7月7日发生过什么？

Battle of Copenhagen (1289)

The murder of Eric V of Denmark in Finderup in 1286, had political consequences for the Danish nobles who had been in opposition. Several had powerful enemies, and wished to use the opportunity to punish them. As a result, they fled to Norway where the king ensured their protection. At the same time a costly arbitration was concluded between the Norwegian National Board and German merchants.

Denmark

Battle of Peritheorion

The Battle of Peritheorion on 7 July 1345 between the forces of Momchil, the quasi-independent ruler of Rhodope, and an allied Byzantine-Turkish force headed by John VI Kantakouzenos and Umur Bey of Aydin. The two armies met in front of the walls of the city of Peritheorion (near Xanthi, now in ruins), and the battle resulted in a crushing victory for the allied army, with Momchil himself falling in the field.

Greece

Battle of Suzdal

The Battle of Suzdal (Russian: Битва под Суздалем) or the Battle of the Kamenka River was fought on 7 July 1445, between Russians under Vasily II and Tatar troops of Oluğ Möxämmäd, who invaded the principality of Nizhny Novgorod. The Russians were defeated by troops of beg Mäxmüd, who became Mäxmüd of Kazan after the battle. Vasily was taken prisoner and was set free only after the enormous (200,000 roubles) ransom was paid.

Suzdal, Russia

Rehabilitation trial of Joan of Arc

The conviction of Joan of Arc in 1431 was posthumously investigated on appeal in the 1450s by Inquisitor-General Jean Bréhal at the request of Joan's surviving family—her mother Isabelle Romée and two of her brothers, Jean and Pierre. The appeal was authorized by Pope Callixtus III. The purpose of the retrial was to investigate whether the trial of condemnation and its verdict had been handled justly and according to ecclesiastical law. Investigations started in 1452, and a formal appeal followed in November 1455. On 7 July 1456, the original trial was judged to be invalid due to improper procedures, deceit, and fraud, and the charges against Joan were nullified.

Battle of the Sarno

The Battle of the Sarno (7 July 1460), also known as the Battle of Nola, was a decisive defeat of the forces of Ferdinand, king of Naples, by his dissatisfied barons supporting the claim of John of Anjou, duke of Lorraine. It was fought in the plain at the mouth of the Sarno River in Campania, south of Mount Vesuvius.

Italy

Second Battle of Mokra (1462)

The Second Battle of Mokra (Albanian: Beteja e dytë e Mokrës) took place on 7 July 1462, just before Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign. Sultan Mehmed II had emerged victorious from his recent campaigns, adding large tracts of land to his empire. He was confident enough to send a new force into Albania to weaken the Albanian forces. So he sent an army under Sinan bey to complete the task.

North Macedonia

Battle of Otumba

The Battle of Otumba was a major battle fought on 7 July 1520 between the Aztec Empire and its allies led by the Cihuacoatl Matlatzincátzin, and Spanish conquistadors under Hernán Cortés, alongside support from the Confederacy of Tlaxcala. The battle was fought on the plain of Temalcatitlán, near modern-day Otumba during the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Spain. The result of the battle was a successful defense for the Spanish, which allowed Cortés to reorganize his army, having suffered heavy casualties a few days before during his army's retreat from the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, now known as La Noche Triste.

Mexico

Siege of Šabac (1521)

The siege of Šabac or Szabács occurred on 7 July in the year 1521 when the Ottoman Empire conquered the Šabac fortress. In 1520 Suleiman the Magnificent ascended to the throne. The Ottomans under the leadership of Ahmed Pasha conquered the fortress of Šabac on 7 July in 1521. All of its defenders were killed.

Action of 7 July 1565

This battle in the Northern Seven Years' War took place on 7 July 1565 and was a decisive victory for a Swedish fleet of 49 ships, under Klas Horn, over a combined Danish and Lübecker fleet of 36 ships, under Otte Rud.

Raid of the Redeswire

The Raid of the Redeswire, also known as the Redeswire Fray, was a border skirmish between England and Scotland on 7 July 1575 which took place at Carter Bar, the Cheviot pass which enters Redesdale. The skirmish was between the English Warden of the Middle Marches, Sir John Forster, with George Heron, Keeper of Redesdale, Keeper of Liddesdale and Scottish Warden and Sir John Carmichael, the Lord Warden of the Marches, with George Douglas of Bonjedworth.

Treaty of Nemours

Articles of the Treaty of Nemours (or Treaty of Saint-Maur) were agreed upon in writing and signed in Nemours on 7 July 1585 between the Queen Mother, Catherine de' Medici, acting for the King, and representatives of the House of Guise, including the Duke of Lorraine. Catherine hastened to Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, where on 13 July the treaty was signed between King Henry III of France and the leaders of the Catholic League, including Henri, duc de Guise. The king was pressured by members of the Catholic League to sign the accord which was recognized by contemporaries as a renewal of the old French Wars of Religion.

France

Raid on Żejtun

The Raid on Żejtun, also known as The Last Attack (Maltese: L-aħħar ħbit), was the last major attack made by the Ottoman Empire against Hospitaller-ruled Malta. The attack took place in July 1614, when raiders pillaged the town of Żejtun and the surrounding area before being beaten back to their ships by the Order's cavalry and by the inhabitants of the south-eastern towns and villages.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Malta

Battle of the Gianh River (1643)

The Battle of the Gianh River was a naval clash between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) navy and the Vietnamese Nguyen navy that took place off the coast of Gulf of Tonkin, at the mouth of the Gianh River. The Dutch fleet was in coordination with the northern lord Trịnh Tráng to assault the Nguyens in the south, but a Nguyen fleet commanded by prince Nguyễn Phúc Tần pursued the Dutch fleet and engaged them on the Gianh River, resulting in a Nguyen victory.

