3月31日发生过什么？

French abbot Bernard of Clairvaux preached a sermon to a crowd at a council in Vézelay, with King Louis VII in attendance, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade

The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the Seljuk forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by Baldwin in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.

A conspiracy against Saladin, aiming to restore the Fatimid Caliphate, is revealed in Cairo, involving senior figures of the former Fatimid regime and the poet Umara al-Yamani. Modern historians doubt the extent and danger of the conspiracy reported in official sources, but its ringleaders will be publicly executed over the following weeks

The Fatimid Caliphate (; Arabic: الخلافة الفاطمیّة, romanised: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate that existed from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty. Spanning a large area of North Africa and West Asia, it ranged from the western Mediterranean in the west to the Red Sea in the east.

Pope Gregory X convokes a general church council

On March 31, 1272, Pope Gregory X convoked a general council to consider union with the Greek Church, a crusade, and church reform. The council met in Lyon in 1274.

This records the convocation in 1272; the council itself opened in Lyon in 1274.

Long Parliament

The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which nominally lasted from 1640 until 1660, making it the longest-lasting Parliament in English and British history. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640 after an 11-year parliamentary absence. In September 1640, King Charles I issued writs summoning a parliament to convene on 3 November 1640.

The Long Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice offering Oliver Cromwell the British throne, which he eventually declines.

Attack on Nyen (1658)

The attack on Nyen (Swedish: Anfallet på Nyen; Russian: Нападение на Ниен) occurred from 30 to 31 March 1658, and it was the final action between Swedish and Russian forces during the Russo-Swedish War (1656–58).

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1761 Lisbon earthquake

The 1761 Lisbon earthquake struck off the coast of the Portugal on 31 March 1761 at 12:05 local time. Estimated to be around 8.5 on the tsunami magnitude scale, the earthquake was the strongest in the region since 1755, and it was felt across many parts of western Europe. Twenty-five people were killed including several people who died from rockfalls in Madeira and collapsed homes at a village near Porto.

The 1761 Lisbon earthquake strikes off the Iberian Peninsula with an estimated magnitude of 8.5, six years after another quake destroyed the city.

1778 Delaware gubernatorial election

The 1778 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on March 31, 1778. The delegate to the Continental Congress from Delaware Caesar Rodney was elected president of Delaware for a term of three years. The previous president John McKinly was captured by the British Army in September 1777, less than a year into his three-year term.

Delaware, United States

Action of 31 March 1800

The Action of 31 March 1800 was a naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars fought between a Royal Navy squadron and a French Navy ship of the line off Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. By March 1800 Valletta, the Maltese capital, had been under siege for eighteen months and food supplies were severely depleted, a problem exacerbated by the interception and defeat of a French replenishment convoy in mid-February.

Malta

Battle of Courtrai (1814)

The Battle of Courtrai (31 March 1814) saw Johann von Thielmann's Kingdom of Saxony troops and a few Prussians encounter an Imperial French force under Nicolas Joseph Maison near Kortrijk (Courtrai), a city south-west of Ghent in what is now Belguim. Thielmann attacked only to find himself facing the bulk of Maison's I Corps. The action ended in a rout of the Saxons, most of whom were under fire for the first time.

Belgium

Battle of Paris (1814)

The Battle of Paris or the Storming of Paris (30–31 March 1814) saw the Allied forces of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Württemberg attack Paris defended by troops of the First French Empire under Joseph Bonaparte. The French soldiers put up a stout resistance at the capital's eastern suburbs on 30 March but were steadily driven back by the overwhelmingly superior Allied forces.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Battle of Dębe Wielkie

The Battle of Dębe Wielkie was fought on 31 March 1831. The Polish army, led by Jan Skrzynecki, won over Russian curtain forces commanded by General Geismar.

Poland

Second battle of Wawer

The second battle of Wawer (Polish: druga bitwa pod Wawrem) was an armed engagement between Polish and Imperial Russian troops. It happened on 31 March 1831 during the November Uprising and was one of the first battles of a successful Polish offensive planned by General Ignacy Prądzyński.

1836 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile in 1836. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the re-election of incumbent president Joaquín Prieto. Prieto faced little opposition in this election and was easily re-elected. Manuel Rengifo considered running in the election as a candidate for moderates.

Chile

Convention of Kanagawa

The Convention of Kanagawa, also known as the Kanagawa Treaty (神奈川条約, Kanagawa Jōyaku) or the Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (日米和親条約, Nichibei Washin Jōyaku), was a treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa Shogunate on March 31, 1854. Signed under threat of force, it effectively meant the end of Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (sakoku) by opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American vessels.

First siege of Veracruz

The first siege of Veracruz was a military encounter of the Reform War which took place around Veracruz, Mexico, in 1859. Conservative President Miguel Miramón attempted to besiege the Liberal capital, Veracruz, but was slowed by guerrilla attacks and forced to withdraw when he received news that a Liberal army was marching on Mexico City. Miramon would try again one year later with similar results in the second siege of Veracruz.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

Capture of Mazatlán

The Capture of Mazatlán was a Mexican victory during the Second French intervention in Mexico. Mazatlán was a key port of the Pacific trade routes yielding between $4 and $5 million a year.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

Battle of White Oak Road

The Battle of White Oak Road, also known as The Battle of Hatcher’s Run, Gravelly Run, Boydton Plank Road, White Oak Ridge was fought on March 31, 1865, during the American Civil War at the end of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign. Along with the Battle of Dinwiddie Court House which was fought simultaneously on March 31, the battle involved the last offensive action by General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to stop the progress of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James).

Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States

Battle of Dinwiddie Court House

The Battle of Dinwiddie Court House was fought on March 31, 1865, during the American Civil War at the end of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign. Along with the Battle of White Oak Road which was fought simultaneously on March 31, the battle involved the last offensive action by General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia attempting to stop the progress of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the Shenandoah and Army of the James).

Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States

Bombardment of Valparaíso

The bombardment of Valparaíso on 31 March 1866 took place during the Chincha Islands War, when a Spanish fleet shelled, burned and destroyed the undefended port of Valparaíso.

