12月21日发生过什么？

The Roman Senate declares Vespasian emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors

The Roman Senate (Latin: Senātus Rōmānus) was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy. With different powers throughout its existence, it lasted from the first days of the city of Rome (traditionally founded in 753 BC) as the Senate of the Roman Kingdom, to the Senate of the Roman Republic and Senate of the Roman Empire and eventually the Byzantine Senate of the Eastern Roman Empire, existing well into the post-classical era and Middle Ages.

Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope-Elect Celestine II

Pope Honorius II (9 February 1060 – 13 February 1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 December 1124 to his death in 1130. Although from a humble background, his obvious intellect and outstanding abilities saw him promoted up through the ecclesiastical hierarchy.

Siege of Weinsberg

The siege of Weinsberg took place in 1140 in Weinsberg, in the modern state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, which was then part of the Holy Roman Empire. The siege was a decisive battle between two dynasties, the Welfs and the Hohenstaufen. The Welfs for the first time changed their war cry from "Kyrie Eleison" to their party cries. The Hohenstaufen used the 'Strike for Gibbelins' war cry.

The city of Ryazan is sacked by the Mongol army of Batu Khan

Batu Khan (c. 1205–1255) was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus officially a grandson of Genghis Khan (Jochi's paternity is highly uncertain). His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years.

Battle of Linuesa

The Battle of Linuesa was an action fought on 21 December 1361 in the municipality of Huesa, Jaén, Spain (contemporary Kingdom of Jaén. The battle was fought between the Kingdom of Castile and the forces of the Emirate of Granada. The battle resulted in a victory for the forces of the Kingdom of Castile. The Castilian forces were commanded by Diego García de Padilla, the Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava, Enrique Enríquez "el Mozo", the Adelantado Mayor of the frontera de Andalucía, and by Men Rodríguez de Biedma, the head Caudillo of the Bishop of Jaén.

Huesa, Spain

Battle of Kutná Hora

The Battle of Kutná Hora (Kuttenberg), an early battle and subsequent campaign in the Hussite Wars, was fought on 21–2 December 1421 between German and Hungarian troops of the Holy Roman Empire and the Hussites, an early ecclesiastical reformist group that was founded in what is now the Czech Republic. In 1419, Pope Martin V declared a crusade against the Hussites. One branch of the Hussites, known as the Taborites, formed a religious-military community at Tábor. Under the leadership of the talented general Jan Žižka, the Taborites adopted the latest weaponry available, including handguns, long, thin cannons, nicknamed "snakes", and war wagons.

Kutná Hora, Czechia

Battle of Curalaba

The Battle of Curalaba (Spanish: Batalla de Curalaba pronounced [baˈtaʝa ðe kuɾaˈlaβa]) was a battle and an ambush in 1598 when Mapuche people led by Pelantaru defeated Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola at Curalaba, southern Chile. In Chilean historiography, where the event is often called the Disaster of Curalaba (Spanish: Desastre de Curalaba), the battle marks the end of the conquest (la conquista) period in Chile's history, although the fast Spanish expansion in the south had already been halted in the 1550s.

Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile.

Siege of Trondheim

The siege of Trondheim was the successful siege and recapture of the city of Trondheim by Norwegian troops in 1658 that had been previously lost with the Treaty of Roskilde.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Sarsa

The Battle of Sarsa was fought on 21 December 1704 between the Khalsa and the Mughal Empire.

Battle of the Delaware Capes

The Battle of the Delaware Capes (also known as the Third Battle of Delaware Bay) was a naval engagement that was fought off the Delaware River towards the end of the American Revolutionary War. The battle took place on 20 and 21 December 1782, some three weeks after the signing of the preliminary articles of peace between Great Britain and the former American colonies.

Capture of Hooly Honore

The Capture of Hooly Honore, a town and fortress held by forces of the Kingdom of Mysore, occurred on 21 December 1791 after two days of siege by combined forces of the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire. The battle was part of a campaign during the Third Anglo-Mysore War by Maratha leader Purseram Bhow to recover Maratha territories taken by Hyder Ali in an earlier conflict between Mysore and the Marathas.