Neapolitan Revolt of 1647

The Neapolitan Revolt of 1647 was a popular revolt by the people of Naples led by Tommaso Aniello (known as Masaniello). Throughout the Thirty Years' War, rage and discontent arose among the Neapolitan residents against the ruling Spanish Duke of Arcos Rodrigo Ponce. The rebellion was a success and the most famous event was the Fire of Piazza Mercato.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Castelo Rodrigo

The Battle of Castelo Rodrigo, also known as the Battle of Salgadela, was fought on 7 July 1664, near Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo, between Spanish and Portuguese as part of the Portuguese Restoration War. After a number of skirmishes, the Duke of Osuna attacked the castle of Castelo Rodrigo with 7,000 men and 9 pieces of artillery. The castle was only defended by 150 Portuguese.

Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)

The siege of Novi Zrin (New Zrin Castle); Croatian: Utvrda Novi Zrin; Hungarian: Új-Zrínyivár; Turkish: Zerinvar) in June/July 1664 was last of the military conflicts between the Croatian forces (with allies) led by Nikola Zrinski, Ban (viceroy) of Croatia, and the Ottoman army commanded by Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Grand Vizier, dealing with possession of Novi Zrin Castle, defended by Croats, situated on the bank and marshy islands of Mura River, near the border line between northern Croatia and southwestern part of Hungary, at the time occupied by the Ottomans.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Croatia · Hungary

Battle of Martinique (1667)

The Battle of Martinique took place off the Caribbean island of Martinique from 30 June to 7 July 1667, towards the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. A French fleet commanded by de la Barre was virtually destroyed by a Royal Navy squadron under Sir John Harman. Victory meant the English restored their position in the region shortly before the Treaty of Breda ended the war on 31 July 1667.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Siege of Ostend (1706)

The siege of Ostend took place during the War of the Spanish Succession. In the wake of the Allied victory over the French at the Battle of Ramillies in May 1706, town and cities across the Spanish Netherlands rapidly surrendered to the Duke of Marlborough's victorious forces often without a fight. Ostend, a port on the North Sea coast, offered more resistance.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

First Battle of Terrenate

The First Battle of Terrenate on July 7, 1776 was a military engagement during the Spanish period of Arizona. It was fought between Spanish soldiers and Apache warriors, near the Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate in the present day southern Arizona.

Battle of Hubbardton

The Battle of Hubbardton was an engagement in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought in the village of Hubbardton, Vermont. Vermont was then a disputed territory sometimes called the New Hampshire Grants, claimed by New York, New Hampshire, and the newly organized and not yet recognized but de facto independent government of Vermont. On the morning of July 7, 1777, British forces, under General Simon Fraser, caught up with the American rear guard of the forces retreating after the withdrawal from Fort Ticonderoga. It was the only battle in Vermont during the revolution.

Hubbardton, Vermont, United States · Rutland County, Vermont, United States

Battle of Monte Settepani

The Battle of Monte Settepani (24 June–7 July 1795) saw the Coalition armies of Habsburg Austria led by Feldzeugmeister (FZM) Joseph Nikolaus de Vins and the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant (FML) Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi attack the Republican French Army of Italy led by General of Division (GD) François Christophe de Kellermann during the War of the First Coalition.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

Capture of La Croyable

The Capture of La Croyable, or the Action of July 7, 1798, occurred when the French privateer schooner La Croyable was taken by the American sloop-of-war USS Delaware on 7 July 1798 during the Quasi-War. The engagement resulted in the first capture of any ship by the United States Navy, which had been formed just months before the action.

New Jersey, United States

Quasi-War

The Quasi-War, 1798 to 1800, was an undeclared war between the United States and the French First Republic. It was fought almost entirely at sea, primarily in the Caribbean and off the East Coast of the United States, with minor actions in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. In 1793, Congress suspended repayment of loans made by France during the American Revolutionary War.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Action of 7 July 1799

The action of 7 July 1799 was a minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars in which the Spanish 34-gun frigate Nuestra Señora del Carmén captured the Royal Navy's 18-gun hired armed cutter Penelope, which was under the command of Lieutenant Frederick Lewis Maitland.

Raid on Dunkirk (1800)

The Raid on Dunkirk of 7 July 1800 was an attack by a British Royal Navy force on the well-defended French anchorage of Dunkirk in the English Channel during the French Revolutionary Wars. French naval forces had been blockaded in their harbours during the conflict, and often the only method of attacking them was through fireships or "cutting-out" expeditions, in which boats would carry boarding parties into the harbour at night, seize ships at anchor and bring them out. The attack on Dunkirk was a combination of both of these types of operation, aimed at a powerful French frigate squadron at anchor in Dunkirk harbour.

Dunkirk, France

Action of 7 July 1804

The Action of 7 July 1804 was a military engagement between the US Navy and the Tripolitans near Tripoli. A Tripolitan ship carrying wheat that attempted to enter Tripoli was forced to run ashore by US ships. A US attempt to capture or destroy the vessel was repelled, and the cargo was saved by the Tripolitans.

