3月20日发生过什么？

Battle of Ichi-no-Tani

The Battle of Ichi-no-Tani (一ノ谷の戦い, Ichi-no-Tani no tatakai) was fought between the attacking Minamoto clan and the defending Taira clan at Suma, to the west of present-day Kobe, Japan, on 20 March 1184. It sat on a very narrow strip of shore, between mountains on the north, and the sea to the south. This made it quite defensible, but also made it difficult to maneuver troops inside the fortress.

Japan

Battle of Racibórz

The Battle of Raciborz took place in the Polish town of Raciborz, on 20 March 1241, during the Mongol invasion of Poland. It ended in the victory of a Polish army from Silesia, commanded by Duke of Opole and Raciborz, Mieszko II the Fat. On March 20, 1241, units of the Mongol Army reached the Oder near Raciborz, and began to cross the river. Duke Mieszko II the Fat, aware of this, decided to attack the invaders while they were busy trying to get across the Oder. With an unknown number of knights, he attacked the Mongols, killed probably 400 Asiatic warriors, and defeated them.

Racibórz, Poland

Battle of Nibley Green

The Battle of Nibley Green was fought near North Nibley in Gloucestershire on 20 March 1470, between the troops of Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle and William Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley. It is notable for being the last battle fought in England entirely between the private armies of feudal magnates.

Gloucestershire, United Kingdom

Battle of Axarquía

The battle of Axarquía was a military engagement between the Castilians and the Granadans. The Castilians launched a raid against Axarquía but were ambushed by the Granadans. The battle ended with a resounding Granadan victory.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Battle of Szina

The Battle of Szina (Slovak: Bitka pri Seňa, Hungarian: Szinai csata) took place near Seňa (Hungarian: Szina, now Abaújszina) in present-day Slovakia. The battle was fought on March 20, 1528, between King János Szapolyai of Hungary, and Austrian forces under command of Bálint Török and Johann Katzianer, a Styrian mercenary commander of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. The battle was the second military defeat for Szapolyai.

Slovakia

Battle of Virserum

The Battle of Virserum, also called the Battle of Lake Hjorten was the final engagement between the royal troops of Gustav Vasa and the insurgent leader Nils Dacke during the Dacke War. An estimated 20,000 people took part in the fighting.

The Dutch East India Company is established

The United East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie [vərˈeːnɪɣdə oːstˈɪndisə kɔmpɑˈɲi]; abbr. VOC [veː(j)oːˈseː]), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies, it was granted a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia.

Battle of Chios (1621)

The Battle of Chios of 1621 was a naval battle between a Spanish and Italian fleet and an Ottoman-Barbary fleet near the island of Chios. It concluded with a Christian victory.

Siege of Frankenthal

The siege of Frankenthal was a siege of the Palatinate campaign during the Thirty Years' War. A Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba besieged the Palatinate fortified city of Frankenthal and its mostly English garrison commanded by John Burroughs. The siege lasted from 1621 to 20 March 1623, when King James I ordered the city to surrender.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Siege of Vinnytsia

The battle of Vinnytsia or siege of Vinnytsia was an armed clash that took place on 11–20 March 1651, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Ain Dara

The Battle of Ain Dara occurred in the village of Ain Dara, in Mount Lebanon in 1711, between the Qaysi and Yamani, two rival tribo-political factions. The Qays were led by Emir Haydar of the Shihab dynasty and consisted of the Druze clans of Jumblatt, Imad, Nakad Talhuq, and Abd al-Malik and the Maronite clan of Khazen.

Lebanon

Skirmish of Keith

The Skirmish of Keith was a conflict that took place on the 20 March 1746 in Keith, Moray, Scotland and was part of the Jacobite rising of 1745.

Scotland, United Kingdom

Great Boston Fire of 1760

The Great Boston Fire of 1760 was a major conflagration that occurred on March 20, 1760, in Boston in the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The fire destroyed 349 buildings in the area between the modern Washington Street and Fort Hill, as well as several ships in port, and it left more than a thousand people homeless.

Boston, United States

Battle of Heliopolis (1800)

The Battle of Heliopolis was fought between the French Army of the Orient under the command of General Jean-Baptiste Kléber and an Ottoman army at Heliopolis on 20 March 1800. The French were victorious, inflicting over 9,000 casualties on the Ottomans while suffering only 600 killed or wounded.

Battle of Braga (1809)

The Battle of Braga or Battle of Póvoa de Lanhoso or Battle of Carvalho d'Este (20 March 1809) saw an Imperial French corps led by Marshal Nicolas Soult attack a Portuguese army commanded by Baron Christian Adolph Friedrich von Eben. Soult's professional soldiers slaughtered large numbers of their opponents, who were mostly badly disciplined and poorly armed militia. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. Braga is situated about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north-northeast of Porto (Oporto). The British won a tactical victory over Soult's II Corps in the Battle of Corunna on 16 January 1809.

Portugal

Battle of Limonest

The Battle of Limonest (20 March 1814) saw 53,000 Austrian and Hessian troops led by Prince Frederick of Hessen-Homburg attack 23,000 French troops under Marshal Pierre Augereau. After some stiff fighting, the Allies forced the outnumbered French defenders to withdraw from a line of hills north of Lyon in this War of the Sixth Coalition action. Lyon, in 1814 the second largest city in France, was abandoned to the Allies as a direct result of the defeat. While Napoleon faced the main Allied armies of Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher to the east of Paris, a secondary campaign was conducted near Lyon to the south.