London v Sheffield (1866)

London v. Sheffield was an association football game played on 31 March 1866. According to Charles Alcock, it was the "first match of any importance under the auspices of the Football Association".

1883 Scottish Cup final

The 1883 Scottish Cup final was the 10th final of the Scottish Cup and the final of the 1882–83 Scottish Cup, the most prestigious knockout football competition in Scotland. The original match - which ended in a 2–2 draw - was played at Hampden Park in Crosshill (today part of Glasgow) on 31 March 1883 and was watched by a crowd of 15,000 spectators.

Scotland, United Kingdom

1883 FA Cup final

The 1883 FA Cup final was an association football match between Blackburn Olympic and Old Etonians on 31 March 1883 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the 12th final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (commonly known as the FA Cup). Old Etonians were the holders of the Cup, having defeated Olympic's local rivals, Blackburn Rovers, in the 1882 final.

London, United Kingdom

Pescadores campaign (1885)

The Pescadores campaign which took place in late March, 1885, was one of the last campaigns of the Sino-French War (August 1884–April 1885). It was fought to capture the Pescadores, a strategically important archipelago off the western coast of Formosa (Taiwan). Admiral Amédée Courbet, with part of the French Far East Squadron, bombarded the Chinese coastal defences around the principal town of Makung on Penghu Island and landed a battalion of marine infantry which routed the Chinese defenders and occupied Makung.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate

The Bechuanaland Protectorate () was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885 in Southern Africa by the United Kingdom. It became independent as the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966, six years after the Bechuanaland Democratic Party was established, under the leadership of Seretse Khama.

1891 Newton by-election

The 1891 Newton by-election was a by-election held on 31 March 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland city electorate of Newton.

New Zealand

1894 FA Cup final

The 1894 FA Cup final was an association football match between Notts County and Bolton Wanderers at Goodison Park, Liverpool, on 31 March 1894. It was the final match of the 1893–94 edition of the FA Cup, English football's primary cup competition. Bolton Wanderers were appearing in their first final, whereas Notts County were playing in their second, having lost on their previous appearance in 1891.

Liverpool, United Kingdom

Capture of Malolos

The Capture of Malolos, alternately known as the Battle of Malolos, occurred on March 31, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, during the Philippine-American War. General Arthur MacArthur, Jr.'s division advanced to Malolos along the Manila–Dagupan Railway. By March 30, American forces were advancing on Malolos. Meanwhile, the Aguinaldo government had moved its seat from Malolos to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.

Philippines

Sanna's Post

The Battle of Sanna's Post (a.k.a. Kroon Spruit) was an engagement fought during the Second Boer War (1899–1902) between the British Empire and the Boers of the two independent republics of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic.

South Africa

Battle of Hart's River

The Battle of Hart's River, also known as the Battle of Boschbult, was fought near the end of the Second Boer War on March 31, 1902.

South Africa

First Moroccan Crisis

The First Moroccan Crisis or the Tangier Crisis was an international crisis between March 31, 1905, and April 7, 1906, over the status of Morocco. Germany wanted to challenge France's growing control over Morocco, aggravating France and Great Britain. The crisis was resolved by the Algeciras Conference of 1906, a conference of mostly European countries that affirmed French control; this worsened German relations with both France and Britain and helped enhance the new Anglo-French Entente.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Morocco

IAAUS is officially constituted

On March 31, 1906, the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS) was officially constituted. It had been formed at a meeting in December 1905 and took the name National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1910.

The association was formed at a December 1905 meeting and officially constituted on March 31, 1906; it took its present name in 1910.

United States

1911 United States Senate election in New York

The 1911 United States Senate election in New York was held from January 17 to March 31, 1911, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. The initial Democratic choice for Senator, former Lieutenant Governor William F. Sheehan, was defeated.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Third Battle of Topolobampo

The Third Battle of Topolobampo was a single ship action during the Mexican Revolution. At the end of March 1914, a Constitutionalist gunboat attempted to break the blockade of Topolobampo, Sinaloa after failing in the First and Second Battles of Topolobampo. The Constitutionalist warship, Tampico, was sunk in a battle lasting a few hours by a Huertista gunboat.

Mexico

Treaty of the Danish West Indies

The Treaty of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($740 million in 2025), and agreement to cede US interest in Greenland.

According to the terms of the Treaty of the Danish West Indies, the islands become American possessions.

First Battle of Amman

The First Battle of Amman was fought from 27 to 31 March 1918 during the First Transjordan attack on Amman of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. The 60th (London) Division and the Anzac Mounted Division attacked the Ottoman garrison at Amman deep in enemy occupied territory, 48 kilometres (30 mi) from their front line, after capturing Es Salt and Shunet Nimrin.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Jordan

Basingstoke by-election, 1920

The Basingstoke by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Basingstoke on 31 March 1920.

United Kingdom

Camberwell North West by-election, 1920

The Camberwell North West by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Camberwell North West in the South London district of Camberwell on 31 March 1920.

United Kingdom

The Australian Air Force is formed

On March 31, 1921, the Australian Air Force was formed. It began using the Royal Australian Air Force name on August 13 that year.

Australia

Wembley Wizards

The Wembley Wizards is the nickname for the Scotland national football team that defeated England 5–1 at Wembley in the 1928 British Home Championship.

United Kingdom

Battle of Sabilla

The Battle of Sabilla (29–31 March 1929) was the main battle of the Ikhwan revolt in northern Arabia between the rebellious Ikhwan forces and the army of Abdulaziz al-Saud. It was the last tribal uprising in Arabia. It was also the last major battle in which one side rode camels, as the Ikhwan emphasized radical conservatism and shunned technological modernization.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Anchem

The Battle of Anchem (also Battle of Anchiem or Battle of Anchim) was fought between two factions of the Royal family in the Ethiopian Empire (Mangista Iteeyop'p'ya). The battle was fought to determine who would rule the empire, Empress (Nigiste Negest) Zewditu or King (Negus) Tafari Makonnen. The Battle of Anchem is memorable because the pro-Zewditu forces were not openly supported by Empress Zewditu.