Tripoli, Libya, Libya

Combat of Korneuburg

The Combat of Korneuburg was a relatively minor rearguard action fought by Austrian VI Korps of the Kaiserlich-königliche Hauptarmee under Johann von Klenau against elements of the French IV Corps of the Armée d'Allemagne, under the command of Claude Legrand. The brief combat ended in favour of the French.

Austria

Battle of Požarevac (1815)

The Battle of Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Битка код Пожаревца, Bitka kod Požarevca) took place during the Second Serbian Uprising between the Serbian Revolutionaries and Ottoman forces at Požarevac, Sanjak of Smederevo from 1 July to 7 July 1815. It ended with the Serbian victory.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1824–25 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 7, 1824, and August 30, 1825. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 19th United States Congress convened on December 5, 1825. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.

United States

1824 Louisiana gubernatorial election

The 1824 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the fourth gubernatorial election to take place after Louisiana achieved statehood. Under Article III Sec 2 of the 1812 Constitution of the State of Louisiana the Governor was elected in two steps. On the first Monday in July, eligible voters went to the polls and voted. The returns were sent to the President of the Louisiana State Senate.

United States

1830 Louisiana gubernatorial special election

The 1830 Louisiana gubernatorial special election was the sixth gubernatorial election to take place after Louisiana achieved statehood. Under Article III, Sec. 2 of the 1812 Constitution of the State of Louisiana the Governor was elected in two steps. On the first Monday in July, eligible voters went to the polls and voted. The returns were sent to the President of the Louisiana State Senate.

United States

1834–35 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1834–35 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 7, 1834, and November 5, 1835. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 24th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1835. They were held during President Andrew Jackson's second term.

United States

Battle of Monterey

The Battle of Monterey, at Monterey, California, occurred on 7 July 1846, during the Mexican-American War. The United States captured the town unopposed.

California, United States

Moldavian Revolution of 1848

The Moldavian Revolution of 1848 is the name used for the unsuccessful Romanian liberal and Romantic nationalist movement inspired by the Revolutions of 1848 in the principality of Moldavia. Initially seeking accommodation within the political framework defined by the Regulamentul Organic, it eventually rejected it as imposed by foreign powers (the Russian Empire) and called for more thorough political reforms.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Jhelum (1857)

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the Indian Mutiny) a column of troops led by the commander of the 24th Regiment of Foot was sent to disarm Bengal Native Infantry units believed to be at risk of mutiny in Rawalpindi and Jhelum. At Rawalpindi, the 58th Bengal Native Infantry was disarmed peacefully, however the two companies of the 14th Bengal Native Infantry resisted the attempt by force of arms.

Pakistan

Cibaeño Revolution

The Cibaeño Revolution (Spanish: La Revolución Cibaeño) was an armed uprising that occurred in the Dominican Republic between July 1857 and June 1858, centered in the Cibao region. It was led by liberal sectors and merchants opposed to the dictatorial regime of President Buenaventura Báez, who had centralized political and economic power in the capital, Santo Domingo.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Dominican Republic

1859 New South Wales colonial election

The 1859 New South Wales colonial election was held between 9 June and 7 July 1859. This election was for all of the 80 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 58 single-member constituencies, seven 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system.

Australia

Battle of Cotton Plant

The Battle of Cotton Plant (also known as the Battle of Hill's Plantation or the Battle of Cache River) occurred on July 7, 1862, in Woodruff County, Arkansas, during the American Civil War. During the summer of 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis planned to move his army toward Helena, Arkansas, in search of supplies to replace those that had been promised but never delivered by the US Navy. The Confederates skirmished with Union troops as the Federals marched south along the White River toward the supply flotilla waiting at Clarendon. On July 7, 1862, Confederate Maj. Gen.

Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States

The Katipunan is established, the discovery of which by Spanish authorities initiated the Philippine Revolution

Katipunan (lit. 'Association'), officially known as the Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (lit. 'Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation'; Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo) and abbreviated as the KKK, was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists Deodato Arellano, Andrés Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, José Dizon and Teodoro Plata.

Newlands Resolution

The Newlands Resolution, 30 Stat. 750, was a joint resolution passed on July 7, 1898, by the United States Congress to annex the independent Republic of Hawaii, for the purpose of colonizing the island. In 1900, Congress created the Territory of Hawaii. The resolution was drafted by Representative Francis G. Newlands of Nevada, a member of the Silver Party.

Idler disaster

The Idler disaster refers to the sinking on Lake Erie of the luxury racing yacht Idler on July 7, 1900, during a storm. The ocean-going luxury racing yacht had once been an America's Cup competitor. Purchased by James Corrigan in 1899, she was completely refurbished. Corrigan, his brother, and their families took the yacht on a pleasure cruise across Lake Erie and Lake St.

North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911

The North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911, formally known as the Convention between the United States and Other Powers Providing for the Preservation and Protection of Fur Seals, was a treaty signed on July 7, 1911, designed to manage the commercial harvest of fur-bearing mammals (such as Northern fur seals and sea otters) in the Pribilof Islands of the Bering Sea.