Limonest, France

Battle of Membrillar

The Battle of Membrillar occurred on 20 March 1814, during the War of Chilean Independence.

End of the reign of Ludwig I of Bavaria

Ludwig I or Louis I (German: Ludwig I.; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was King of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. When he was crown prince, he was involved in the Napoleonic Wars. As king, he encouraged Bavaria's industrialization, initiating the Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube.

Release of Uncle Tom's Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in two volumes in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S., and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the American Civil War". Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Seminary, was part of the religious Beecher family and an active abolitionist.

Battle of Santa Rosa

In the 19th century, Nicaragua was beset by political issues among liberals and conservatives, allowing William Walker, an American Southerner seeking to establish English-speaking slavery states in Latin America, to ascend to the Nicaraguan presidency. Walker believed in the doctrine of manifest destiny, and established himself in Nicaragua in the guise of offering help to liberals , but his real intentions were to conquer the five provinces of Central America, a manifesto he titled "Five or None."

Costa Rica

An earthquake occurred in the Argentine province of Mendoza, causing at least 6,000 deaths and destroying most of the buildings in the province's capital city

The 1861 Mendoza earthquake occurred in the province of Mendoza, Argentina on 20 March at 11:30 PM. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.2 on the Ms scale and an intensity of IX–X on the Mercalli scale. Its hypocenter was located at an estimated depth of 30 kilometres (19 mi).

Battle of Vaught's Hill

The Battle of Vaught's Hill, also known as the Battle of Milton, was a battle of the American Civil War, occurring on March 20, 1863, in Rutherford County, Tennessee. During the inactivity following the Battle of Stones River, a Union brigade-sized reconnaissance force, under Col. Albert S. Hall, left Murfreesboro on March 18. Circling to the northeast, Hall encountered Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan's cavalry command, which caused him to fall back to a position east of Milton. Pursuing Hall, Morgan's men caught up with him on the morning of March 20, at Vaught's Hill.

Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States

Evacuation of Fredericia

The Evacuation of Fredericia was part of the Second Schleswig War and began on March 20, 1864, with a bombardment by Austrian and Prussian troops. The evacuation of the Fredericia fortress on April 28 effectively marked the end of Danish resistance in Jutland.

Denmark

March 1874 Galway Borough by-election

The March 1874 Galway Borough by-election was held on 20 March 1874. The by-election was held due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Home Rule MP, William St Lawrence. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Frank Hugh O'Donnell. An election petition alleged bribery and intimidation on the part of O'Donnell's supporters, and his election was declared void under the Parliamentary Elections Act 1868.

United Kingdom

Battle of Las Guásimas (1874)

The Battle of Las Guásimas (16–20 March 1874) was fought in Camagüey, Cuba. Some 2,050 rebels, commanded by Dominican major general Máximo Gómez, defeated 5,000 Spanish troops with 6 cannons. The five-day battle cost the Spanish 1,037 casualties and the rebels 174 casualties.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Cuba

Battle of Tabaruzaka

The Battle of Tabaruzaka was a major battle of the Satsuma Rebellion. It took place in March 1877, on the island of Kyushu, Japan, concurrently to the Siege of Kumamoto Castle.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Japan

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property

The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in Paris, France, on 20 March 1883, was one of the first intellectual property treaties. It established a Union for the protection of industrial property. The Convention is currently still in force. The substantive provisions of the Convention fall into three main categories: national treatment, priority right and common rules.

France

The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia

Romen Theatre (Russian: Московский музыкально-драматический театр "Ромэн") in Moscow, Russia, is the oldest and the most famous of Romani theatres in the world. The theatre is a key object of Romani culture in Russia, and from the moment of its foundation in 1931, it has been a centre of attraction for Romani artists in Russia.

Emperor Wilhelm II dismissed Otto von Bismarck as the chancellor of the German Empire

Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as its first chancellor from 1871 to 1890. Bismarck's Realpolitik and firm governance earned him the nickname Iron Chancellor (Eiserner Kanzler). From Junker landowner origins, Bismarck rose rapidly in Prussian politics under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.

The first of a series of auctions of sheep farming land in southern Patagonia takes place impacting established settlers

In late 19th and early 20th centuries, sheep farming expanded across the Patagonian Steppe making the southern regions of Argentina and Chile one of the world's foremost sheep farming areas. The sheep farming boom attracted thousands of immigrants from Chiloé and Europe to southern Patagonia. Early sheep farming in Patagonia was oriented towards wool production but changed over time with the development of industrial refrigerators towards meat export.

1910 UECF Copa del Rey final

The 1910 Copa del Rey final (UECF) was the 8th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey (although technically there was no final, with the tournament being played as a mini-group of three teams). It was one of two rival Cup competitions played in that year due to disagreements between the tournament's reigning champion, Club Ciclista de San Sebastián, and some of the clubs invited. This was the "unofficial" competition, organised by the UECF (Unión Española de Clubes de Fútbol), in San Sebastián. Both its winner and that of the rival, the newly created FEF (Federación Española de Fútbol), later Royal Spanish Football Federation (Spanish: Real Federación Española de Fútbol, RFEF) in Madrid played two months later, are currently recognised as official by the RFEF. The final was contested by Athletic Bilbao (then known as Athletic Club) and Vasconia, and was held at Ondarreta Stadium, San Sebastián on 20 March 1910.