India

French expedition to Sardinia

The French expedition to Sardinia was a short military campaign fought in 1793 in the Mediterranean Sea in the first year of the War of the First Coalition, during the French Revolutionary Wars. The operation was the first offensive by the new French Republic in the Mediterranean during the conflict, and was directed at the island of Sardinia, part of the Kingdom of Sardinia.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Italy

Battle of Sahagún

The Battle of Sahagún (21 December 1808) was a cavalry clash at Sahagún, Spain, in which the British 15th Light Dragoons (Hussars) defeated two regiments of French cavalry during the Corunna Campaign of the Peninsular War. Losses to one of the French regiments were so heavy that it was subsequently disbanded. The action marked the final phase of the British army's advance into the interior of Spain, before they began their harrowing retreat to the coast and ultimate evacuation by sea.

Province of León, Spain

Battle of Molins de Rei

The Battle of Molins de Rey or Battle of Molins de Rei or Battle of Molins del Rey (21 December 1808) saw an Imperial French corps led by Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr attack a Spanish army led by the Conde de Caldagues and Theodor von Reding. Saint-Cyr outmaneuvered his opponents, distracting them with a false attack in front while sending the bulk of his force across Llobregat River in a turning movement around the Spanish right flank. The Spanish defensive lines crumbled and the French captured 1,200 soldiers, all the Spanish artillery and Caldagues himself.

Molins de Rei, Spain

Battle of Mahidpur

The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Holkar faction of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 21 December 1817. On 21 December 1817, the British, led by Sir Thomas Hislop, attacked the Holkar army led by 11-year-old Maharaja Malhar Rao Holkar II, 22-year-old Hari Rao Holkar and 20-year-old Bhima Bai Holkar. The Holkar artillery, led by Roshan Beg, attacked them with a long line of 63 cannons. At one point, the British were on the verge of losing the battle.

Mahidpur, India · Malwa, India

Fredonian Rebellion

The Fredonian Rebellion (December 21, 1826 – January 23, 1827) was the first attempt by Anglo settlers in Texas to secede from Mexico. The settlers, led by Empresario Haden Edwards, declared independence from Mexican Texas and created the Republic of Fredonia near Nacogdoches. The short-lived republic encompassed the land the Mexican government had granted to Edwards in 1825 and included areas that had been previously settled. Edwards's actions soon alienated these established residents, and the increasing hostilities between them and settlers recruited by Edwards led Victor Blanco of the Mexican government to revoke Edwards's contract.

Texas, United States

Battle of Akora Khattak

The Battle of Akora Khattak was the first significant clash between the Mujahidin movement led by Syed Ahmad Barelvi and the Sikh Empire. The attack was successful, resulting in significant casualties for the opposition.

Battle of Konya

The battle of Konya was fought on December 21, 1832, between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, just outside the city of Konya in modern-day Turkey. The Egyptians were led by Ibrahim Pasha, while the Ottomans were led by Reşid Mehmed Pasha. The Egyptians were victorious.

Medal of Honor: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln

The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the highest military decoration of the United States Armed Forces and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians, and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the President of the United States (the commander in chief of the armed forces) and is presented "in the name of Congress."

Sherman's March to the Sea

Sherman's March to the Sea, officially known as the Savannah campaign, or simply Sherman's March, was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by United States Army major general William T. Sherman. It began on November 15 with Sherman's troops leaving Atlanta, recently taken by Union forces under Sherman, and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Fetterman Fight

The Fetterman Fight, also known as the Fetterman Massacre or the Battle of the Hundred-in-the-Hands or the Battle of a Hundred Slain, was a battle during Red Cloud's War on December 21, 1866, between a confederation of the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and a detachment of the United States Army, based at Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming. The U.S. military mission was intended to protect travelers on the Bozeman Trail.