Ethiopia

1931 Transcontinental & Western Air Fokker F-10 crash

On March 31, 1931, a Fokker F-10 belonging to Transcontinental and Western Air crashed near Bazaar, Kansas, after taking off from Kansas City Municipal Airport in Kansas City, Missouri. The scheduled flight was from Kansas City to Los Angeles, with a stopover in Wichita. On this first leg, the wooden structure of one wing failed, causing the aircraft to crash, killing all eight people on board, including Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne. The investigation found that the wooden wing became moist over time, causing the glue connecting the wing to the fuselage to weaken, allowing the wing to separate.

Kansas, United States

United States Senate special election in Vermont, 1931

The 1931 United States Senate special election in Vermont took place on March 31, 1931. Republican Warren Austin was elected to the United States Senate to serve the remainder of the deceased Frank L. Greene's term, defeating Democratic candidate Stephen M. Driscoll. Austin replaced Frank C. Partridge, who was appointed to fill the seat until a special election could be held and was defeated in the special primary.

Vermont, United States

1931 Nicaragua earthquake

The 1931 Nicaragua earthquake devastated Nicaragua's capital city of Managua on 31 March 1931. It had a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum MSK intensity of VI (Strong). Between 1,000 and 2,450 people were killed. A major fire started and destroyed thousands of structures, burning into the next day. At least 45,000 were left homeless and losses of $35 million were recorded.

Nicaragua

Battle of Maychew

The Battle of Maychew (Italian: Mai Ceu) was the last major battle fought on the northern front during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The battle consisted of a failed counterattack by the Ethiopian forces under Emperor Haile Selassie making frontal assaults against prepared Italian defensive positions under the command of Marshal Pietro Badoglio. The battle was fought near Maychew (Mai Ceu), Ethiopia, in the modern region of Tigray.

Ethiopia

Bombing of Durango

The Bombing of Durango took place on 31 March 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. On 31 March 1937 the Nationalists started their offensive against the Republican held province of Biscay. The same day the Legion Condor and the Aviazione Legionaria bombed the town of Durango. Around 250 civilians died, among them one priest and fourteen nuns. Durango was the first defenseless European city bombed.

Spain

Slovak–Hungarian War

The Slovak–Hungarian War, or Little War (Hungarian: Kis háború, Slovak: Malá vojna), was a war fought from 23 March to 31 March 1939 between the First Slovak Republic and Hungary in eastern Slovakia.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1939 Copa Ibarguren

The 1939 Copa Ibarguren was the 16th edition of the national cup of Argentina. The cup was contested by the champions of both competitions, the Primera División and the Torneo del Litoral. Independiente (Primera División champion) faced Central Córdoba de Rosario (champion of "Torneo del Litoral") at San Lorenzo de Almagro's venue, Estadio Gasómetro, in the Boedo neighborhood of Buenos Aires, on March 31, 1940.

Argentina

Battle of Christmas Island

The Battle of Christmas Island was a small engagement which began on 31 March 1942, during World War II. Assisted by a mutiny of soldiers of the British Indian Army against their British officers, Imperial Japanese Army troops were able to occupy Christmas Island unopposed. The United States Navy submarine Seawolf severely damaged the Imperial Japanese Navy cruiser Naka during the landings.

Battle of the Mareth Line

The Battle of the Mareth Line or the Battle of Mareth was an attack in the Second World War by the British Eighth Army (General Bernard Montgomery) in Tunisia, against the Mareth Line held by the Italo–German 1st Army (General Giovanni Messe). It was the first big operation by the Eighth Army since the Second Battle of El Alamein 4+1⁄2 months earlier.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Tunisia

Convoy RS 3

Convoy RS 3 was a South Atlantic convoy from 22 to 31 March 1943 between Gibraltar and Freetown in Sierra Leone. A convoy series that ran from 1943 to 1945. The convoy was part of the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. The convoy lost its three biggest ships to U-boat attacks.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Camberwell North by-election, 1944

The Camberwell North by-election, 1944 was a by-election held on 31 March 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Camberwell North. The by-election was triggered by the elevation to the peerage of the town's Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Charles Ammon, who was ennobled as Baron Ammon. The Labour candidate was Cecil Manning, who was unopposed by the other parties in the wartime coalition. The only other candidate was an independent, T. F. Disher, who had also contested the previous general election in 1935.

United Kingdom

Operation "Ukrainian Committee"

Operation "Ukrainian Committee" was a codename for an operation carried out by the Home Army on 31 March 1944. It targeted members of the so-called "Ukrainian Committee" who were collaborating with the Germans.

Warsaw, Poland

Upper Silesian offensive

The Upper Silesian offensive (Russian: Верхне-Силезская наступательная операция) was a strategically significant Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II in 1945. It was aimed at capturing the considerable industrial and natural resources located in Upper Silesia and involved forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front under Marshal Ivan Konev.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Battle of Paderborn

The Battle of Paderborn occurred during the Western Allied invasion of Germany. Most notably the commander of the 3rd Armored Division Major General Maurice Rose was killed in an ambush outside of Paderborn on March 30. He was the highest ranking US General to be killed in action on the Western Front of World War II.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany

Defense of the Redoute Ruinée (1945)

The defense of the Redoute Ruinée in 1945 was an episode of the Second Battle of the Alps. The Fort de la Redoute Ruinée (Ruined Redoubt) was an old Piedmontese fort on the Col de la Traversette that had been re-built in the 19th century by France as a part of the Ligne Alpine. It defended the Little Saint Bernard Pass.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Greek legislative election, 1946

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 31 March 1946. The result was a victory for the United Alignment of Nationalists, an alliance that included the People's Party, the National Liberal Party, the Reform Party, which won 206 of the 354 seats in Parliament. As a result Konstantinos Tsaldaris became Prime Minister leading a right-wing coalition. Nonetheless, he soon decided to resign in favor of Themistoklis Sophoulis, who led a government of national unity (conservative and centre-liberal forces) during the entire second phase of the civil war (1946–1949). One of the priorities of the new government was the proclamation of a plebiscite for the restoration of the Greek monarchy.

