December 23 historical events
583 — Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque
Yohl Ikʼnal (Mayan pronunciation: [johl ikʼnal]), also known as Lady Kan Ik, Lady Kʼanal Ikʼnal, and sometimes rendered as Ix Yohl Ikʼnal (died 7 November 604), was queen regnant of the Maya city-state of Palenque (ancient Lakamha). She acceded to the throne on 23 December 583 CE and ruled until her death in 604.
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1299 — Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar
The Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar, also known as the Third Battle of Homs, was a Mongol victory over the Mamluks in 1299.
The Ilkhanate ruler Ghazan defeats a Mamluk army that opposes his invasion into Syria in the Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar near Homs.
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1312 — Siege of al-Rahba
The siege of al-Rahba was a military engagement between the invading Ilkhanate Mongols and the Egyptian Mamluk al-Rahba garrison. It was the last military engagement of the Mamluk-Ilkhanid War. In 1312, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, al-Nasir Muhammad, began forming his own Mamluk emirs instead of Syrian ones. Having formed 46 new Emirs, he began eliminating the Emirs who had brought him to power.
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Syria · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1489 — Ferdinand II enters Almería and takes possession of its fortress
On December 23, 1489, Ferdinand II of Aragon entered Almería and took possession of the Alcazaba after the city had agreed to surrender. Isabella I arrived the next day, and a public ceremony followed on December 26.
Almería, Andalusia, Spain · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-05
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1598 — Battle of Curalaba
The Battle of Curalaba (Spanish: Batalla de Curalaba pronounced [baˈtaʝa ðe kuɾaˈlaβa]) was a battle and an ambush in 1598 when Mapuche people led by Pelantaru defeated Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola at Curalaba, southern Chile. In Chilean historiography, where the event is often called the Disaster of Curalaba (Spanish: Desastre de Curalaba), the battle marks the end of the conquest (la conquista) period in Chile's history, although the fast Spanish expansion in the south had already been halted in the 1550s.
Arauco War: Governor of Chile Martín García Óñez de Loyola is killed in the Battle of Curalaba by Mapuches led by Pelantaru.
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1688 — As part of the Glorious Revolution, King James II of England flees from England to Paris after being deposed in favor of his son-in-law and nephew, William of Orange and his daughter Mary
James II and VII (14 October 1633 O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from February 1685 until he was deposed in the 1688 Glorious Revolution. The last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland, his reign was marked by conflicts over religion, absolutism and the divine right of kings; his deposition ended a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of the English Parliament over the Crown.
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1745 — Battle of Inverurie (1745)
For the battle of the same name during the Wars of Scottish Independence see: Battle of Inverurie (1308). The second Battle of Inverurie took place on 23 December 1745 and was part of the second major Jacobite rising in Scotland.
Inverurie, United Kingdom · Scotland, United Kingdom · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1773 — Moscow State Academy of Choreography is founded under the reign of Catherine II. It is the second ballet school in Russia after Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet
The Moscow State Academy of Choreography (Russian: Московская государственная академия хореографии), commonly known as the Bolshoi Ballet Academy, is a ballet school located in Moscow, Russia. It is the affiliate school of the Bolshoi Ballet. Founded on December 23, 1773 as the second ballet school in Russia, it entered into a contract with the Italian teacher-choreographer Filippo Becari, regarded as the "most capable of teaching" children to learn to "dance with all possible precision and to show themselves publicly in all pantomime ballets".
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1783 — George Washington resigns command of the Continental Army
George Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army to the Confederation Congress at the Maryland State House in Annapolis on December 23. After the American Revolutionary War, his voluntary return to civilian life became an influential example of civilian authority over the military.
Maryland State House, Annapolis, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1793 — Battle of Savenay
The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay.
Vendée, France · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1793 — Siege of Landau (1793)
The siege of Landau (20 August – 23 December 1793) saw a corps from the Kingdom of Prussia commanded by Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen lay siege to a 3,800-man French Republican garrison led by Joseph Marie Tennet de Laubadère. Since the Prussians lacked siege cannons, they tried to starve the French defenders into surrender by blockading the city.
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Germany · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1793 — Battle of Collioure
The Battle of Collioure (20–23 December 1793) saw troops from Spain attack a French division during the War of the Pyrenees. The Spanish troops led by Gregorio García de la Cuesta were completely successful in ousting the French under Louis Pierre François Delattre from Collioure, Fort Saint-Elme and Port-Vendres. The contending sides were the Spanish Army of Catalonia commanded by Antonio Ricardos and the French Army of the Eastern Pyrenees led by François Amédée Doppet and Eustache Charles d'Aoust.