United States

Pikysyry maneuver

The Pikysyry maneuver was a tactic used by Brazilian marshal Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, during the Pikysyry campaign (part of the Paraguayan War) to outflank the Paraguayan southern defense line along the stream of Pikysyry consisting of 142 gun platforms along a line 9.1 km long, built by the British engineer Lt. Col. George Thompson.

Argentina

Challenger expedition

The Challenger expedition of 1872–1876 was a scientific programme that made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. The expedition was named after the naval vessel that undertook the trip, HMS Challenger. The expedition, initiated by William Benjamin Carpenter, was placed under the scientific supervision of Sir Charles Wyville Thomson—of the University of Edinburgh and Merchiston Castle School—assisted by five other scientists, including Sir John Murray, a secretary-artist and a photographer. The Royal Society of London obtained the use of Challenger from the Royal Navy and in 1872 modified the ship for scientific tasks at Sheerness, equipping it with separate laboratories for natural history and chemistry. The expedition, led by Captain George Nares, sailed from Portsmouth, England, on 21 December 1872.

1882 New South Wales colonial election

The 1882 New South Wales colonial election was held between 30 November and 21 December 1882. This election was for all of the 113 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 40 single-member constituencies, 26 2-member constituencies, three 3-member constituencies and three 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult male British subjects, resident in New South Wales.

The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed

The Royal Canadian Regiment (RCR) is an infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. The regiment consists of four battalions, three in the Regular Force and one in the primary reserve. The RCR is ranked first in the order of precedence amongst Canadian Army infantry regiments, but in a quirk of the rules of seniority, its 4th battalion is ninth.

Second Battle of Agordat

The Second Battle of Agordat was fought in late December 1893, between Italian colonial troops and Mahdists from Sudan. Emir Ahmed Ali campaigned against the Italian forces in eastern Sudan and led about 10,000–12,000 men east from Kassala. This force encountered 2,400 Italians and their Eritrean askaris at Agordat, west of Asmara, commanded by Colonel Arimondi. Over 1,000 Dervishes, including the Emir, were killed in severe fighting.

Eritrea

1897 Boston mayoral election

The Boston mayoral election of 1897 occurred on Tuesday, December 21, 1897. In a rematch of the previous election, Democratic incumbent mayor Josiah Quincy defeated Republican former mayor Edwin Upton Curtis to win re-election to a second term. In addition to Curtis, Quincy also defeated two minor challengers. Quincy was inaugurated for his second term on Monday, January 3, 1898.

Boston, United States

Santa María School massacre

The Santa María School massacre was a massacre of striking workers, mostly saltpeter works (nitrate) miners, along with wives and children, committed by the Chilean Army in Iquique, Chile on December 21, 1907. The number of victims is undetermined but is reliably estimated at over 2,000. It occurred during the peak of the nitrate mining era, which coincided with the Parliamentary Period in Chilean political history (1891–1925). With the massacre and an ensuing reign of terror, not only was the strike broken, but the workers' movement was thrown into limbo for over a decade.

Iquique, Chile

The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile

The Chilean Army (Spanish: Ejército de Chile) is the land arm of the Chilean Armed Forces. This 80,000-person army (9,200 of which are conscripts) is organized into six divisions, an army aviation brigade and a special operations brigade. In recent years, and after several major re-equipment programs, the Chilean Army has become the most technologically advanced and professional army in Latin America.

Pretoria Pit disaster

The Pretoria Pit disaster was a mining accident on 21 December 1910, when an underground explosion occurred at the Hulton Colliery Bank Pit No. 3, known as the Pretoria Pit, in Over Hulton, Westhoughton, then in the historic county of Lancashire, in North West England. A total of 344 men and boys lost their lives.