Song Jiaoren is shot at Shanghai Railway Station

Song Jiaoren (Chinese: 宋敎仁; pinyin: Sòng Jiàorén; Wade–Giles: Sung Chiao-jen, [sʊ̂ŋ tɕjâʊɻə̌n]; 5 April 1882 – 22 March 1913) was a Chinese republican revolutionary and one of the founding leaders of the Kuomintang (KMT). An advocate of a parliamentary cabinet system to check the powers of Yuan Shikai, Song led the KMT to victory in China's first democratic election before being assassinated in Shanghai on 22 March 1913.

In the Curragh incident, over 100 British Army officers threaten to resign if ordered to march against the Ulster Volunteers

The Curragh incident of 20 March 1914, sometimes known as the Curragh mutiny, occurred in the Curragh, County Kildare, Ireland. The Curragh Camp was then the main base for the British Army in Ireland, which at the time still formed part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland was scheduled to receive a measure of devolved government, which would include the northern province of Ulster, later in the year.

Albert Einstein submits his paper, "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity", which establishes his general theory of relativity, to the journal Annalen der Physik

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for "his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

Operation Alberich

Operation Alberich (Unternehmen Alberich) was the codename of a German Army military operation in France during World War I. It was a planned withdrawal to new positions on the shorter, more easily defended Hindenburg Line (Siegfriedstellung), which took place between 9 February and 20 March 1917 and eliminated the two salients which had been formed in 1916, between Arras and Saint-Quentin and from Saint-Quentin to Noyon, during the Battle of the Somme. The British referred to it as the German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line but the operation was a strategic withdrawal rather than a retreat.

France

1920 New South Wales state election

The 1920 New South Wales state election was held on 20 March 1920. The 24th parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 18 February 1920 by the Governor, Sir Walter Edward Davidson, on the advice of the Premier William Holman. The election was for all of the 90 seats in the 25th New South Wales Legislative Assembly, and it was the first to be conducted with multi-member electorates, using the Hare-Clark single transferable vote system.

1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite

The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty and carried out on 20 March 1921 to determine ownership of the province of Upper Silesia between Weimar Germany and the Second Polish Republic. The region was ethnically mixed with both Germans and Poles. According to prewar statistics, ethnic Poles formed 60 percent of the population.

1923 San Diego mayoral election

An election was held on March 20, 1923, to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent mayor John L. Bacon stood for reelection. In the primary election, Bacon received a majority of the votes and was elected outright with no need for a contested runoff.

Canton Coup

The Canton Coup of 20 March 1926, also known as the Zhongshan Incident or the March 20th Incident, was a purge of Chinese Communist Party elements of the National Revolutionary Army in Guangzhou (then romanized as "Canton") undertaken by Chiang Kai-shek. The incident solidified Chiang's power immediately before the successful Northern Expedition, turning him into the paramount leader of the country.

People's Republic of China

Eddisbury by-election, 1929

The Eddisbury by-election, 1929 was a by-election held on 20 March 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eddisbury.

United Kingdom

Saudi–Yemeni war (1934)

The Saudi–Yemeni war (Arabic: الحرب السعودية اليمنية) was a war between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Kingdom of Yemen in 1934.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Cartwheel

Operation Cartwheel (1943–1944) was a major military operation undertaken by the Allies in the Pacific theatre of World War II. The ultimate goal of Cartwheel was to neutralize the major Japanese base at Rabaul. The operation was directed by the Supreme Allied Commander in the South West Pacific Area (SWPA), General Douglas MacArthur, whose forces had advanced along the northeast coast of New Guinea and occupied nearby islands.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Solomon Islands

Jasiel massacre

The Jasiel Massacre was committed on March 20, 1946 by Ukrainian Insurgent Army partisans on Polish soldiers of the Border Protection troops and officers of the Citizens' Militia in Jasiel.

Poland

Singaporean general election, 1948

General elections were held for the first time in Singapore on 20 March 1948, when six of the 22 seats on the Legislative Council became directly-elected. Voting was not compulsory and a restricted to British subjects, who constituted around 2% of the 940,000 population. Although various organisations called for a boycott of the elections, voter turnout was 63.1%.

Singapore

1957 British Honduras general election

General elections were held in British Honduras on 20 March 1957. The ruling People's United Party won all nine seats contested. This was the first of two occasions they would sweep the House. It was the PUP's first election under the leadership of George Cadle Price. Price would lead the party until 1996.

Northern Ireland general election, 1958

The Northern Ireland general election, 1958 was held on 20 March 1958. Like all previous elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, it produced a large majority for the Ulster Unionist Party.

Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

Battle of Dhala

The Battle of Dhala took place in March 1965 during the Aden Emergency.