Battle for Knjaževac

The Battle for Knjaževac was a minor engagement during the Second Balkan War between the Bulgarian 1st Army and Serbian forces near the town of Knjaževac, fought from 4 to 7 July 1913. Although Bulgarian troops captured the town after heavy fighting, a strategic withdrawal was ordered the next day. Elements of the retreating force were then ambushed by Serbian artillery, resulting in severe losses.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

First Battle of the Isonzo

The First Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the Armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front in World War I, between 23 June and 7 July 1915. The aim of the Italian Army was to drive the Austrians away from its defensive positions along the Soča (Isonzo) and on the nearby mountains. Although the Italians enjoyed a 2:1 numeric superiority, their offensive failed because the Italian commander, Luigi Cadorna, employed frontal assaults after impressive (but short) artillery barrages. The Austrians had the advantage of fighting from uphill positions barricaded with barbed wire which were able to easily resist the Italian assault.

Slovenia

Second Battle of Bolimów

The Second Battle of Bolimów was a battle of World War I between the Imperial German Army and Imperial Russian Army. The Germans, using poison gases, inflicted heavy losses on the Russian troops, but could not use the success and limited themselves to minimal acquisitions. Russian's fierce resistance thwarted the German headquarters' attempts to encircle the Russians in Poland and allowed the latter to set up defensive positions to which they would have to withdraw as a result of the great retreat.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Poland

Colombo Town Guard officer Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for allegedly inciting persecution of Muslims

Duenuge Edward Henry Pedris (Sinhala: හෙන්රි පේද්රිස්; 16 August 1888 – 7 July 1915) was a Ceylonese militia officer and a prominent socialite. Pedris was executed for treason by the 17th Punjab Regiment of the British Indian Army under martial law during the 1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots. Convicted in a three-day Field General Court Martial under the terms of the Army Act, bypassing the local legal system, his execution was viewed as unjust by the local population and a warning to local leaders.

The New Zealand Labour Party was founded in Wellington

The New Zealand Labour Party, also known simply as Labour (Māori: Reipa), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand. The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism, while observers describe Labour as social democratic and pragmatic in practice. The party participates in the international Progressive Alliance. It is one of two major political parties in New Zealand, alongside its traditional rival, the National Party.

The Marco Polo Bridge incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge incident or the July 7 incident, was a three-day battle that began on 7 July 1937 in the district of Beijing between the 29th Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and the Imperial Japanese Army

The Marco Polo Bridge incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge incident or the July 7 incident, was a three-day battle that began on 7 July 1937 in the district of Beijing between the 29th Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and the Imperial Japanese Army.

Mexican general election, 1940

General elections were held in Mexico on 7 July 1940. The presidential elections were won by Manuel Ávila Camacho, who received 93.9% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Party of the Mexican Revolution won all but one of the 173 seats.

Mexico

1940 Taça de Portugal final

The 1940 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1939–40 Taça de Portugal, the 2nd season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 7 July 1940 at the Estádio do Lumiar in Lisbon, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Belenenses and Benfica.

Lisbon, Portugal

June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina

In June 1941, Serbs in eastern Herzegovina rebelled against the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), an Axis puppet state established during World War II on the territory of the defeated and occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia. As the NDH imposed its authority, members of the fascist Ustaše ruling party began a genocidal campaign against Serbs throughout the country.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Convoy QP 13

Convoy QP 13 was an Arctic convoy of the PQ–QP series that ran during the Second World War. It was the thirteenth of the numbered series of return convoys of merchant ships westbound from the Arctic ports of Arkhangelsk and Murmansk to Britain, Iceland and North America.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1943 South African general election

General elections were held in South Africa on 7 July 1943 to elect the 150 members of the House of Assembly. The United Party of Jan Smuts won an absolute majority. Due to a racially segregated election system and restrictive franchise requirements, the electorate consisted almost exclusively of white people (who were roughly 20% of the population). Very few people of coloured and Asian descent were allowed to vote in the election.

South Africa

Operation Turkey Buzzard

Operation Turkey Buzzard, also known as Operation Beggar, was a British supply mission to North Africa that took place between March and August 1943, during the Second World War. The mission was undertaken by No. 2 Wing, Glider Pilot Regiment and No. 295 Squadron Royal Air Force, prior to the Allied invasion of Sicily.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1945 Sheikh Bashir rebellion

The 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion was a rebellion waged by tribesmen of the Habr Je'lo clan in the cities of Burao and Erigavo in the former British Somaliland colony and protectorate against British authorities in July 1945 led by Sheikh Bashir, He is from the Sheikhash/Diini Haji/Ahamed tribe a cousin of Sheikh Abiibakar MurjindheereSomali religious leader in TogDheer zone.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Somaliland

Mexican general election, 1946

General elections were held in Mexico on 7 July 1946. The presidential elections were won by Miguel Alemán Valdés, who received 77.9% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party won 141 of the 147 seats.

Mexico

Syrian parliamentary election, 1947

Parliamentary elections were held in Syria on 7 July 1947, with a second round in some constituencies on 18 July. They were the first elections since official independence in 1946. In the parliament of 127-seats, only 24 went to President Shukri al-Quwatli's National Party, 50 to independents, and 53 to a combination of opposition elements, including 33 for the People's Party.

Syria

Mexican general election, 1952

General elections were held in Mexico on 7 July 1952. The presidential elections were won by Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, who received 74.3% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party won 151 of the 161 seats.

Mexico

1954 Onslow by-election

The 1954 Onslow by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Onslow during the 30th New Zealand Parliament. It resulted from the death of the Labour Member of Parliament Harry Combs on 12 June 1954.

New Zealand

Finnish parliamentary election, 1958

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 6 and 7 July 1958. The communist Finnish People's Democratic League emerged as the largest party, but was unable to form a government.