Battle of Lesbos (1912)

The Battle of Lesbos took place from 21 November – 21 December 1912 during the First Balkan War, resulting in the capture of the eastern Aegean island of Lesbos by the Kingdom of Greece. Greek naval forces, commanded by Rear Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis, landed at the island's capital, Mytilene on 21 November 1912, while the Ottoman garrison evacuated the city.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Jaffa (1917)

The Battle of Jaffa was an engagement fought during the Southern Palestine Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in World War I, between the Egyptian Expeditionary Force of the British Empire on one side and the Yildirim Army Group of the Ottoman Empire and German Empire on the other.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Rhondda West by-election, 1920

The Rhondda West by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election held on 21 December 1920 for the British House of Commons constituency of Rhondda West in Wales. The seat had become vacant when the constituency's Labour Member of Parliament (MP), William Abraham, resigned from Parliament. He had held the seat since its creation at the 1918 general election, when he was returned unopposed. He had been the MP for the previous Rhondda constituency from its creation for the 1885 general election. The result of the contest was a victory for the Labour candidate, William John, who won with a majority of 4,076 votes over Gwilym Rowlands.

Wales, United Kingdom

Abertillery by-election, 1920

The Abertillery by-election of 1920 was held on 21 December 1920. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP, William Brace. It was won by the Labour candidate George Barker.

United Kingdom

1921 Lower Hutt mayoral by-election

The 1921 Lower Hutt mayoral by-election was triggered by the resignation of the incumbent, Percy Rishworth, just eight months after he had been re-elected for a third term. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

New Zealand

Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923

The Nepal–Britain Treaty was first discussed in 1921 and the final treaty was signed on 21 December 1923 in Singha Durbar. The treaty was the first formal acknowledgement by the British that Nepal, as an independent nation, had the right to conduct its foreign policy in any way it saw fit and was considered to be “a great achievement of 25 years of Chandra Shumsher’s diplomacy.”

1929 Egyptian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 21 December 1929. The result was a victory for the Wafd Party, which won 216 of the 232 seats. The number of deputies in parliament increased from 211 to 232 after the 1927 census showed an increase in the population.

Egypt

1940 Swan by-election

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Swan on 21 December 1940. This was triggered by the death of Country Party MP Henry Gregory. The by-election was won by Country Party candidate Thomas Marwick, who had been a member of the Senate from 1936 to 1937.

World War II: A Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance is signed

Thailand officially adopted a neutral position during World War II until the five hour-long Japanese invasion of Thailand on 8 December 1941, which led to an armistice and military alliance treaty between Thailand and the Empire of Japan in mid-December 1941. At the start of the Pacific War, the Japanese Empire pressured the Thai government to allow the passage of Japanese troops to invade British-held Malaya and Burma.

1943 Copa Ramírez Final

The 1943 Copa Ramírez Final (also named Campeonato de la República) was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa General Pedro Ramírez, the 2nd. edition of this Argentine national cup organised by the AFA. The final was contested by San Lorenzo and General Paz Juniors at the old Chacarita Juniors stadium on Humboldt and Padilla in Villa Crespo, Buenos Aires.

Argentina

Second Battle of the Alps

The Second Battle of the Alps (French: deuxième bataille des Alpes; Italian: seconda battaglia delle Alpi) was a military campaign fought between combined German and Italian Social Republic forces, and the re-established French Republic led by Charles de Gaulle and other Allied forces.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of St. Vith

The Battle of St. Vith was an engagement in Belgium fought during the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine in World War II. It was one of several battles on December 16, 1944 constituting the opening of Germany's Ardennes counteroffensive (more commonly known as the "Battle of the Bulge"). The town of St.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Belgium

Battle of Ormoc Bay

The Battle of Ormoc Bay was a series of air-sea battles between Imperial Japan and the United States in the Camotes Sea in the Philippines from 9 November to 21 December 1944, at Ormoc, part of the Battle of Leyte in the Pacific campaign of World War II. The battles resulted from Japanese operations to reinforce and resupply their forces on Leyte and U.S. attempts to interdict them.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Philippines

Battle of Tangtou–Guocun

The Battle of Tangtou–Guocun (塘头郭村战斗) was a series of clashes between the nationalists and the communists during the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post-World War II era in Jiangsu, China and resulted in the communist victory.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

1946 Nankai earthquake

The 1946 Nankai earthquake (南海地震 Nankai jishin) was a great earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan. It occurred on December 21, 1946 at 04:19 JST (December 20, 19:19 UTC). The earthquake measured between 8.1 and 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, and was felt from Northern Honshū to Kyūshū. It occurred almost two years after the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake, which ruptured the adjacent part of the Nankai megathrust.