Greece

Greek Civil War

The Greek Civil War (Greek: Εμφύλιος Πόλεμος, romanized: Emfýlios Pólemos, lit. 'Civil War') took place from 1946 to 1949. The conflict, which erupted shortly after the end of World War II, consisted of a Communist-led uprising against the established government of the Kingdom of Greece. The rebels declared a people's republic, the Provisional Democratic Government of Greece, which was governed by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and its military branch, the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE).

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Greece · Albania

1951 Punjab provincial election

Provincial Assembly elections were held in the Dominion of Pakistan in 1951 to elect all 192 members of the Provincial Assembly of West Punjab along with other provincial election in North-West Frontier Province. It was Pakistan's first provincial assembly election. Pakistan Muslim League won the election, and defeated the JAML coalition of the Jinnah Muslim League and All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League .

1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

The West Bengal State Assembly Election of 1952 was a part of the series of Legislative Assembly elections in 1952. It was the first ever assembly election held in West Bengal.

India

1955 London County Council election

An election to the County Council of London took place on 31 March 1955. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Conservative Party made significant gains, but the Labour Party retained a substantial majority. The size of the council was cut by three members, with Fulham East, Fulham West and Hammersmith South abolished, and replaced in part by the new constituencies of Barons Court and Fulham.

United Kingdom

Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, 1957

Territorial Assembly elections were held in Senegal on 31 March 1957. The result was a landslide victory for the Senegalese Popular Bloc (BPS), which won 47 of the 60 seats. Its main competitor, the MSA-affiliated Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS) had aliented the marabouts and enabled the BPS to win the rural vote (over which the marabouts held an important sway) by far.

Senegal

Guinean Territorial Assembly election, 1957

Territorial Assembly elections were held in Guinea on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally, which won 56 of the 60 seats in the Assembly. Voter turnout was 60.3%.

Guinea

1957 Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election

Territorial Assembly elections were held in French Upper Volta on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Unified Democratic Party (an alliance of the Voltaic Democratic Union–African Democratic Rally and the Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses), which won 33 of the 68 seats in the Assembly.

1958 Canadian federal election

The 1958 Canadian federal election was held to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second-largest percentage of the popular vote; only Unionist Prime Minister Robert Borden’s triumph in the 1917 federal election, at 56.93 per cent, was higher. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958-seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority).

Canada

1962 Western Australian state election

Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 31 March 1962 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The Liberal-Country coalition government, led by Premier Sir David Brand, won a second term in office against the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Albert Hawke. The election resulted in a confirmation of the status quo, with the only apparent seat changes since the 1959 election being due to the changes of affiliation of the two Independent Liberal members.

1963 Pahang Tua by-election

The Pahang Tua by-election was a state assembly by-election that was held on 31 March 1963 in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. The Pahang Tua seat fell vacant following the death of its UMNO MLA Ahmad Othman on 2nd February 1963. He won the seat in 1959 Malayan general election. Mohammed Mokhtar of Alliance, retained the seat, defeating Abdul Hamid of PMIP and Tengku Jaafar of Socialist Front with an increased majority of 3,291 votes.

Malaysia

Operation Popeye (Brazil)

Operation Popeye was the advance of the Tiradentes and Caicó detachments of the Brazilian Army and the Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG), from Minas Gerais, to Rio de Janeiro and Brasília during the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état. Their rearguard was protected within Minas Gerais by operations Cage and Silence. Ordered by general Olímpio Mourão Filho, from the 4th Military Region/Infantry Division, it was the coup's first military offensive. The Tiradentes Detachment, whose command was given to general Antônio Carlos Muricy, faced loyalist forces from the 1st Army in Rio de Janeiro's territory, under the command of general Luís Tavares da Cunha Melo, from 31 March 1964.

Brazil

United Kingdom general election, 1966

The 1966 United Kingdom general election on 31 March 1966 was easily won by sitting Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Wilson's decision to call an election turned on the fact that his government, elected a mere 17 months previously in 1964, had an unworkably small majority of only 4 MPs. The Labour government was returned with a much larger majority of 96.

United Kingdom

1966 United Kingdom general election in Scotland

A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday, 31 March 1966, and all 71 seats in Scotland were contested. The election took place only 17 months after the 1964 United Kingdom general election, with incumbent Prime Minister Harold Wilson deciding to call a snap election since his government had an unworkably small majority of only four MPs.

Scotland, United Kingdom

1966 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland

On 31 March 1966, the 1966 United Kingdom general election was held in Northern Ireland, to elect all 630 members of the House of Commons, including the 12 Northern Ireland seats. The Ulster Unionists lost one seat to Gerry Fitt, leader of the new Republican Labour Party. In the election as a whole, the Labour Party increased their majority and Harold Wilson continued as Prime Minister.

Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

1966 United Kingdom general election in England

On Thursday 31 March 1966, the 1966 United Kingdom general election was held in England, to elect all 630 members of the House of Commons, with 511 constituencies being in England. The incumbent Labour Party led by Prime Minister Harold Wilson won 285 seats in England, its second-highest tally of seats at the time.

United Kingdom

Luna 10 launched toward the Moon

The Soviet Union launched Luna 10 from Baikonur, in present-day Kazakhstan, on March 31, 1966. It entered lunar orbit on April 3, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon.

This entry records the launch on March 31; Luna 10 entered lunar orbit on April 3.

Kazakhstan

Belgian general election, 1968

General elections were held in Belgium on 31 March 1968. The Christian Social Party remained the largest party. Voter turnout was 90.0%. Elections for the nine provincial councils were also held. The snap elections were called after the government, a coalition of the Cristian Social Party and the liberal Party for Freedom and Progress led by Christian democrat Paul Vanden Boeynants, fell due to the Leuven Crisis. The linguistic crisis would trigger the split of the dominant Christian Social Party into a Flemish and French-speaking party. The two other main parties would follow suit.