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France · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1799 — Second Siege of El Arish
The siege of El Arish was a military engagement between the French garrison of El Arish and the Ottoman army during the French invasion of Egypt and Syria. The Ottomans attacked and invested in the fort, massacring the French garrison.
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1806 — Battle of Czarnowo
The Battle of Czarnowo on the night of 23–24 December 1806 saw troops of the First French Empire under the eye of Emperor Napoleon I launch an evening assault crossing of the Wkra River against Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy's defending Russian Empire forces. The attackers, part of Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout's III Corps, succeeded in crossing the Wkra at its mouth and pressed eastward to the village of Czarnowo. After an all-night struggle, the Russian commander withdrew his troops to the east, ending this War of the Fourth Coalition action. Czarnowo is located on the north bank of the Narew River 33 kilometres (21 mi) north-northwest of Warsaw.
Czarnowo, Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki County, Poland · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1809 — Walcheren Campaign
The Walcheren Campaign (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɑlxərə(n)]) was an unsuccessful British expedition to the Kingdom of Holland in 1809 intended to open another front in the Austrian Empire's struggle with France during the War of the Fifth Coalition. John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham, the commander of the expedition, was ordered to capture the towns of Flushing (Vlissingen) and Antwerp and thus enable British ships to safely traverse the Scheldt River.
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1813 — Battle of Holy Ground
The Battle of Holy Ground, or Battle of Econochaca, was a battle fought on December 23, 1813 between the United States militia and the Red Stick Creek Indians during the Creek War. The battle took place at Econochaca, the site of a fortified encampment established in the summer of 1813 by Josiah Francis on a bluff above the Alabama River, in what is now Lowndes County, Alabama. It was one of three encampments erected by Red Stick Creeks that summer. In addition to the physical defenses, Creek prophets performed ceremonies at the site to create a spiritual barrier of protection.
Lowndes County, Alabama, United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1815 — The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published
Emma is a novel written by English author Jane Austen. It is set in the fictional Surrey village of Highbury and the surrounding estates of Hartfield, Randalls, and Donwell Abbey, and involves the relationships among people from a small number of families. The novel was first published in December 1815, although the title page is dated 1816.
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1823 — The poem "Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas," also known as "'Twas the Night Before Christmas," is published anonymously in the Troy Sentinel
"A Visit from St. Nicholas" (often called "The Night Before Christmas" and "'Twas the Night Before Christmas", from its first line) is a poem, first published anonymously under the title "Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas", in 1823. Authorship has been attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, who claimed authorship in 1837; but it has also been suggested that Henry Livingston Jr. wrote it.
Location not yet verified · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-10-18
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1832 — Siege of Antwerp (1832)
The siege of Antwerp took place after fighting in the Belgian Revolution ended. On 15 November 1832, the French Armée du Nord under Marshal Gérard began to lay siege to the Dutch troops there under David Chassé. The siege ended on 23 December 1832. The French had agreed with the Belgian rebels that the latter would not participate in the battle.
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Belgium · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1835 — Second Seminole War
The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between the United States and groups of people collectively known as Seminoles, consisting of Creek and Black Seminoles as well as other allied tribes (see below). It was part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars.
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United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1857 — 1857 Onkaparinga colonial by-election
The 1857 Onkaparinga colonial by-election was held on 23 December 1857 to elect one of two members for Onkaparinga in the South Australian House of Assembly, after sitting member William Bower Dawes resigned on 24 November 1857. William Townsend won the by-election with 53 per cent of the vote.
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1868 — 1868 Wareham by-election
The 1868 Wareham by-election was fought on 23 December 1868. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, John Calcraft. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Erle-Drax.
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1873 — 1873 United States Senate special election in California
The 1873 United States Senate special election in California was held on December 23, 1873, by the California State Legislature to elect a U.S. senator (Class 1) to represent the State of California in the United States Senate. In a special joint session, Democratic State Senator John S. Hager was elected over People's Independent State Senator Thomas H. Laine, former Republican State Supreme Court Justice Oscar L. Shafter, and former Republican U.S. Senator Cornelius Cole.
California, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1873 — 1873 United States Senate election in California
The 1873 United States Senate election in California was held on December 23, 1873, by the California State Legislature to elect a U.S. senator (Class 1) to represent the State of California in the United States Senate. In a special joint session, Republican Governor Newton Booth was elected over Democratic State Senator James T. Farley and former Republican State Supreme Court Justice Oscar L. Shafter.
California, United States · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1879 — Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment
The siege of the Sherpur Cantonment was a battle fought in December 1879, during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. British forces were besieged by Afghan troops, then repulsed an assault.
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Afghanistan · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1881 — French conquest of Tunisia
The French conquest of Tunisia occurred in two phases in 1881: the first (28 April – 12 May) consisting of the invasion and securing of the country before the signing of a treaty of protection, and the second (10 June – 28 October) consisting of the suppression of a rebellion. The French protectorate of Tunisia that was established lasted until the independence of Tunisia on 20 March 1956.
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Tunisia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1891 — Jangir-e-Lae
The Jangir-e-Lae (otherwise known as the Anglo-Brusho War) was a battle fought by troops from the British Raj under the command of Colonel Algernon George Arnold Durand against the people of Nagar and Hunza in the area of Nilt in modern-day Pakistan from December 1 to 23, 1891 as part of the Hunza–Nagar Campaign.
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Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1893 — Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel premieres in Weimar
Engelbert Humperdinck’s opera based on the Grimm fairy tale Hansel and Gretel had its first performance in Weimar, conducted by Richard Strauss.
Weimar · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-11-06
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1895 — Battle of Coliseo
The Battle of Coliseo was a group of military actions carried out in the surroundings of the town of the same name, Matanzas Province, Cuba on December 23, 1895 during the Cuban War of Independence.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1906 — A major earthquake strikes near Manas in Xinjiang
A powerful earthquake struck along the northern side of the Tian Shan in Xinjiang. The area around Manas and Shawan was heavily affected.
Manas and Shawan, Xinjiang, China · Disasters · Checked 2026-11-06
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1908 — Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908
The Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908 was a dispute that broke out between the Netherlands and Venezuela after the Venezuelan president, Cipriano Castro, issued a number of decrees that undermined trade with the Dutch Caribbean island of Curaçao. Venezuela expelled the Dutch ambassador, prompting a Dutch dispatch of three warships: Jacob van Heemskerck, Gelderland, and Friesland. The Dutch warships had orders to intercept every ship that was sailing under the Venezuelan flag.
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Venezuela · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1912 — 1912 Argentine Primera División final
The 1912 Argentine Primera División final was the match that determined the winner of 1912 season of Argentine Primera División. The championship was organised by dissident body Federación Argentina de Football (FAF), which had been established that same year after several disagreements with the Argentine Football Association.
Argentina · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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1913 — The Federal Reserve Act is signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson, creating the Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve Act was passed by the 63rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on December 23, 1913. The law created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. Following the 1912 elections, in which Democrats gained control of Congress and the presidency, President Wilson, Congressman Carter Glass, and Senator Robert Latham Owen introduced legislation to create a central bank.
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1916 — ANZAC forces win the Battle of Magdhaba in Sinai
The ANZAC Mounted Division and the Imperial Camel Corps attacked Ottoman forces at Magdhaba in the northern Sinai on December 23. Their victory removed an outpost blocking the route toward Palestine. The battle took place in the Asian part of present-day Egypt.
Magdhaba, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1918 — Battle of Punapargi
The Battle of Punapargi (Estonian: Punapargi lahing) was a skirmish during the Estonian Independence War between Estonian soldiers of the 6th Infantry Regiment and the retreating Imperial German forces near Punapargi in Pärnu County on 23 December 1918.
Estonia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1919 — Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 becomes law in the United Kingdom, allowing women to serve as lawyers, civil servants, and in other professions, as well as to serve on juries
The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 71) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It became law when it received royal assent on 23 December 1919. The act enabled women to join the professions and professional bodies, to sit on juries and be awarded degrees. It was a government compromise, a replacement for a more radical private members' bill, the Women's Emancipation Bill.
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1933 — Two passenger trains collide near Lagny-sur-Marne
A Paris–Strasbourg express struck the rear of a stopped train bound for Nancy near Pomponne, east of Paris. The crash crushed several wooden carriages and killed more than 200 people.
Pomponne, Seine-et-Marne · Disasters · Checked 2026-11-07
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1936 — The Buenos Aires copyright convention takes effect for Colombia
The Buenos Aires Convention entered into force for Colombia. The treaty provided for mutual recognition of copyright across participating countries.