Finland

Alaska Statehood Act

The Alaska Statehood Act (Pub. L. 85–508, 72 Stat. 339, enacted July 7, 1958) was a legislative act introduced by Delegate E. L. "Bob" Bartlett and signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on July 7, 1958. Through it, Alaska became the 49th U.S. state on January 3, 1959. The law was the culmination of a multi-decade effort by many prominent Alaskans, including Bartlett, Ernest Gruening, Bill Egan, Bob Atwood, and Ted Stevens.

This entry records the signing, as dated in the source infobox.

9th Berlin International Film Festival

The 9th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 26 June to 7 July 1959. The festival welcomed the cinematic movement known as the French New Wave and screened the work of directors such as Jean-Luc Godard, Agnès Varda and François Truffaut. The Golden Bear was awarded to Les Cousins directed by Claude Chabrol.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Buller by-election, 1962

The Buller by-election 1962 was a by-election held in the Buller electorate in the West Coast during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 7 July 1962. The by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Clarence Skinner of the Labour Party (and a likely future leader) on 26 April 1962. The by-election was won by Bill Rowling, also of the Labour Party (and a future leader). The Social Credit candidate P. H. Matthews was also the leader of the party.

New Zealand

Alitalia Flight 771

Alitalia Flight 771 was a multi-leg Douglas DC-8-43 international scheduled flight from Sydney via Darwin, Bangkok, Bombay, Karachi, and Tehran to Rome with 94 on board. On 7 July 1962 18:40 UTC (8 July 1962, 00:10 local) it crashed into a hill about 84 kilometres (52 mi) north-east of Bombay while on approach.

India

14th Berlin International Film Festival

The 14th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 26 June to 7 July 1964. The Golden Bear was awarded to Dry Summer directed by Metin Erksan. The Swedish film 491 by Vilgot Sjöman was rejected by festival director Alfred Bauer owing to its controversial nature.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Japanese House of Councillors election, 1968

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 7 July 1968, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats.

Japan

Japanese House of Councillors election, 1974

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 7 July 1974, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats.

Japan

1974 FIFA World Cup final

The final match of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, the tenth edition of FIFA's competition for national football teams, was played at Olympiastadion in Munich, West Germany, on 7 July 1974, and was contested by the Netherlands and West Germany. The tournament comprised host West Germany, defending champions Brazil, and 14 other teams who emerged from the qualification phase, organized by the six FIFA confederations.

Germany

1976 Liberal Party leadership election

The 1976 Liberal Party leadership election was called following the resignation of Jeremy Thorpe in the wake of allegations which would eventually lead to Thorpe's trial and acquittal for conspiracy to murder in 1979.

1977 Saffron Walden by-election

The 1977 Saffron Walden by-election of 7 July 1977 was held after the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Peter Kirk on 16 April that year. The Conservatives held on to the seat in the by-election.

United Kingdom

Solomon Islands: Declared

Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons, is an archipelagic country consisting of six major islands and over 1,000 smaller islands in Melanesia, Oceania, to the north-east of Australia. It is adjacent to Bougainville to the west, New Caledonia and Vanuatu to the south-east, Fiji, Tuvalu, and Wallis and Futuna to the east, and the Federated States of Micronesia and Nauru to the north.

Safra massacre

The Safra massacre, or the Day of the Long Knives, occurred in the coastal town of Safra (north of Beirut) on 7 July 1980, during the Lebanese civil war, as part of Bashir Gemayel's effort to consolidate all the Christian fighters under his leadership in the Lebanese Forces. The Phalangist forces launched a surprise attack on the Tigers, a 500-man militia that was the armed force of the National Liberal Party of former Lebanese President Camille Chamoun. The attack was supposed to be conducted at around 4:00 a.m., but in order to spare the life of Camille's son and commander of the Tigers Dany Chamoun, the attack was postponed to 10:00 a.m. to make sure that Dany left for Fakra.

Safra, Lebanon, Lebanon

1985 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1985 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on Sunday 7 July 1985 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork, County Cork. It was contested by Cork and Tipperary. Cork, captained by Ger Cunningham, claimed the title, beating Tipperary on a scoreline of 4–17 to 4–11. This was the first decider since the Centenary Munster Final.

County Cork, Ireland

1985 JSL Cup final

1985 JSL Cup final was the tenth final of the JSL Cup competition. The final was played at Toyohashi Football Stadium in Aichi on July 7, 1985. Yomiuri won the championship.

The Great American Bash (1990)

The 1990 Great American Bash was the second annual Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) banner, and the sixth annual Great American Bash event overall. It was the final held under the NWA banner, as WCW seceded from the NWA in January 1991. The event took place on July 7, 1990, at the Baltimore Arena in Baltimore, Maryland.

Maryland, United States

The Brioni Agreement is signed on the Brijuni Islands

On July 7, 1991, representatives of Slovenia, Croatia and Yugoslavia signed the Brioni Agreement on the Brijuni Islands, in present-day Croatia, under European Community mediation. It called for a ceasefire and a three-month suspension of steps to implement independence, allowing negotiations on Yugoslavia’s future.

Croatia

1991 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1991 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on 7 July 1991 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. It was contested by Cork and Tipperary. Highlights of both games were shown as part of The Sunday Game programme on RTÉ 2 on the Sunday night. The programmes were presented by Michael Lyster, with commentary by Ger Canning.