Belgium

Abagana ambush

The Abagana Ambush (31 March 1968) was an ambush during the Nigerian Civil War by Biafran troops led by Major Jonathan Uchendu that wiped out the Nigerian 2nd Division. Of the 6,000 Nigerian troops ambushed, only a very small number survived, including the 2nd Division's commander, General Murtala Muhammed.

Nigeria

Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election

On March 31, 1968, incumbent U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson made a surprise announcement during a televised address to the nation that began around 9 p.m., declaring that he would not seek re-election for another term and was withdrawing from the 1968 United States presidential election. Johnson stated: "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president."

Operation Jeb Stuart

Operation Jeb Stuart was a U.S. Army operation during the Vietnam War that took place in Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên Provinces from 21 January to 31 March 1968. The original operation plan to attack People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) base areas was disrupted by the Tet Offensive and instead it saw the U.S. Army units fighting in the Battle of Quang Tri and the Battle of Huế.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Strength II

Operation Strength II (6–31 March 1972) was a Royalist military offensive of the Laotian Civil War. It was devised as another diversion in the mode of the original Operation Strength. Planned as a pincer movement on the Plain of Jars, Operation Strength II's beginning was grossly hampered by combat refusals and desertions from one of its two task forces.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Laos

Operation Sinsay

Operation Sinsay (11 February – c. 31 March 1972) was a Royal Lao Government offensive of the Laotian Civil War. The planned offensive was pre-empted by prior moves by the opposing People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN); they struck on 6 March 1972.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1973 Brisbane City Council election

The 1973 Brisbane City Council election was held on 31 March 1973 to elect 21 aldermen to the City of Brisbane. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in Queensland, Australia. The Labor Party defeated the Brisbane Civic Party (BCP) in a landslide victory, winning 20 out of 21 wards.

Brisbane, Australia

Birmingham Stechford by-election, 1977

The Birmingham Stechford by-election, in Birmingham, on 31 March 1977 was held after Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Roy Jenkins resigned his seat following his appointment as President of the European Commission. A seat that had been solidly Labour since its formation in 1950, it was won by Andrew MacKay of the Conservative Party, before being regained by Labour in 1979. The by-election was noted for the strong performance of the National Front candidate and the presence of two far left candidates.

United Kingdom

Operation Seiljag

Operation Seiljag was a South African 32 Battalion search and destroy campaign conducted against the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) from November 1976 to March 1977, during the South African Border War. It was carried out from November 1976 to March 1977 largely on the Yati Strip, a region patrolled by South African security forces parallel to the Angolan border.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Angola · Namibia

1979 Scottish League Cup final (March)

The 1978–79 Scottish League Cup final was played on 31 March 1979 and was the final of the 33rd Scottish League Cup competition. It was contested by Rangers and Aberdeen. Rangers won the match 2–1 thanks to goals by Colin Jackson and Alex MacDonald.

1984 Empress's Cup final

1984 Empress's Cup Final was the 6th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on March 31, 1985. Shimizudaihachi SC won the championship.

Tokyo, Japan

Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940

Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940 was a scheduled international flight from Mexico City to Los Angeles with stopovers in Puerto Vallarta and Mazatlán. On March 31, 1986, the Boeing 727 Veracruz, registered as XA-MEM, crashed into El Carbón, a mountain in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range northwest of Mexico City. All 159 passengers and 8 crew members on board died in the crash.

Mexico

1988 Copa del Rey final

The 1988 Copa del Rey final was the 86th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 31 March 1988, being won by Barcelona, who beat Real Sociedad 1–0.

Madrid, Spain

Plitvice Lakes incident

The Plitvice Lakes incident (Croatian: Krvavi Uskrs na Plitvicama or Plitvički krvavi Uskrs, both translating as "Plitvice Bloody Easter") was an armed clash at the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence. It was fought between Croatian police and armed forces from the Croatian Serb-established SAO Krajina at the Plitvice Lakes in Croatia, on 31 March 1991.

Croatia

1990 Empress's Cup final

1990 Empress's Cup Final was the 12th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at Nishigaoka Soccer Stadium in Tokyo on March 31, 1991. Nikko Securities Dream Ladies won the championship.

Tokyo, Japan

1991 Georgian independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in the Republic of Georgia on 31 March 1991. It was approved by 99.5% of voters.

Siege of Khost

The eleven year siege of Khost took place throughout the nine-year Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s and the subsequent Afghan civil war in the 1990s. Its airstrip's 3 km runway served as a base for helicopter operations by Soviet forces. It began soon after the invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet troops, when Afghan guerillas took control of the only land route between Khost and Gardez, effectively putting a stop to the Soviet advance.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Afghanistan

Treaty of Federation

The Treaty of Federation (Russian: Федеративный договор, romanized: Federativnyy dogovor) was a treaty signed on 31 March 1992 in Moscow between the Russian government and 86 of 89 federal subjects of Russia. The Treaty of Federation refers to three documents of the same content, signed by representatives of the republics (mentioned as "sovereign republics"), krais, oblasts, cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, autonomous oblasts and autonomous okrugs, and the Russian Federation.

Qiandao Lake boat attack

A tourist boat on Qiandao Lake, China, was robbed and set on fire. The attack killed 32 people, including 24 visitors from Taiwan.

China

TAROM Flight 371

TAROM Flight 371 was an Airbus A310 that crashed near Baloteşti in Romania on 31 March 1995. It was a flight from Bucharest's main Otopeni airport to Brussels. The flight crashed shortly after it took off. Two main reasons are indicated: first the throttle of the starboard engine jammed, remaining in takeoff thrust, while the other engine reduced slowly to idle, creating an asymmetrical thrust condition that ultimately caused the aircraft to roll over and crash.