1966 Sungei Bahru by-election

The Sungei Bahru by-election is a state by-election that was held on 20 March 1966 in the state of Melaka, Malaysia. The Sungei Bahru seat fell vacant following the death of its MLA Mr. Thamby Chik Karim of Alliance. He won the seat in 1964 Malaysian general election with 7,878 majority. Abdullah Abdul Samad of Alliance, won the by election, defeating Mohamed Din Daud of PRM and Taha Kalu of PMIP with majority of 3,097 votes.

Malaysia

Second battle of Bàu Bàng

The second battle of Bàu Bàng occurred during the night of 19–20 March 1967 during Operation Junction City, a search and destroy mission by American military forces in Tay Ninh Province of South Vietnam, to the west of the capital Saigon. Forces from the Third Squadron, 5th Cavalry Regiment were entrusted with the securing of Fire Support Base 20, around 1.5 km north of the village of Bàu Bàng.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Second Invasion of Onitsha

The Second Invasion of Onitsha (January 2 - March 20, 1968) was military conflict between Nigerian and Biafran military forces.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1969 Aswan Ilyushin Il-18 crash

On 20 March 1969, an Ilyushin Il-18 operated by United Arab Airlines crashed while attempting to land at Aswan Airport, Egypt, killing 100 of the 105 passengers and crew on board.

Egypt

Donegall Street bombing

On 20 March 1972, the Provisional IRA detonated a car bomb in Lower Donegall Street in Belfast, Northern Ireland, when the street was crowded with shoppers, office workers, and many schoolchildren. Seven people were killed in the explosion, including two members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), who said they had evacuated people to what was considered to have been a safe area following misleading telephone calls, which had originally placed the device in a nearby street.

Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

1976 Cambodian general election

General elections were held in Democratic Kampuchea on 20 March 1976, following the Khmer Rouge's victory over the Lon Nol government in April 1975. A total of 515 candidates for the 250 seats of Kampuchean People's Representative Assembly were put forward by the Communist-dominated National United Front of Kampuchea, 150 of whom were to be elected from among the peasantry, 50 from the industrial workers, and 50 from the Kampuchea Revolutionary Army.

1976 Victorian state election

The 1976 Victorian state election, held on Saturday, 20 March 1976, was for the 47th Parliament of Victoria. It was held in the Australian state of Victoria to elect 81 members of the state's Legislative Assembly and 22 members of the 44-member Legislative Council. Since the previous election, there was an increase in the number of members of the Legislative Assembly by 8 and in the number of Council members by 8, though only 4 were elected at the 1976 election.

1977 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 16 and 20 March 1977 to elect the members of the sixth Lok Sabha. The elections took place during the Emergency period, which expired on 21 March 1977, shortly before the final results were announced. The elections resulted in a heavy defeat for the Indian National Congress (R), with the incumbent Prime Minister and INC(R) party leader Indira Gandhi losing her seat in Rae Bareli, while her son Sanjay lost his seat in Amethi.

India

1977 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu

The 1977 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 39 seats in the state. The result was a big victory for Indian National Congress under Indira Gandhi and its allies All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Communist Party of India winning 34 seats, while Janata Party and its allies Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Indian National Congress (Organisation) won only 5 seats.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

India

1979 Herat uprising

The Herat uprising (Pashto: د هرات پاڅون, Dari: قیام هرات), locally known as the Uprising of 24th Hūt (Pashto: د ۲۴م کب پاڅون, Dari: قیام ۲۴م حوت), was an insurrection that took place in and around the city of Herat in western Afghanistan, across several days in March 1979. It included both a popular uprising and a mutiny of ethnic Tajik Afghan Army troops against the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA).

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1980 Catalan regional election

A regional election was held in Catalonia on 20 March 1980 to elect the 1st Parliament of the autonomous community. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. This was the first regional election to be held in Catalonia since the Spanish transition to democracy and the second democratic regional election in Catalan history after that of 1932.

1982 New Orleans mayoral election

The New Orleans mayoral election of 1982 resulted in the reelection of Ernest Morial to a second term as mayor of New Orleans.

This entry records the runoff, as dated in the source infobox.

Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race

The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, more commonly known as The Iditarod (), is an annual long-distance sled dog race held in Alaska in early March. It travels from Anchorage to Nome. Mushers and a team of between 12 and 16 dogs, of which at least 5 must be on the towline at the finish line, cover the distance in 8–15 days or more.

Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.

Operation Badr (1985)

Operation Badr was an Iranian operation conducted during the Iran–Iraq War against the forces of Ba'athist Iraq. The Iranians launched their offensive on March 10 and succeeded in capturing a part of the Basra-Amarah-Baghdad highway. The following Iraqi counterattack, however, forced the Iranians out in a continual war of endless stalemate.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of B'ir Kora

The Battle of B'ir Kora was a military engagement during the Toyota War. Fought between the Libyan army and the Chadian FANT on the morning of 19 March 1987, the battle saw the Chadians encircle and destroy several Libyan units.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Chad

1988 Baden-Württemberg state election

The 1988 Baden-Württemberg state election was held on 20 March 1988 to elect the members of the 9th Landtag of Baden-Württemberg. The incumbent Christian Democratic Union (CDU) government under Minister-President Lothar Späth was re-elected, retaining its majority. The overall results were not significantly different from the 1984 Baden-Württemberg state election, although all four major parties received a smaller proportion of the vote.

Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Battle of Afabet

The Battle of Afabet was a three-day battle fought from 17 March through 20 March 1988 in and around the town of Afabet, as part of the Eritrean War of Independence. The battle has been described as being the largest battle in Africa since the Second Battle of El Alamein.

1989 Alberta general election

The 1989 Alberta general election was held on March 20, 1989, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Many political observers were surprised by the early election call as less than three years had passed since the previous election. Premier Don Getty, in his second election as Progressive Conservative Party leader, led it to its sixth consecutive term in government, although supported by less than half the votes cast in the election.

Submarine incident off Kola Peninsula (1993)

The 1993 submarine Incident off Kola Peninsula was a collision between the US Navy nuclear attack submarine USS Grayling and the Russian Navy nuclear ballistic missile submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk some 150 km (90 mi) north of the Russian naval base of Severomorsk, on 20 March 1993. The incident took place when the American submarine, who was trailing her Russian counterpart, lost track of Novomoskovsk.

Murmansk, Russia

1993 Invercargill mayoral by-election

The 1993 Invercargill mayoral by-election was held on 20 March 1993 as a result of the death of Mayor Eve Poole on Boxing Day the previous year.

WrestleMania X

WrestleMania X was the tenth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation. It took place at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York on March 20, 1994. The central focus of the pay-per-view was the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, which was defended in two matches. Lex Luger challenged champion Yokozuna first but was disqualified for pushing the referee. Bret Hart faced Yokozuna later in the evening and won the championship by pinning Yokozuna. This led to a lengthy worked feud between Bret and his brother Owen, who had defeated Bret in the opening match of the pay-per-view.

New York City, United States

Micronesian parliamentary election, 1995

Parliamentary elections were held in the Federated States of Micronesia on 20 March 1995. All candidates for seats in Congress ran as independents.

Federated States of Micronesia

Tokyo subway sarin attack

The Tokyo subway sarin attack (Japanese: 地下鉄サリン事件, Hepburn: Chikatetsu sarin jiken; lit. 'subway sarin incident') was a domestic chemical terrorist attack perpetrated on 20 March 1995, in Tokyo, Japan, by members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult. In five coordinated attacks, the perpetrators released sarin, a nerve agent, on three lines of the Tokyo Metro (then Teito Rapid Transit Authority) during rush hour, killing 14 people, severely injuring 50 (some of whom later died), and causing temporary vision problems for nearly 1,000 others.

Japan

Homenaje a Salvador Lutteroth (1998)

Homenaje a Salvador Lutteroth (1998) (Spanish for "Homage to Salvador Lutteroth") was a professional wrestling major show event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), which took place on March 20, 1998 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The event was to honor and remember CMLL founder Salvador Lutteroth who died in March 1987. The annual March event would later be renamed Homenaje a Dos Leyendas ("Homage to two legends") as CMLL honored both Lutteroth and another retired or deceased wrestler. The main event was a singles match between Emilio Charles Jr. defeated El Satánico under Lucha de Apuestas, or "Bet match" rules.

Mexico City, Mexico

1999 Victorian local elections

The 1999 Victorian local elections were held on 20 March 1999 to elect a number of the councils of the 78 local government areas in Victoria, Australia. Until 2008, local elections in Victoria were conducted periodically, meaning a number councils were not up for election in 1999. The Victorian Greens had their first electoral victory, with David Risstrom elected in the City of Melbourne having won 9% of the primary vote in a proportional representation system.

Australia

Legoland California, the first Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California, US

Legoland California Resort is a theme park in Carlsbad, California, United States, about 35 miles (56 km) north of San Diego. Opening on March 20, 1999, it was the first Legoland park to open outside of Europe. It has over 60 rides, shows, and attractions, plus a water park, an aquarium and two hotels. The park is currently owned by Merlin Entertainments, which took a controlling interest in 2005.

2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion began on 20 March 2003 and lasted just over one month, including 26 days of major combat operations. The invasion was conducted by a United States–led coalition of mainly American, British, Australian, and Polish troops. According to US president George W. Bush and UK prime minister Tony Blair, the coalition aimed to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)—nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons—and "free the Iraqi people" by deposing president Saddam Hussein, in turn ending his "support for terrorism".

Kuwait

Iraq War

The Iraq War (Arabic: حرب العراق, romanized: ḥarb al-ʿirāq), also referred to as the Second Gulf War (Gulf War II), was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion by a United States–led coalition, which resulted in the overthrow of the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. During the US occupation of Iraq, the conflict persisted as an insurgency that arose against coalition forces and the newly established Iraqi government.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

Anbar campaign (2003–2011)

The Anbar campaign consisted of fighting between the United States military, together with Iraqi security forces, and Sunni insurgents in the western Iraqi governorate of Al Anbar. The Iraq War lasted from 2003 to 2011, but the majority of the fighting and counterinsurgency campaign in Anbar took place between April 2004 and September 2007. Although the fighting initially featured heavy urban warfare primarily between insurgents and U.S.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, 2004

The 2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election took place on March 20, 2004, in Toronto, Ontario, and resulted in the election of Stephen Harper as the first leader of the new Canadian Conservative Party. The Conservative Party was formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, in December 2003. Stephen Harper, the former leader of the Canadian Alliance, was elected on the first (and only) ballot. Tony Clement, a former Ontario Progressive Conservative health minister, and Belinda Stronach, the former Chief Executive Officer of Magna International, were the other candidates on the ballot.