Colombia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-11-07
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1938 — Catalonia Offensive
The Catalonia Offensive (Catalan: Ofensiva de Catalunya, Spanish: Ofensiva de Cataluña) was part of the Spanish Civil War. The Nationalist Army started the offensive on 23 December 1938 and rapidly conquered Republican-held Catalonia with Barcelona (the Republic's capital city from October 1937). Barcelona was captured on 26 January 1939. The Republican and Catalan governments headed for the French border.
Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1941 — Battle of Wake Island
The Battle of Wake Island was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on Wake Island. The assault was one of five simultaneous assaults on American naval and air bases in the Pacific on the morning of 8 December 1941 (7 December in Hawaii), with the Battle of Wake Island ending on 23 December, with the surrender of American forces to the Empire of Japan.
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Wake Island · United States · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1941 — Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay
The Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay (Filipino: Paglusob ng mga Hapones sa Look ng Lamon) was a secondary mission in the Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf during the 1941-1942 Japanese conquest of the Philippines. Securing the coast southeast of Manila would complete the Japanese encirclement of the capital and would act as a diversionary attack from the Japanese main invasion force from the north.
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Philippines · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1941 — Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf
The Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf was the key point in the Japanese plan for the conquest of the Philippines. Preparations had already been made by the Attack on Clark Field and the landings of Japanese forces at five points in northern and southern Luzon and Mindanao in early/mid December 1941, with the IJAAF seizing air fields and basing aircraft for ground support, and the Imperial Japanese Navy establishing seaplane bases at the Camiguin Island, Legaspi, and Davao.
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Philippines · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1941 — Convoy HG 76
Convoy HG 76 (19 to 23 December 1941) was an Allied convoy of the HG (Homeward from Gibraltar) series, during the Second World War. It was notable for the destruction of five German U-boats, although the true total was not known to the British until after the war. Two Condor long-range reconnaissance aircraft were shot down by British Martlet fighters from the escort carrier HMS Audacity, which was sunk later on the voyage, along with a destroyer and two merchant ships.
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Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1942 — Operation Winter Storm
Operation Winter Storm (German: Unternehmen Wintergewitter) was a German offensive in December 1942 during World War II, in which the German 4th Panzer Army failed to break the Soviet encirclement of the German 6th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. In late November 1942, the Red Army completed Operation Uranus, encircling some 300,000 Axis personnel in and around the city of Stalingrad.
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Location not yet verified · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1945 — Copa de Oro Argentina
The Copa de Oro Argentina was a Spanish football competition, held once on 23 December 1945 as a one-off game between FC Barcelona (winner of the 1944–45 La Liga) and Athletic Bilbao (winner of the 1944–45 Copa del Generalísimo), with Barcelona winning 5–4 at their Camp de Les Corts stadium. The match was organised by the Catalan Football Federation on the initiative of the Argentine consulate in Barcelona, with the trophy being provided by the city's Argentine community.
Spain · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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1947 — Bell Labs demonstrates the point-contact transistor
At Bell Laboratories, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain demonstrated a point-contact transistor. The device used semiconductor material to amplify an electrical signal.
Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, United States · Science & discovery · Checked 2026-11-06
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1948 — Seven Tokyo war crimes tribunal death sentences are carried out
Seven men convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, including former Japanese prime minister Hideki Tojo, were executed at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo. The tribunal had pronounced its sentences in November.
Sugamo Prison, Tokyo, Japan · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-06
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1950 — U.S. Eighth Army commander Walton Walker dies in a road crash
Lieutenant General Walton Walker was travelling by jeep to visit troops during the Korean War when his vehicle collided with a truck north of Seoul. He was pronounced dead at a nearby military medical station.
North of Seoul, South Korea · Births & deaths · Checked 2026-11-06
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1954 — Successful kidney transplant between identical twins in Boston
A team at Brigham Hospital in Boston transplanted a kidney from Ronald Herrick to his identical twin, Richard, on 23 December 1954.
United States · Science & discovery · Checked 2026-11-02
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1955 — Edvin Laine’s The Unknown Soldier is released
Edvin Laine’s film The Unknown Soldier was released on 23 December 1955. It was the first film adaptation of Väinö Linna’s novel of the same name.
Location not yet verified · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-11-01
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1956 — The first Nakayama Grand Prix is run
Nakayama Racecourse hosted the inaugural Nakayama Grand Prix, the horse race later renamed the Arima Kinen.