Romania

Battle of Ain Defla

The Battle of Ain Defla (Arabic: معركة عين الدفلى) was a major five-day-long battle from 26 to 31 March 1995 during the Algerian Civil War. It took place in the Ain Defla region when government forces ambushed 1,000 to 1,300 Islamist rebels. The Islamist rebels had a death toll of 600 to over 800, with as many as a thousand in total on both sides.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Algeria

American singer-songwriter Selena, known as the "queen of Tejano music", was murdered by the president of her fan club, Yolanda Saldívar, in Corpus Christi, Texas, deeply affecting the Latino community

On the morning of March 31, 1995, American singer Selena Quintanilla-Pérez was fatally shot at the Days Inn in Corpus Christi, Texas. The shooter, Yolanda Saldívar, an American nurse and the president of Selena's fan club, had embezzled thousands of dollars from the singer's earnings. Saldívar planned the murder over three weeks. Earlier in the day, Selena confronted Saldívar in her hotel room about recovering her financial records.

WrestleMania XII

WrestleMania XII was the twelfth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling event produced by the World Wrestling Federation. It took place on March 31, 1996, at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. In the main event, Bret Hart lost the WWF World Heavyweight Championship to Shawn Michaels in a 60-minute Iron Man match. In his return to the company after a four-year hiatus, The Ultimate Warrior defeated Hunter Hearst Helmsley. Roddy Piper competed in his first match since 1994, after which he left for WCW.

Anaheim, California, United States

Phoenix Chinese Channel begins broadcasting

On March 31, 1996, the Phoenix Chinese Channel began broadcasting, replacing Star Chinese Channel in Hong Kong and mainland China.

This records the channel’s first broadcast, not the incorporation date of Phoenix Television.

Hong Kong · China

Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2002. The Our Ukraine bloc emerged as the largest faction in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 111 of the 447 seats. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe noted at the time that there were physical assaults and harassment of candidates and campaign workers associated with opposition political parties prior to the March election. The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc complained of campaign related violations including "an informal 'media blackout,' [and] negatively slanted coverage".

Ukraine

Taiwan earthquake sends two Taipei 101 construction cranes crashing to the street

On March 31, 2002, an earthquake in Taiwan caused two cranes at the Taipei World Financial Center construction site to fall from the 56th floor, killing five construction workers.

Sources report different earthquake magnitudes, so this entry omits a magnitude.

Taiwan

2003 Kansas City mayoral election

The 2003 Kansas City mayoral election was held February 25 and March 31, 2003 to elect the mayor of Kansas City, Missouri. It saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Kay Barnes.

Missouri, United States

2004 Fallujah ambush

The 2004 Fallujah ambush occurred on March 31, 2004, when Iraqi insurgents attacked a convoy containing four American contractors from the private military company Blackwater USA who were conducting delivery for food caterers ESS.

Iraq

Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2005

A parliamentary election was held in Zimbabwe on 31 March 2005 to elect members to the Zimbabwe House of Assembly. All of the 120 elected seats in the 150-seat House of Assembly were up for election. (In addition, there were 20 members appointed by the President and ten elected by the traditional chiefs, who mostly support the government. Electoral colleges for the election of 10 chiefs to the parliament were to be held on 8 April.) The ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front party (ZANU-PF) of President Robert Mugabe won the elections with an increased majority against the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC).

Zimbabwe

The dwarf planet Makemake is discovered by a team led by astronomer Michael E. Brown at the Palomar Observatory

Makemake (minor-planet number 136472) is a dwarf planet orbiting the Sun in the Kuiper belt, a disc of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the fourth largest dwarf planet and trans-Neptunian object in the Solar System, having a diameter 60% that of Pluto. It was discovered on March 31, 2005, by American astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David Rabinowitz at Palomar Observatory.

Samoan general election, 2006

General elections were held in Samoa on 31 March 2006. The result was a landslide victory for the Human Rights Protection Party, who took 30 of the 49 seats, and gained another five seats when independent MPs joined the party.

Samoa

2007 Coupe de la Ligue final

The 2007 Coupe de la Ligue final was a football match held at Stade de France, Saint-Denis on 31 March 2007, that saw Bordeaux defeat Lyon 1–0 thanks to a goal by Henrique.

2007 Svenska Supercupen

Svenska Supercupen 2007 (Swedish Super Cup 2007) was the inaugural edition Svenska Supercupen annual football match that 2006 Allsvenskan champions IF Elfsborg successfully pursued the first competition title by defeating 2006 Svenska Cupen winners Helsingborgs IF, 1-0. James Keene scored the only goal of the match in the 55th minute. 1,240 attended the 31 March 2007 match at Borås Arena, Borås.

WWE Hall of Fame (2007)

WWE Hall of Fame (2007) was the event which featured the introduction of the 8th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on March 31, 2007, from the Fox Theatre in Detroit, Michigan. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania 23. The event was hosted by Todd Grisham. The ceremony aired later that evening on USA Network.

United States

2008 Iraq spring fighting

The 2008 Iraq spring fighting was a series of clashes between the Mahdi Army and allies and the Iraqi Army supported by coalition forces, in southern Iraq and parts of Baghdad, that began with an Iraqi offensive in Basra.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

2009 New York's 20th congressional district special election

On March 31, 2009, New York held a special election to fill a vacancy in its 20th congressional district. In January, the district's representative, Kirsten Gillibrand, was appointed US senator from New York, replacing Hillary Clinton, who had been appointed Secretary of State in the Obama administration. The two major-party candidates were Scott Murphy, a Democrat and private businessman, and Jim Tedisco, a Republican and the minority leader of the New York State Assembly.

Israel’s thirty-second government takes office

On March 31, 2009, Israel’s thirty-second government took office, led by Benjamin Netanyahu.

Israel

UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Gomi

UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Gomi (also known as UFC Fight Night 21) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on March 31, 2010 at Bojangles' Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina, This was the third time the UFC held an event in Charlotte, but the first since UFC 5, also at the same venue.

Operation Odyssey Dawn

Operation Odyssey Dawn was the U.S. code name for the American role in the international military operation in Libya to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 during the initial period of 19–31 March 2011, which continued afterwards under NATO command as Operation Unified Protector. The initial operation implemented a no-fly zone that was proposed during the Libyan Civil War to prevent government forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi from carrying out air attacks on anti-Gaddafi forces.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Libya

2012 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election

The election for the leadership of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) was held on 31 March 2012. The UUP holds an election for the office of Leader each year at its Annual General Meeting, which is normally returns the incumbent unopposed. The contested election was triggered after incumbent Leader Tom Elliott, elected in 2010, unexpectedly announced on 8 March 2012 that he would not be seeking re-election.