Toronto, Canada

2004 Taiwanese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Taiwan on 20 March 2004. A consultative referendum took place on the same day regarding relations with the People's Republic of China. President Chen Shui-bian and Vice President Annette Lu of the Democratic Progressive Party were re-elected by a narrow margin of 0.22% over a combined opposition ticket of Kuomintang (KMT) Chairman Lien Chan and People First Party Chairman James Soong.

Taiwan

2005 Scottish League Cup final

The 2005 Scottish League Cup final was played on 20 March 2005 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 58th Scottish League Cup. The final was contested by Rangers and Motherwell. Rangers won the match 5–1, with goals from Maurice Ross, Fernando Ricksen, Nacho Novo and a double from Sotirios Kyrgiakos.

Glasgow, United Kingdom

2005 Fukuoka earthquake

On 20 March 2005, at 10:53:41 JST (01:53:41 UTC), a MJMA 7.0 earthquake struck in the Genkai Sea off the coast of Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. It was the largest earthquake ever recorded in the prefecture. It damaged or destroyed 20,300 houses and many buildings, killed an elderly woman and injured over 1,200 people, with the vast majority of damage and casualties occurring in Fukuoka Prefecture, especially Genkai Island, where nearly 80% of homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, and Fukuoka City.

On 20 March 2005, at 10:53:41 JST (01:53:41 UTC), a MJMA 7.0 earthquake struck in the Genkai Sea off the coast of Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.

2007 Jacksonville mayoral election

The Jacksonville mayoral election of 2007 took place on March 20, 2007. Incumbent Republican John Peyton was re-elected to second 4-year term, defeating the Democratic challenger and long time community activist Jackie Brown.

Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (2009)

Homenaje a Dos Leyendas 2009 (Spanish for "Homage to Two Legends") was a professional wrestling major show event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), which took place on March 20, 2009 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The two legends honored this year was CMLL founder Salvador Lutteroth, who is always honored at Dos Leyendas and Cavernario Galindo. The two feature matches were two singles, two out of three falls, matches. The first feature match saw Negro Casas defeate Místico to win the CMLL World Welterweight Championship two falls to one.

Mexico City, Mexico

World Victory Road Presents: Sengoku 7

World Victory Road Presents: Sengoku 7 was a mixed martial arts-event promoted by World Victory Road. It took place on March 20, 2009.

Tokyo, Japan

2010 A-League Grand Final

The 2010 A-League Grand Final took place at Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 20 March 2010. It was the final match in the A-League 2009–10 season, and was played between premiers Sydney FC and runners-up Melbourne Victory. Sydney FC won the match 4–2 on penalty shootout after drawing the game 1–1 and became the winners of the 2009–10 Championship in addition to their premiership. The A-League National Youth League Grand Final was held at Etihad Stadium prior to the main game. After coming 4th in the 2009–10 season, Gold Coast United won the youth title in their inaugural season, coming from a goal down to defeat Perth Glory, 2–1.

Australia

2010 South Australian state election

The 2010 South Australian state election elected members to the 52nd Parliament of South Australia on 20 March 2010. All seats in the House of Assembly or lower house, whose current members were elected at the 2006 election, and half the seats in the Legislative Council or upper house, last filled at the 2002 election, became vacant.

2010 Tasmanian state election

The 2010 Tasmanian state election was held on 20 March 2010 to elect members to the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The 12-year incumbent Labor government, led by Premier of Tasmania David Bartlett, won a fourth consecutive term against the Liberal opposition, led by Will Hodgman, after Labor formed a minority government with the support of the Greens. The election was conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission, an independent body answerable to Parliament.

Saxony-Anhalt state election, 2011

The Saxony-Anhalt state election was held on March 20, 2011 in Saxony-Anhalt for the 20th legislative period of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt. The Minister-President since 2002 has been Wolfgang Böhmer (CDU), who formed a grand coalition with the SPD after the previous state election in 2006. He did not run for re-election.

Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

2011 Central Tibetan Administration general election

The Central Tibetan Administration’s general elections were held for the second time on March 20, 2011 to elect the Kalon Tripa of the Tibetan government in exile. This was the third time Tibetans in exile were able to choose their Prime Minister as the office was traditionally appointed by the Dalai Lama. Elections for the 43 Chitue (members) of the Tibetan Parliament in Dharamshala were also held.

2011 Scottish League Cup final

The 2011 Scottish League Cup final was the final match of the 2010–11 Scottish League Cup, the 65th season of the Scottish League Cup. It was played by Old Firm rivals Celtic and Rangers. Rangers won the trophy after extra time 2–1.