1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup final

The 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was a football match played on July 7, 1991, at the Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, to determine the winner of the 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup. United States beat Honduras 4–3 on penalties after the game finished 0–0 after extra time. This was the United States' first major title. It was also the first ever Gold Cup Final and first to be decided by a penalty shoot-out.

1993 Latvian presidential election

The 1993 presidential elections in Latvia took place on July 7, 1993. It was the first presidential election after the restoration of Latvia's independence. Guntis Ulmanis was elected the 5th President of Latvia.

Latvia

Yemeni civil war (1994)

The Yemeni civil war (Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اليمنية), also known as the Summer War of 1994 (Arabic: حرب صيف ١٩٩٤), was a civil war fought between the two Yemeni forces of the pro-union northern and the socialist separatist southern Yemeni states and their supporters. The war resulted in the defeat of the southern separatists and the reunification of Yemen, and the flight into exile of many leaders of the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) and other separatists.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Yemen

CMLL International Gran Prix (1995)

The CMLL International Gran Prix (1995) was a lucha libre, or professional wrestling, tournament produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; "World Wrestling Council" in Spanish) which took place on July 7, 1995 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico, CMLL's main venue. The 1995 International Gran Prix was the second time CMLL has held an International Gran Prix tournament since 1994.

Mexico City, Mexico

Bash at the Beach (1996)

The 1996 Bash at the Beach was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It was the third annual Bash at the Beach and took place on July 7, 1996 from the Ocean Center in Daytona Beach, Florida. The event is best remembered for Hulk Hogan's heel turn and the formation of the New World Order (nWo), which contributed greatly to the success of WCW in the mid-to-late 1990s.

Florida, United States

1996 L.League Cup final

1996 L.League Cup final was the 1st final of the L.League Cup competition. The final was played at Nihondaira Sports Stadium in Shizuoka on July 7, 1996. Yomiuri-Seiyu Beleza won the championship.

Operation Hammer (1997)

Operation Hammer (Turkish: Çekiç Harekâtı) was the largest cross-border operation done in the history of Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 12 May and 7 July 1997 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).

Battle of Tololing

The Battle of Tololing was a pivotal battle in the Kargil War between India and troops from one full battalion of Pakistan’s Northern Light Infantry who were aided by Pakistani irregulars in 1999.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

India

Battle of Point 4875

The Battle of Point 4875 took place from 4 to 7 July 1999 and was a pivotal military offensive carried out by the 13th Jammu and Kashmir Rifles battalion in the Kargil War of 1999. The battle was an Indian success.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

UEFA Women's Euro 2001 final

The final of UEFA Women's Euro 2001 was held on 7 July 2001 at Donaustadion in Ulm, Germany. Claudia Müller scored the only goal of the match, a golden goal in extra time, as Germany won 1–0 to retain their title having won the previous edition in 1997.

Germany

2002 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final

The 2002 Liga Indonesia Premier Division final was a football match that was played on 7 July 2002 at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta. It was contested by Persita Tangerang and Petrokimia Putra to determine the winner of the 2002 Liga Indonesia Premier Division. Petrokimia Putra won the match 2–1 thanks to a golden goal from Yao Eloii. With the result, Petrokimia Putra claim their first-ever professional title.

Jakarta, Indonesia

K-1 World MAX 2004 World Tournament final

K-1 World MAX 2004 World Tournament Final was a kickboxing and martial arts event promoted by the K-1 organization. It was the third K-1 MAX final for middleweight kickboxers (70 kg/154 lb weight class) involving eight finalists and two reserve fighters, with all bouts fought under K-1 rules. Seven of the eight finalists had won elimination fights at the K-1 World MAX 2004 World Tournament Open, while the last finalist and both reserve fighters were invited despite suffering defeats. As well as tournament matches there was also an opening fight, fought under K-1 rules and a super fight fought under K-1 mixed rules (2 rounds of kickboxing, 2 rounds of MMA). In total there were fourteen fighters at the event, representing nine countries. The tournament winner was Buakaw Por. Pramuk who won the ten million yen first prize by defeating reigning K-1 MAX champion and pre-tournament favourite Masato in the final by unanimous decision after an extra extension round. It was an excellent victory for the relatively unknown Thai who would burst on to the global kickboxing scene and would go on to become a real force in the middleweight division. The other notable result saw popular local MMA fighter Norifumi "Kid" Yamamoto defeat kickboxer Yasuhiro Kazuya in their special MMA vs kickboxing match. The event was held in Tokyo at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium, on Wednesday, 7 July 2004 in front of 14,000 spectators.

Tokyo, Japan

7 July 2005 London bombings

On 7 July 2005, Islamist terrorists carried out four coordinated suicide bombings targeting commuters travelling on London's public transport during the morning rush hour. The attacks are sometimes known as the 7/7 bombings or simply 7/7. Three terrorists separately detonated three homemade bombs in quick succession aboard London Underground trains in Inner London. Later, a fourth terrorist detonated another bomb on a double-decker bus in Tavistock Square.

UFC 73

UFC 73: Stacked was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). It took place on July 7, 2007 at the ARCO Arena in Sacramento, California and featured a total of nine bouts: four on the preliminary card and five on the main card.

California, United States

Live Earth (2007 concert)

Live Earth was a one-off event developed to combat climate change. The first series of benefit concerts were held on July 7, 2007. The concerts brought together more than 150 musical acts in twelve locations around the world which were broadcast to a mass global audience through televisions, radio, and streamed via the Internet.