2012 Kebbi State gubernatorial by-election

The 2012 Kebbi State gubernatorial by-election occurred on March 31, 2012. PDP candidate Usman Saidu Nasamu Dakingari won the election, defeating CPC Abubakar Abubakar and 13 other candidates. Abubakar Abubakar was CPC candidate, Kabiru Tanimu Turaki was ACN candidate.

2012 Sabha conflict

The 2012 Sabha conflict started in the aftermath of the Libyan civil war, and involved armed clashes between the Tubu and Abu Seif tribes in Sabha, a city of almost 100,000 in the region of Fezzan, Libya. It happened after February 2012 clashes in Kufra, that involved the Tubu people, too. On 27 March, Jomode Elie Getty charged the clashes as "genocide".

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Libya

WWE Hall of Fame (2012)

WWE Hall of Fame (2012) was the event which featured the introduction of the 13th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by WWE on March 31, 2012, from the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania XXVIII. The event was hosted by Jerry Lawler.

United States

Guerra de Familias (2013)

La Guerra de Familias (2013) (Spanish for "War of the Families") was a professional wrestling major event, produced by the Mexico based International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion. The event took on March 31, 2013, at "Arena Naucalpan" in Naucalpan, State of Mexico, IWRG's main venue. The focal point of the event was a four team tag team tournament between four "families".

Naucalpan, Mexico

Battle of Ifoghas

The Battle of Ifoghas, also known as the Battle of Tigharghâr or the Battle of the Ametettai, took place from 18 February to 31 March 2013, during the Northern Mali conflict. The French army and the Chadian army fought armed Salafist jihadist groups led by Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Ansar Dine.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mali

Battle of Markada

The Battle of Markada (also spelled "Markadah" or "Markadahin") was a military confrontation between two jihadist groups, al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State (ISIS), over the town of Markada in the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in March 2014 during the Syrian civil war. The strategic importance of the town to the ISIS lay in its position on the group's weapons supply route from Iraq, the road linking Al-Hasakah with Deir ez-Zor and a hill that dominates the surrounding area.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Tuvaluan general election, 2015

General elections were held in Tuvalu on 31 March 2015. The state of emergency created by Cyclone Pam resulted in the election being delayed twice. The election was originally scheduled for 19 March, then after Cyclone Pam caused damage to the islands, the election was re-scheduled for 26 March.

Tuvalu

Brave 4: Unstoppable

Brave 4: Unstoppable (also known as Brave 4) was a mixed martial arts event held live by Brave Combat Federation on Friday March 31, 2017 at the IPIC Arena in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The event was broadcast live online and locally through Bahrain TV, ABS-CBN Sports and Action, Combate, Abu Dhabi Sports and OSN Sports.

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

WWE Hall of Fame (2017)

WWE Hall of Fame (2017) was the event which featured the introduction of the 18th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by WWE on March 31, 2017, from the Amway Center in Orlando, Florida. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania 33. This was the first time the Hall of Fame ceremony was not held the night before WrestleMania instead NXT TakeOver: Orlando was held the night before WrestleMania.

United States

2018 Coupe de la Ligue final

The 2018 Coupe de la Ligue final decided the winner of the 2017–18 Coupe de la Ligue, the 24th season of France's football league cup competition, the Coupe de la Ligue, a competition for the 42 teams that the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) manages. The final took place on 31 March 2018 at the Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux in Bordeaux and was contested by reigning champions Paris Saint-Germain and Monaco, a rematch of the previous final.

France

2019 Ukrainian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2019. As none of the 39 candidates on the ballot received an absolute majority of the initial vote, a runoff was held on 21 April between the top two vote-getters: Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a television personality, and Petro Poroshenko, the incumbent president. The Central Election Commission (CEC) announced that Zelenskyy won the second round with 73.22% of the total vote (or 74.96% of the valid vote).

Ukraine

2019 Turkish local elections

The Turkish local elections of 2019 were held on Sunday 31 March 2019 throughout the 81 provinces of Turkey. A total of 30 metropolitan and 1,351 district municipal mayors, alongside 1,251 provincial and 20,500 municipal councillors were elected, in addition to numerous local non-partisan positions such as neighbourhood representatives (muhtars) and elderly people's councils.

Turkey

2019 İzmir mayoral election

Mayoral elections were held in the Turkish province of İzmir as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2019. A total of 31 mayors, one for each of the 30 districts of İzmir and one for the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, were elected. Republican People's Party (CHP) candidate Tunç Soyer, the former Mayor of Seferihisar, was elected as Mayor of the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, beating Justice and Development Party (AK Party) candidate Nihat Zeybekci by 58.1% to 38.7%.

Turkey

2019 EFL Trophy final

The 2019 EFL Trophy Final was a football match played at Wembley Stadium on 31 March 2019. It decided the winners of the 2018–19 EFL Trophy, the 35th edition of the competition, a knock-out tournament for the 48 teams in League One and League Two and 16 category one academy sides. The Final was contested by League One sides Portsmouth and Sunderland, of which the winner received £100,000 and the Runners-Up received £50,000.

2019 Ankara mayoral election

Mayoral elections were held in the Turkish province of Ankara as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2019. A total of 26 mayors, one for each of the 25 districts of Ankara and one for the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality, were elected. Initial results suggested that opposition candidate Mansur Yavaş was elected with 50% of the vote, compared to the government candidate Mehmet Özhaseki's 47%.

Turkey

March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election

The March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election took place on 31 March 2019, as part of the 2019 Turkish local elections. In addition to a mayor for the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, all 39 Istanbul districts elected their own individual mayors as well as district councillors. Early results on election night showed that People's Alliance candidate Binali Yıldırım held a small lead over his Nation Alliance rival Ekrem İmamoğlu.

Turkey

PLA aircraft cross the Taiwan Strait median line

People’s Liberation Army aircraft crossed the median line of the Taiwan Strait.