Nakayama Racecourse · Sport · Checked 2026-11-06
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1957 — 1957 United States Air Force incursion into Albanian airspace
The 1957 United States Air Force incursion into Albanian airspace (Albanian: Incidentet e para ajrore), was a Cold War air-to-air combat incident. On December 23, 1957, an American T-33 fighter jet violated Albanian airspace. Two MiG-15 aircraft took off from Kuçova Air Base, piloted by Anastas Ngjela and Mahmut Hysa. The American fighter jet was surrounded and forced to land on the unfinished runway at Rinas airport, now known as Tirana International Airport Nënë Tereza.
Albania · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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1958 — Tokyo Tower opens to the public
On 23 December 1958, Tokyo Tower opened to the public in Tokyo, Japan. The communications and observation tower stands in the Shiba-koen area of Minato.
Tokyo Tower, Minato, Tokyo, Japan · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-11-01
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1961 — U.S. Army helicopters carry South Vietnamese troops in Operation Chopper
U.S. Army helicopters carried South Vietnamese paratroopers to a landing zone near Saigon for an assault on a Viet Cong position. It was an early example of U.S. helicopter crews taking part in a combat operation in Vietnam.
Near Saigon, Vietnam · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-07
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1968 — North Korea releases the surviving crew of USS Pueblo
The 82 surviving crew members of USS Pueblo crossed into South Korea at Panmunjom after nearly eleven months in captivity. The ship remained in North Korea.
Panmunjom, Korean Demilitarized Zone · War & conflict · Checked 2026-11-06
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1970 — 1970 Argentine Campeonato Nacional final
The 1970 Campeonato Nacional final was the final match to define the 1970 Campeonato Nacional of Argentine Primera División. It was played between Boca Juniors and Rosario Central. It was the 3rd. final contested by Boca Juniors after 1923 (won a four-matches series v Huracán) and 1929 (lost v Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata) The match was held in the Estadio Monumental, home venue of Boca Juniors' arch-rival C.A. River Plate.
Argentina · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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1972 — South Korean presidential election, 1972
The South Korean presidential election of 1972 took place on 23 December 1972, after the promulgation of the Yushin Constitution, and was won by Park Chung-hee without opposition. Under the terms of the Constitution, the President was elected not by direct vote, as had been the case formerly, but by an electoral college known as the National Council for Unification. With no opposition candidates and with the National Council hand-picked by Park, Park was elected with the support of 2,357 out of the 2,359 delegates who had been elected to the Council on December 5. Two votes were registered as invalid.
South Korea · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1972 — 1972 Nicaragua earthquake
The 1972 Nicaragua earthquake occurred at 12:29:44 a.m. local time (06:29:44 UTC) on 23 December near Managua, the capital of Nicaragua. It had a moment magnitude of 6.3 and a maximum MSK intensity of IX (Destructive). The epicenter was 28 km (17 mi) northeast of the city centre with a depth of about 10 km (6.2 mi).
This entry records the local date, as dated in the source infobox.
Nicaragua · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-19
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1972 — Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571
Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 was the chartered flight of a Fairchild FH-227D from Montevideo, Uruguay, to Santiago, Chile, that crashed in the Andes mountains in Argentina on 13 October 1972. The accident and subsequent survival became known as both the Andes flight disaster (Tragedia de los Andes, literally Tragedy of the Andes) and the Miracle of the Andes (Milagro de los Andes).
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-19
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1972 — The Immaculate Reception gives Pittsburgh its first playoff win
Franco Harris caught a deflected pass and ran it in for a late touchdown, giving the Pittsburgh Steelers a 13–7 playoff win over the Oakland Raiders.
Three Rivers Stadium, Pittsburgh · Sport · Checked 2026-11-06
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1976 — Singaporean general election, 1976
General elections were held in Singapore on 23 December 1976. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won all 69 seats, the third of four consecutive elections in which they repeated the feat. Voter turnout was 95.1% in the 53 constituencies that were contested, with PAP candidates elected unopposed in the other sixteen.
Singapore · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1978 — Alitalia Flight 4128
Alitalia Flight 4128 was a scheduled flight from Leonardo da Vinci Airport, in Rome, Italy, to Palermo International Airport in Palermo, Italy, with 129 on board. On 23 December 1978, the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 crashed into the Tyrrhenian Sea about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Palermo while on approach. As a result of the accident, out of 129 people (between passengers and crew), 108 perished and 21 survived, rescued by nearby fishing boats.