United Kingdom

Second Battle of Benghazi

The Second Battle of Benghazi was fought between army units and militiamen loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, and anti-Gaddafi forces in Benghazi on 19-20 March 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. The battle marked the start of a United Nations-mandated military intervention in the conflict, with fighter jets from the French Air Force attacking and destroying several pro-Gaddafi units, forcing them to retreat.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Libya

2010–11 Haitian general election

General elections were held in Haiti on 28 November 2010, having originally been scheduled for 28 February. Ten senators and all 99 deputies were to be elected. Presidential elections were also held. A run-off was originally scheduled for 16 January as no candidate received 50% of the votes cast. However, it was postponed until 20 March 2011 as election officials said they could not hold the runoff while awaiting results from re-polling, with results expected on 31 March.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Haiti

20 March 2012 Iraq attacks

The 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks were the sixth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the second such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011. At least 50 people were killed and around 250 wounded in highly coordinated attacks spread out in at least 10 cities. The deadliest attack of the day took place in Karbala where twin bombings left 13 dead and 50 injured. In the northern city of Kirkuk a car parked in the parking lot of a local security office exploded, killing 13 and leaving almost 60 wounded.

Iraq

2014 Kabul Serena Hotel attack

The 2014 Kabul Serena Hotel attack was a mass shooting at the restaurant of the Kabul Serena Hotel, in Kabul, Afghanistan on March 20, 2014 for which the Taliban claimed responsibility. Four teenage gunmen entered the restaurant of the hotel, opening fire with handguns against patrons and sparking a three-hour standoff with Afghan security forces. At least nine people were reported killed in the assault, including five Afghans and four foreigners.

Afghanistan

Battle of Hosn

The Battle of Hosn was a one-day battle during the Syrian Civil War around the village of Hosn and its proper center in the 900-year-old medieval Crusader castle of Krak des Chevaliers, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that had been in the hands of rebel fighters along with Hosn itself since 2012. The Syrian Army's objective during the battle was to sever the rebels' supply routes for recruits and weapons coming in and out of Lebanon.

Syria

Homenaje a Dos Leyendas (2015)

Homenaje a Dos Leyendas 2015 (Spanish for "Homage to Two Legends") was a major professional wrestling event produced by Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as part of their annual Homenaje a Dos Leyendas event series that started in 1996. The 2015 event was the 20th event in the series and took place on March 20, 2015 in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico, making it the first major CMLL event of 2015. The event paid tribute to CMLL founder Salvador Lutteroth, who is always honored at Dos Leyendas, and will also pay tribute to luchador El Faraón.

Mexico City, Mexico

Solar eclipse of March 20, 2015

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Friday, March 20, 2015, with a magnitude of 1.0445. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness.

Operation Rainbow (Syrian civil war)

Operation Rainbow was an operation launched by the Syrian Army, supported by Hezbollah and other allied militias, during the Syrian Civil War, following a successful operation which led to the military encircling Aleppo from the east side and reaching the city's northern approach. The aim of the operation, as the previous one, was to encircle Aleppo and cut rebel supply lines into the city, thus besieging rebel-held areas.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Syrian civil war: The Siege of Kobanî is broken by the People's Protection Units (YPG) and Free Syrian Army (FSA), marking a turning point in the Rojava–Islamist conflict

The siege of Kobanî was launched by the Islamic State (IS) on 13 September 2014, in order to capture the Kobanî Canton and its main city of Kobanî (also known as Kobanê or Ayn al-Arab) in northern Syria, in the de facto autonomous region of Rojava. By 2 October 2014, IS succeeded in capturing 350 Kurdish villages and towns in the vicinity of Kobanê, generating a wave of some 300,000 Kurdish refugees, who fled across the border into Turkey's Şanlıurfa Province.

Cape Verdean parliamentary election, 2016

Parliamentary elections were held in Cape Verde on 20 March 2016. The ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), led by Janira Hopffer Almada, was defeated by the Movement for Democracy (MpD), led by Ulisses Correia e Silva.

Cape Verde

UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Mir

UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Mir (also known as UFC Fight Night 85) was a mixed martial arts event held on March 20, 2016 at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre in Brisbane, Australia.

Brisbane, Australia

Republic of the Congo presidential election, 2016

Presidential elections were held in the Republic of the Congo on 20 March 2016. It was the first election to be held under the constitution passed by referendum in 2015. President Denis Sassou Nguesso, who had exhausted the two-term limit imposed by the previous constitution, was allowed to run again due to the adoption of the new constitution.

Republic of the Congo

2016 Zanzibari general election

General elections were held in Zanzibar on 20 March 2016. The 2016 election was conducted as a re-run of the annulled 2015 Zanzibari general election. Only the Zanzibari President, Zanzibar House of Representatives and local legislative elections were part of the re-run. The election had a seemingly low turnover compared to previous elections as the opposition had boycotted the re-run.

Tanzania

2016 Kazakh legislative election

Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 20 March 2016. The date was set by president Nursultan Nazarbayev on 20 January 2016, when he dissolved the Mäjilis after it had requested dissolution on 13 January, with the reason cited being the economic crisis caused by low oil prices. The term of the Mäjilis would have expired in the fall of 2016.

Kazakhstan

2016 Belgian Cup final

The 2016 Belgian Cup final, named Croky Cup after the sponsor, was the 61st Belgian Cup final and took place on 20 March 2016 between Club Brugge and Standard Liège. It was the first time the two teams met in the final since the 2006–07 Belgian Cup Final. Standard Liège won the match by 2 goals to 1, with the final goal coming two minutes from time.