Live Earth

Live Earth was an event developed to increase environmental awareness through entertainment.

2011 Grand Rapids shootings

On July 7, 2011, 34-year-old Rodrick Shonte Dantzler killed seven people and wounded two others in a spree shooting in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The killings occurred in two homes, with the two non-fatal gunshot injuries taking place on the road. Dantzler was pursued by police on a lengthy car chase which eventually left his vehicle disabled in a highway woodline and after holding hostages in a nearby house for several hours, took his own life.

Michigan, United States

UFC 148

UFC 148: Silva vs. Sonnen II was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on July 7, 2012 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was the seventeenth UFC event of the year. The card consisted of eleven bouts, with six televised live on pay-per-view, four preliminary bouts on FX, and one on Facebook.

Las Vegas Valley, United States · Nevada, United States

2012 Libyan parliamentary election

Elections for a General National Congress (GNC) were held in Libya on 7 July 2012, having been postponed from 19 June. They were the first elections since the overthrow and death of longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi a year earlier, the first free national elections since 1952, and only the second free national elections since Libya gained independence in 1951.

Libya

At least 172 people are killed in a flash flood in the Krasnodar Krai region of Russia

The 2012 Krasnodar Krai floods were floods in southwest Russia in early July 2012, mainly in Krasnodar Krai near the coast of the Black Sea. The equivalent of five months of rain fell overnight in some southern parts of the country according to the Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia. One hundred seventy-one people died during the floods.

2013 Rediske Air DHC-3 crash

On 7 July 2013, a single-engine de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter, operated by air charter company Rediske Air, crashed on take-off at Soldotna Airport, Alaska. The sole crewmember and all nine passengers on board were killed. The crash was attributed to improper loading.

Alaska, United States

2013 Zacatecas state elections

The 2013 Zacatecas State Elections were held on Sunday, July 7, 2013, and determined the following elected positions in the Mexican state of Zacatecas: 58 Municipalities: each with a Municipal President and council members, elected for 3 years and subsequently ineligible for an immediate period after their term. 30 Deputies for the State Congress: 18 State Deputies elected by plurality from each Electoral District and 12 elected by the principal of proportional representation.

Mexico

2013 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 2013 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship final, the deciding game of the 2013 Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, was a hurling match played on 7 July 2013 at Croke Park, Dublin. Contested by Dublin and Galway.

Dublin, Ireland

2013 Slovenian Supercup

The 2013 Slovenian Supercup was the ninth edition of the Slovenian Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Slovenian PrvaLiga and Slovenian Cup competitions. The match was played on 7 July 2013 at the Arena Petrol stadium in Celje between the 2012–13 Slovenian PrvaLiga winners Maribor and the 2012–13 Slovenian PrvaLiga runners-up Olimpija Ljubljana, as Maribor won both the Slovenian Cup and the Slovenian PrvaLiga in the previous season.

Aleppo offensive (July 2015)

The Aleppo offensive (July 2015) was a military operation launched by two rebel coalitions against the Syrian Army, during the Syrian Civil War, in the city of Aleppo. The aim of the operation was to breach Army defenses and enter, and potentially take, the government-held western half of the city.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

UFC Fight Night: dos Anjos vs. Alvarez

UFC Fight Night: Dos Anjos vs. Alvarez (also known as UFC Fight Night 90) was a mixed martial arts event held on July 7, 2016 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Las Vegas, United States · Nevada, United States

2016 shooting of Dallas police officers

On July 7, 2016, Micah Xavier Johnson ambushed and shot police officers in Dallas, Texas, killing five, injuring nine others, and wounding two civilians. Johnson, a 25-year-old Army Reserve Afghan War veteran, was angry over police shootings of black men. He shot the officers at the end of a protest against the recent killings by police of Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Philando Castile in Falcon Heights, Minnesota.

Texas, United States

2016 Polish Super Cup

The 2016 Polish Super Cup was held on 7 July 2016 between the 2015–16 Ekstraklasa winners and the 2015–16 Polish Cup winners Legia Warsaw and the 2015–16 Polish Cup runners-up Lech Poznań.

Poland

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), or the Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty, is the first legally binding international agreement to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons, with the ultimate goal being their total elimination. It was adopted on 7 July 2017, opened for signature on 20 September 2017, and entered into force on 22 January 2021.

2017 Rafah terror attack

The Rafah terror attack, also called the "Battle of Al-Barth", was a terrorist attack conducted by the Islamic State – Sinai Province on an Egyptian Armed Forces checkpoint in Rafah in North Sinai on 7 July 2017 and resulted in the death and injury of 23 Egyptian soldiers, including the high-ranking El-Sa'ka officer, Col. Ahmed Mansi. 46 terrorists were killed and six cars of the militants were destroyed in the attack.

2017 Mongolian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 26 June 2017. Incumbent president Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, first elected in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, was constitutionally barred from running for a third term. For the first time, no candidate received a majority vote in the first round, forcing a run-off between the Democratic Party (DP) candidate Khaltmaagiin Battulga and the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) candidate Miyeegombyn Enkhbold on 7 July, brought forward from 9 July.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Mongolia

2017 Polish Super Cup

The 2017 Polish Super Cup was held on 7 July 2017 between the 2016–17 Ekstraklasa winners Legia Warsaw and the 2016–17 Polish Cup winners Arka Gdynia.