Italy · Disasters · Checked 2026-09-23
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1980 — Singaporean general election, 1980
General elections were held in Singapore on 23 December 1980. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won all 75 seats, the last of four consecutive elections in which they repeated the feat. Voter turnout was 95.5%, although this figure represents the turnout in the 38 constituencies to be contested, with PAP candidates earning walkovers in the other 37. Abolished constituencies do include: * Farrer Park. Merged with Moulmein. Lee Chiaw Meng was shifted to Tanah Merah from Farrer Park (in view of new development) * Geylang East. Merged with MacPherson. Ho Cheng Choon retired.
Singapore · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1980 — Hong Kong approves construction of the Island line in phases
On 23 December 1980, Hong Kong approved phased construction of the MTR Island line; this was approval, not opening.
Hong Kong · Technology & industry · Checked 2026-10-26
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1984 — Aeroflot Flight 3519
Aeroflot Flight 3519 was a scheduled flight operated by a Tupolev Tu-154 from Krasnoyarsk Airport in Krasnoyatsk, Soviet Union, to Irkutsk Airport in Irkutsk, Soviet Union. On December 23, 1984, the aircraft flying this route crashed due to an engine failure. 110 occupants died; one passenger survived the accident.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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1986 — Somali presidential election, 1986
Presidential elections were held in Somalia on 23 December 1986, the first time a public election for President had been held. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP) as the sole legal political party. Its leader, incumbent President Siad Barre, was the only candidate. He was re-elected with fewer than 1,500 votes against his candidacy.
Somalia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1986 — Rutan Voyager completes its nonstop flight around the world
Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager landed at Edwards Air Force Base after flying around the world for nine days. They completed the trip without stopping or refueling.
Edwards Air Force Base, California, United States · Exploration · Checked 2026-11-06
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1989 — Operation Nifty Package
Operation Nifty Package was a United States Delta Force and Navy SEAL-operated plan conducted in 1989 designed to capture the de facto ruler of Panama Manuel Noriega who ruled through puppet presidents. When Noriega took refuge in the Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See (diplomatic quarter), deafening music and other psychological warfare tactics were used to convince him to exit and surrender himself.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Panama · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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1990 — Slovenian independence referendum, 1990
An independence referendum was held in the Republic of Slovenia on 23 December 1990. Both the ruling centre-right coalition and the left-wing opposition supported the referendum and called on voters to support Slovenian independence. The voters were asked the question: "Should the Republic of Slovenia become an independent and sovereign state?" (Slovene: Ali naj Republika Slovenija postane samostojna in neodvisna država?). The Slovenian Parliament set a threshold for the validity of the plebiscite at 50% and one of all electors (the absolute majority).
Slovenia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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1995 — Battle of Gudermes
The Battle of Gudermes took place in December 1995. was a battle of the First Chechen War, in which Russian armed forces regained control of Gudermes. It was characterized by large losses among the civilian population and mutual accusations of genocide.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Russia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2000 — Sudanese general election, 2000
General elections were held in Sudan between 13 and 23 December 2000 to elect a President and National Assembly. The elections were boycotted by the main opposition parties including the Umma Party, the Democratic Unionist Party and the Popular National Congress, which resulted in an easy victory for the incumbent President Omar al-Bashir of the National Congress in the presidential election, with the National Congress also victorious the National Assembly election, winning 355 of the 360 seats, 112 of which were uncontested.
Sudan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2001 — 2001 Russian gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections in 2001 took place in 17 regions of the Russian Federation on various dates, including one snap election. In two regions the second rounds were held in January 2002. With some delay, elections were held for the governors of Nenets and Taymyr Autonomous Okrugs, whose terms of office expired back in December 2000. Early elections were held in Primorsky Krai after resignation of Yevgeny Nazdratenko.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Russia · Politics & society · Checked 2026-10-18
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2002 — Indonesia defeats the Philippines 13-1 at the 2002 Tiger Cup
Indonesia beat the Philippines 13-1 in a Tiger Cup group match at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta.
Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, Jakarta · Sport · Checked 2026-11-06
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2003 — A gas-well blowout strikes Kaixian, Chongqing
On 23 December 2003, the Luojia No. 16 gas well in Kaixian, Chongqing, suffered a major blowout. Gas containing hydrogen sulphide spread into nearby communities, requiring urgent evacuations and rescue work.
