of a series of maritime and overland assaults and counter-assaults as part of Russo-Ukrainian war. Occupied by Russia since 2014, Crimea was a base for the subsequent Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast and Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast on February 24, 2022, the commencement of major hostilies between the two countries.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

2022 Trophée des Champions

The 2022 Trophée des Champions was the 27th edition of the French Super Cup. The match was contested by the 2021–22 Ligue 1 champions, Paris Saint-Germain, and the 2021–22 Coupe de France winners, Nantes. It took place at Bloomfield Stadium in Tel Aviv, Israel on 31 July 2022. Paris Saint-Germain won the match 4–0 for their record eleventh Trophée des Champions title.

Israel

21st New York Asian Film Festival

The 21st New York Asian Film Festival began in New York from 15 July with the opening film of the festival Fast and Feel Love, a Thai film by Nawapol Thamrongrattanarit. The 21st edition was celebrated as 20th anniversary of the festival and seventy titles were screened in person. The lineup included six world premieres, eight international premieres, 19 North American premieres, four U.S. premieres, and 17 East Coast premieres.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

United States

UFC BJJ 2

UFC BJJ 2: Tackett vs. Canuto was a submission grappling event produced by UFC Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (UFC BJJ). The event was held at the UFC Apex in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on July 31, 2025 and was streamed live on YouTube.