Operation Boma's Wrath

Operation Boma's Wrath was a military operation launched by Chad against Boko Haram. Operation was launched on March 31, 2020, one week after Boko Haram's attack on Chadian military base in which 92 Chadian soldiers were killed. Aim of the operation was to destroy hidden jihadist bases and repulse their forces out of Chad.

Chad · Niger · Nigeria

2020 Seanad election

An indirect election to the 26th Seanad took place after the 2020 Irish general election, with postal ballots due on 30 and 31 March. Seanad Éireann is the upper house of the Oireachtas, with Dáil Éireann as the lower house of representatives. The election was held for 49 of the 60 seats in the Seanad: 43 are elected for five vocational panels, and six are elected in two university constituencies.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ireland

MLW Never Say Never (2021)

Never Say Never (2021) was a special episode of MLW Fusion which aired on March 31, 2021 on Fubo Sports Network and MLW's YouTube channel. It was the fourth event under the Never Say Never chronology. Three professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Jacob Fatu retained the World Heavyweight Championship against Calvin Tankman, thus ending Tankman's undefeated streak in MLW.

2021 Nigerien coup attempt

The 2021 Nigerien coup d'etat attempt occurred on 31 March at around 3 am WAT (2 am UTC) after gunfire erupted in the streets of Niamey, the capital of Niger, two days before the inauguration of president-elect Mohamed Bazoum. The coup attempt was staged by elements within the military, and was attributed to an Air Force unit based in the area of the Niamey Airport.

Niger

2021 Ataye clashes

The 2021 Ataye clashes were two episodes of large-scale ethnic violence killing hundreds in and around the Ethiopian town of Ataye, leading to nearly a quarter of the town being destroyed and hundreds of thousands displaced.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Ethiopia

Intimidation Games (2022)

Intimidation Games (2022) was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on March 31, 2022, at Gilley's Dallas in Dallas, Texas. The event was a television taping for MLW Fusion on YouTube, with the main card airing as a special episode on April 28, 2022.

Dallas, United States

Bellator 293

Bellator 293: Golm vs. James was a mixed martial arts event produced by Bellator MMA that took place on March 31, 2023, at the Pechanga Resort and Casino in Temecula, California, United States.

California, United States

WWE Hall of Fame (2023)

The 2023 WWE Hall of Fame was a professional wrestling event produced by WWE that featured the induction of the 24th class into the WWE Hall of Fame. The ceremony took place on March 31, 2023, at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, California, the night preceding WrestleMania 39. It aired live at 10pm Eastern Time on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network internationally, immediately after the airing of WWE's regular Friday night program, SmackDown.

California, United States

2023 Conservative Party of British Columbia leadership election

A Conservative Party of British Columbia leadership election was held on March 31, 2023, to elect a new party leader, following the resignation of Trevor Bolin. On March 31, 2023, Rustad was acclaimed as the leader after being the only person to enter the race. A "leadership celebration" took place on April 2 to celebrate Rustad's acclamation as leader.

A historic tornado outbreak occurs in the American Midwest and South

A widespread, deadly, and historic tornado outbreak affected large portions of the Midwestern, Southern and Eastern United States on March 31 and April 1, 2023, the result of an extratropical cyclone that also produced blizzard conditions in the Upper Midwest. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a rare high risk for severe weather in two areas of the Mississippi Valley on March 31, the first high risk issuance since March 25, 2021.

Tawori attack

On March 31, 2024, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin attacked Burkinabe forces in Tawori, Tapoa Province, Burkina Faso. Over seventy Burkinabe soldiers were killed and thirty-two civilians were killed during the attack and the subsequent massacre.

Burkina Faso

2024 Ankara mayoral election

Mayoral elections were held in the Turkish province of Ankara as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2024. A total of 26 mayors, one for each of the 25 districts of Ankara and one for the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality, were elected. The results were a landslide victory for the incumbent mayor Mansur Yavaş, the candidate of the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), who was re-elected with 60.4% of the vote.

Turkey

2024 Turkish local elections

Local elections in Turkey took place throughout the country's 81 provinces on 31 March 2024. A total of 30 metropolitan and 1,363 district municipal mayors, alongside 1,282 provincial and 21,001 municipal councilors were elected, in addition to numerous local non-partisan positions such as neighborhood representatives (muhtars) and elderly people's councils.

Turkey

2024 Antalya local elections

Local elections were held in the Turkish province of Antalya as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2024. 20 mayors were elected, 19 for each of the districts of Antalya, and one for the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality. Municipal councils for the 19 district municipalities and the Antalya Metropolitan Municipality were also elected. The incumbent mayor of the metropolitan municipality, Muhittin Böcek, retained his position with a plurality.

Turkey

2024 Istanbul mayoral election

Istanbul, Turkey's largest city, held mayoral elections on 31 March 2024 as part of the 2024 Turkish local elections. Incumbent mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu was re-elected with an absolute majority (51.21%) of the vote.

Turkey

2024 İzmir mayoral election

Local elections took place in İzmir, the third largest city of Turkey, on 31 March 2024, as part of nationwide local elections. A metropolitan municipal mayor was elected alongside mayors and councillors for the districts of İzmir. The governing People's Alliance, formed of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), fielded AK Party Member of Parliament Hamza Dağ as their candidate.

Turkey

2024 Kütahya mayoral election

Mayoral elections were held in the Turkish province of Kütahya as part of nationwide local elections on 31 March 2024. Despite being considered a conservative province, the election in the central district of Kütahya resulted in a surprise victory for the secular centre-left Republican People's Party (CHP), which narrowly won against the incumbent nationalist Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).

Turkey

2024 Bursa mayoral election

Local elections were held in Bursa, a metropolitan province of Turkey, on 31 March 2024 alongside nationwide local elections. Elections were held for the metropolitan municipal mayor of Bursa, as well as district mayors and councillors of Bursa's 17 districts. The governing People's Alliance, formed by the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and the smaller Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), nominated incumbent Mayor Alinur Aktaş for re-election.

Turkey