Date of the blowout, not a later rescue report or court hearing.
China · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-25
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2004 — Second Battle of Fallujah
The Second Battle of Fallujah, initially codenamed Operation Phantom Fury, Operation al-Fajr (Arabic: الفجر, lit. 'The Dawn') was an American-led offensive of the Iraq War that began on 7 November 2004 and lasted about six weeks. A joint military effort of the United States, the Iraqi Interim Government, and the United Kingdom, the battle was the war's first major engagement fought solely against the Iraqi insurgency, not the military forces of the Ba'athist Iraq government.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Iraq · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2005 — Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217
Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217 was a scheduled passenger flight between Baku and Aktau, Kazakhstan that crashed into the Caspian Sea at ca. 22:40 on 23 December 2005. The flight was operated by an Antonov An-140.
Location not yet verified · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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2006 — Final Battle 2006
Final Battle 2006 was a major professional wrestling event produced by Ring of Honor (ROH). It took place on December 23, 2006 from the Manhattan Center in New York City. It was the fourth annual event in the Final Battle chronology, with the first taking place in 2002. The shows main event featured New York’s own Homicide challenge Bryan Danielson for the ROH World Championship, with Homicide vowing to leave ROH forever if he failed to win the title. The show also featured Claudio Castagnoli in his final match before leaving for World Wrestling Entertainment.
New York City, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2006 — 2006–2007 Tunisia clashes
On 23 December 2006 and 3 January 2007, Tunisian security forces engaged in clashes with members of a group with connections to the Islamist terror group Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) in the towns of Soliman and Hammam-Lif south of the capital Tunis, killing more than a dozen people.
Tunisia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2007 — 2007 Thai general election
General elections were held in Thailand on 23 December 2007. They were the first elections after the Council for National Security, a military junta, had overthrown Thailand's elected government and abrogated the constitution on 19 September 2006. The junta had canceled general elections scheduled for October 2006 and promised new elections within 12 months.
Thailand · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2007 — 2007 Uzbek presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Uzbekistan on 23 December 2007. Incumbent president Islam Karimov was re-elected with 91% of the vote.
Uzbekistan · Politics & society · Checked 2026-09-23
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2008 — 2008 Guinean coup d'état
The 2008 Guinean coup d'état was a Guinean military coup d'état that occurred in Guinea on 23 December 2008, shortly after the death of long-time President Lansana Conté. A junta called the National Council for Democracy and Development (Conseil National de la Démocratie et du Development, CNDD), headed by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, seized power and announced that it planned to rule the country for two years prior to a new presidential election. Camara did indeed step down after Alpha Condé was elected in the 2010 election.
Guinea · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2009 — Super J-Cup (2009)
Super J-Cup: 5th Stage – Land of Confusion was the fifth Super J-Cup professional wrestling single-elimination tournament produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It was a two-night event taking place on December 22 and December 23, 2009 at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan. The interpromotional tournament featured junior heavyweight wrestlers from various Japanese promotions, marking its return after a five-year hiatus, last held in 2004.
Tokyo, Japan · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — Final Battle 2011
Final Battle 2011 was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Ring of Honor. It took place on December 23, 2011 at the Manhattan Center in New York City. It was the tenth annual event in the Final Battle chronology, with the first taking place in 2002, but only the third to be broadcast live. All three Ring of Honor (ROH) championships were contested at the event. The ROH World Championship was defended in a rubber match between champion Davey Richards and former champion Eddie Edwards; Edwards lost their previous match in June 2011 but won their first encounter in March 2010.
New York City, United States · Arts & culture · Checked 2026-09-23
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2011 — December 2011 Nigeria clashes
The December 2011 Nigeria clashes happened in several towns in northern Nigeria in late December 2011, within the context of the Boko Haram insurgency. A major confrontation between suspected Boko Haram members and security forces broke out in the city of Damaturu on 22 December 2011 and continued into the next day. Army sources confirmed they had killed at least 50 militants during the two-day battle, over-running an insurgent base and munitions depot.