2016 Central Tibetan Administration general election

Elections for the office of Sikyong and the Chitue (Members) of the Tibetan Parliament in Exile were held between October 18, 2015 and March 20, 2016. Tibetans in exile voted for the fourth time their political representative and executive of the Central Tibetan Administration, the self-proclaimed Tibetan government in exile. The election was overseen and organized by the independent CTA agency, Tibetan Election Commission.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

2016 Beninese presidential election, second round

On March 20, 2016, Benin held the second round of its presidential election, contested by Patrice Talon and Lionel Zinsou.

This entry records the second-round vote on March 20; the first round had been postponed to March 6.

Benin

2017 East Timorese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in East Timor on 20 March 2017. Incumbent President Taur Matan Ruak, who was eligible for a second term, chose not to run for re-election. The result was a victory for Francisco Guterres of FRETILIN.

Timor-Leste

Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)

The Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018) started on 12 March 2018, when ISIL began attacking rebel positions in the al-Qadam neighborhood of southern Damascus as they were evacuating. The rebel pocket in al-Qadam had been surrounded on one side by government forces and on the other by ISIL. On 10 March, ISIL threatened to kill any rebels that evacuate from the area after the Syrian government gave the rebels 48 hours to surrender the district and evacuate.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

2019 Dutch water board elections

Water board elections were held in the European Netherlands on 20 March 2019 to elect the resident members of the country's twenty-one water boards (442 seats in total). The elections were held on the same day as the 2019 Dutch provincial elections and island council elections. Water Natuurlijk remained the largest party, winning 85 seats in 20 water boards.

Netherlands

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev is sworn in as acting president of Kazakhstan, following the resignation of long-time president Nursultan Nazarbayev

Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly Tokayev (born 17 May 1953) is a Kazakh politician and diplomat who has served as the second president of Kazakhstan since 2019. He previously served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and as Chairman of the Senate from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2013 to 2019. Tokayev also held the position of Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva from 2011 to 2013.

Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)

After the defeat of the Islamic State in Iraq in 2017, Iraq and the United States began discussing the partial withdrawal of American combat troops from Iraq in December 2019. In January 2020, during massive protests in Iraq, and following the assassination of Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani with a U.S. reaper drone ordered by President Trump, the Iraqi Council of Representatives passed a non-binding measure to "expel all foreign troops from their country," including American and Iranian troops.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

2021 Louisiana's 2nd congressional district special election

The 2021 Louisiana's 2nd congressional district special election was held on March 20, 2021, with a runoff being held on April 24, 2021. On November 17, 2020, incumbent Democratic representative Cedric Richmond announced that he would resign from the United States House of Representatives to serve as the director of the Office of Public Liaison and as a Senior Advisor to Joe Biden.

Louisiana, United States

2021 Louisiana's 5th congressional district special election

The 2021 Louisiana's 5th congressional district special election was held on March 20, 2021. It was triggered by the death of Republican congressman-elect Luke Letlow on December 29, 2020, who died from a heart attack while being treated for COVID-19. When congressional seats in Louisiana become vacant, the Governor may call a special election at any time.

Louisiana, United States

UFC on ESPN: Brunson vs. Holland

UFC on ESPN: Brunson vs. Holland (also known as UFC on ESPN 21 and UFC Vegas 22) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on March 20, 2021 at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Nevada, United States

La Plume noire, an anarchist bookstore in Lyon, is targeted by an attack of the far-right, provoking a shock in Lyon's far-left circles

La Plume noire (English: The Black Feather) is an anarchist bookstore and publishing house located at 8 Rue Diderot in Lyon, France. Frequently targeted by Lyon's far-right movement, it serves as a gathering point for the city's anarchists and anti-fascists. Founded in 1989 by the Francophone Fédération Anarchiste (FA) in the Croix-Rousse district, the bookstore moved several times during its early years before settling in 1993 into a space it occupied until 2010.

2022 Natiaboani ambush

On March 20, 2022, unknown jihadists ambushed Burkinabe soldiers in Natiaboani, Gourma Province, Burkina Faso, killing thirteen soldiers and an unknown number of jihadists.

Burkina Faso

2022 Indian Super League final

The 2022 Indian Super League final was the eighth Indian Super League final match, played to determine the champions of the 2021–22 Indian Super League season. It was played on 20 March 2022 between Hyderabad and Kerala Blasters at the Fatorda Stadium in Margao, Goa. The match had spectators attending for the first time after two years.

2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election

The 2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election elected its next leader, the Sikyong, for the Central Tibetan Administration, a government-in-exile of Tibet based in India. Candidate Penpa Tsering won the election and succeeded Dr. Lobsang Sangay, who had served two consecutive terms as Sikyong.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

K-1 World MAX 2024: World Championship First Round

The first round of the 70 kg World Championship at K-1 World MAX 2024 was held on March 20, 2024, at Yoyogi National Gymnasium No. 1 in Tokyo.

Japan

2025 City of London Corporation election

The 2025 City of London Corporation election was held on 20 March 2025, prior to most other 2025 United Kingdom local elections, to elect Commoners to the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation. The City of London is the oldest continuously-running municipal democracy in the world.