Poland

G1 Special in San Francisco

G1 Special in San Francisco was a professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on July 7, 2018, at the Cow Palace in the San Francisco suburb of Daly City, California. The event was broadcast on AXS TV in the United States.

California, United States

UFC 226

UFC 226: Miocic vs. Cormier was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on July 7, 2018, at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area.

2018 Malaysia FA Cup final

The 2018 Malaysia FA Cup final was the 29th final of the Malaysia FA Cup, the Malaysia football cup competition. Pahang won the cup after defeating Selangor 2–0.

53rd Karlovy Vary International Film Festival

The 53rd Karlovy Vary International Film Festival took place from June 29 to July 7, 2018, in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. A total of 236 films were presented at the festival, including 35 world premieres, eight international and seven European premieres.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Czechia

2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final

The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup final was an association football match which determined the winner of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. It was the eighth final of the FIFA Women's World Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the women's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The match was played on 7 July 2019 at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu, a suburb of Lyon, France. The final was contested by the United States, the defending champion, and the Netherlands, in their first final.

France

Slammiversary XVII

Slammiversary XVII was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on July 7, 2019 at Gilley's Dallas in Dallas, Texas. It was the fifteenth event under the Slammiversary chronology. Eight matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Sami Callihan defeated Tessa Blanchard in an Intergender match.

Dallas, United States · Texas, United States

2019 Copa América final

The 2019 Copa América final was a final match of the 46th edition of Copa América tournament that took place on 7 July 2019 at the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to determine the winner of the 2019 Copa América. The match featured Brazil, the tournament hosts and Peru, in which Brazil won the match 3–1 to clinch their ninth Copa América title and their first since 2007.

Brazil

2019 Greek parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 7 July 2019. The elections were called by Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras on 26 May 2019 after the ruling Syriza party lost the European and local elections. They were the first national elections since the voting age was lowered to 17, and the number of parliamentary constituencies was increased from 56 to 59.

Greece

2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup final

The 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was a soccer match which determined the winners of the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup. The match was held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois, United States, on July 7, 2019, and was contested by Mexico and the United States. It was the sixth Gold Cup final to be contested by Mexico and the United States, and the first since 2011.

Illinois, United States · Chicago, United States

2020 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary

The 2020 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary took place on July 7, 2020, alongside the Delaware primary, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election. It was originally planned for June 2 together with four other primaries, but was moved due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The New Jersey primary was a semi-closed primary, with the state awarding 146 delegates, of which 126 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the primary.

New Jersey, United States

2020 Delaware Republican presidential primary

The 2020 Delaware Republican presidential primary took place on July 7, 2020, along with the New Jersey primary on the same day. Donald Trump won the primary by a wide margin. Rocky De La Fuente, the only candidate other than Trump on the ballot, won his highest share of the vote in this primary.

Delaware, United States

2020 Delaware Democratic presidential primary

The 2020 Delaware Democratic presidential primary took place on July 7, 2020, alongside the New Jersey primary, as part of the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election. It was originally going to take place on April 28, 2020, as one of several northeastern states in the "Acela primary", but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Delaware, United States

Assassination of Jovenel Moïse

Jovenel Moïse, the 48th president of Haiti, was assassinated on 7 July 2021 at 1:00 am EDT (UTC−04:00) at his residence in Port-au-Prince. A group of 28 foreign mercenaries, mostly from Colombia, are alleged to be responsible for the killing. First Lady Martine Moïse was also shot multiple times in the attack and was airlifted to the United States for emergency treatment.

Port-au-Prince, Haiti

26th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival

The 26th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (Korean: 제26회 부천국제판타스틱영화제), an international film festival held in Bucheon, South Korea, began on 7 July 2022 with the slogan 'Stay Strange'. A non-competitive international film festival with a competitive section, opened with film Men by Alex Garland. This year the festival resumed its offline events after two years, which were curtailed due to COVID-19.

South Korea

Boris Johnson announces his resignation as leader of the Conservative Party following days of pressure from the Members of Parliament (MPs) during the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis

Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964) is a British politician and writer who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. He was previously Foreign Secretary from 2016 to 2018 and Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Henley from 2001 to 2008 and for Uxbridge and South Ruislip from 2015 to 2023.

NXT Heatwave (2024)

The 2024 NXT Heatwave was a professional wrestling event produced by the American company WWE, held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's developmental brand, NXT. It was the third annual Heatwave produced by WWE for NXT and the 10th Heatwave overall. The event took place on July 7, 2024, at the Scotiabank Arena in Toronto, Ontario, Canada as part of Money in the Bank weekend.

Toronto, Canada

2024 French legislative election

Legislative elections were held in France on 30 June and 7 July 2024 (and one day earlier for some voters outside of metropolitan France) to elect all 577 members of the 17th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. The election followed the dissolution of the National Assembly by President Emmanuel Macron, triggering a snap election after the National Rally (RN) made substantial gains and Macron's Besoin d'Europe electoral list lost a significant number of seats in the 2024 European Parliament election.

France

2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election

The 2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election took place on 7 July 2024 to elect the Governor of Tokyo. Incumbent Yuriko Koike was re-elected for a third term, albeit at a reduced share of the votes compared to her 2016 election and 2020 re-election. Shinji Ishimaru, the former Mayor of Akitakata, exceeded expectations to place second behind Koike.

Tokyo, Japan