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Nigeria · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2013 — 2013 Empress's Cup final
2013 Empress's Cup Final was the 35th final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at Omiya Football Stadium in Saitama on December 23, 2013. INAC Kobe Leonessa won the championship.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2015 — 2015 Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing
The Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing took place on 23 December 2015 in the apron area of Sabiha Gökçen International Airport in Istanbul, Turkey. The explosion, which occurred at approximately 02:05 local time, wounded two airport cleaners, one of whom later died after being taken to hospital. Flights from the terminal resumed as normal while Binali Yıldırım, the Minister of Transport, Maritime and Communication, claimed that there had been no security lapses at the airport.
Turkey · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)
The Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) was a military operation against rebel-held villages in the Barada River valley by the Syrian Army and allied forces, including pro-government militias and Lebanese Hezbollah between December 2016 and January 2017. The Barada River valley includes the village of Ain al-Fijah which holds a water spring that provides drinking water to towns throughout the Rif Dimashq Governorate.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Syria · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — Battle of Svitlodarsk
The Battle of Svitlodarsk took place during the war in Donbas near Svitlodarsk, Donetsk Oblast in 2016. It was described as the "bloodiest battle in 5 months".
This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.
Ukraine · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2016 — 2016 Supercoppa Italiana
The 2016 Supercoppa Italiana was the 29th edition of the Supercoppa Italiana. It was played on 23 December 2016 at Jassim bin Hamad Stadium in Doha, Qatar. Juventus were the defending champions. With Juventus winning both the 2015–16 Serie A championship and the 2015–16 Coppa Italia, the game was played between Juventus and the 2015–16 Coppa Italia runners-up, AC Milan.
Qatar · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2017 — Glory of Heroes holds an event in Jinan
On 23 December 2017, Glory of Heroes held a kickboxing event at Jinan Olympic Sports Center in Jinan, China.
This records the Jinan event, rather than the January event described in the collected introduction.
China · Sport · Checked 2026-11-01
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2020 — 2020 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
The 2020 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira was the 42nd edition of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. It was played between the champions of the 2019–20 Primeira Liga and winners of the 2019–20 Taça de Portugal, Porto, and the runners-up of the Taça de Portugal, Benfica, on 23 December 2020. Porto won the match 2–0 to secure their second Supertaça title in three years and extend their record to 22 titles overall.
Location not yet verified · Sport · Checked 2026-10-18
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2021 — ENDF National Unity Offensive
The ENDF National Unity Offensive was a military offensive in the Tigray War launched by the Ethiopian military (ENDF) and pro-government forces to recapture territory in the Amhara and Afar regions being occupied by the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF). Gendarmerie regional forces and local militias from Afar and Amhara had mobilized thousands of fighters and joined the offensive. The ENDF and its allies were able to push TDF forces back from Debre Sina, Amhara to Alamata, Tigray (≈400 km). The Ethiopian government announced the campaign for national unity was a success and had been completed on 23 December 2021.
Ethiopia · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2021 — Titao ambush
On December 23, 2021, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin and Ansarul Islam attacked Burkinabe forces in Titao, Loroum Province, Burkina Faso, killing 41 soldiers. The attack was one of the deadliest attacks against Burkinabe soldiers in the country's history, and occurred just over a month after an attack on Inata killed over fifty soldiers. News of the attack sparked protests across Burkina Faso.
Burkina Faso · War & conflict · Checked 2026-09-23
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2022 — Death of Lu Qiang
On 23 December 2022, Lu Qiang, a scientist, died.
China · Births & deaths · Checked 2026-10-26
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2022 — Death of Zhang Youshang
On 23 December 2022, Zhang Youshang, a biochemist, died.
China · Births & deaths · Checked 2026-10-26
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2022 — Death of Ma Jianzhang
On 23 December 2022, Ma Jianzhang, a zoologist, died.
China · Births & deaths · Checked 2026-10-26
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2024 — East Aleppo offensive (2024–2025)
The East Aleppo offensive was an operation launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in December 2024 against the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) to secure territory that was lost during the Manbij offensive and to advance from Dayr Hafir into the Tishrin Dam area.
This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.
Syria · War & conflict · Checked 2026-10-18
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2025 — Harmony Jets Flight 185
Harmony Jets Flight 185 was a charter flight from Ankara Esenboğa Airport, Turkey to Mitiga International Airport, Tripoli, Libya. On 23 December 2025, the aircraft operating the flight, a Dassault Falcon 50, crashed shortly after takeoff. The aircraft was carrying the Libyan Army chief Mohammed Ali Ahmed al-Haddad, three crew members, and four other passengers. All passengers and crew were killed.
Turkey · Disasters · Checked 2026-10-18
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