Japan

Cambodian general election, 1947

General elections were held in Cambodia on 21 December 1947. The Democratic Party won 44 of the 75 seats.

Cambodia

Charlton Athletic F.C. 7–6 Huddersfield Town A.F.C.

Charlton Athletic F.C. 7–6 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. was an association football match between Football League Second Division teams Charlton Athletic and Huddersfield Town that took place on 21 December 1957 at Charlton Athletic's home ground, The Valley. Charlton played most of the match with 10 men after their captain Derek Ufton was injured, and Huddersfield were leading 5–1 with just 27 minutes remaining.

1957 Singapore City Council election

The 1957 Singapore City Council elections were the first in which all council seats were filled through direct popular vote, following the removal of appointed positions. Nomination Day was held on 18 November 1957, and polling took place on 21 December. A total of 32 seats were contested. For the first time, the office of Mayor of Singapore was introduced, to be awarded to the leader of the political party that secured the largest number of seats.

Singapore

French presidential election, 1958

The French presidential election of 1958, the first of the French Fifth Republic, took place on December 21, 1958. This was the only French presidential election by the electoral college (gathering the members of the French Parliament, the Conseils Généraux, the overseas assemblies, and tens of thousands of mayors, deputy mayors and city council members). To win, a candidate needed to have 50% of the votes cast in his favour. This system was used only for this election, and was changed in the 1962 referendum in time for the 1965 presidential election.

France

Establishment of Rondane National Park

Rondane National Park (Norwegian: Rondane nasjonalpark) is the oldest national park in Norway, established on 21 December 1962. The park is located in Innlandet county, in the municipalities of Dovre, Folldal, Sel, Nord-Fron, Sør-Fron, Stor-Elvdal, and Ringebu. The park contains ten peaks above 2,000 metres (6,560 ft), with the highest being Rondeslottet at an altitude of 2,178 m (7,146 ft).

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is a United Nations convention. A third-generation human rights instrument, the Convention commits its members to the elimination of racial discrimination and the promotion of understanding among all races. The convention also requires its parties to criminalize hate speech and criminalize membership in racist organizations. The convention also includes an individual complaints mechanism, effectively making it enforceable against its parties. This has led to the development of a limited jurisprudence on the interpretation and implementation of the convention. The convention was adopted and opened for signature by the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 1965, and entered into force on 4 January 1969.

Apollo 8

Apollo 8, the second human spaceflight mission in the United States Apollo space program, was launched on December 21, 1968, and became the first manned spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, reach the Earth's Moon, orbit it and return safely to Earth. The three-astronaut crew — Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders — became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, the first to see Earth as a whole planet, the first to directly see the far side of the Moon, and then the first to witness Earthrise.

United States

The Geneva Conference on the Arab–Israeli conflict opens

The Geneva Conference of 1973 was an attempt to negotiate a solution to the Arab–Israeli conflict as envisioned in United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 following the called-for cease-fire to end the Yom Kippur War. After considerable "shuttle diplomacy" negotiations by Henry Kissinger, the conference opened on 21 December 1973 under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary General, with the United States and the USSR as co-chairmen.

1975 Australian Open

The 1975 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne in Australia and was held from 21 December 1974 to 1 January 1975. It was the 63rd edition of the Australian Open and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Australians John Newcombe and Evonne Goolagong Cawley.

Australia

1978 Dominican presidential election

An indirect presidential election was held on 21 December 1978 to elect the first President of Dominica. Fred Degazon was elected with the ruling Dominica Labour Party.

Dominica

Lancaster House Agreement

The Lancaster House Agreement is an agreement signed on 21 December 1979 in Lancaster House, following the conclusion of a constitutional conference where different parties discussed the future of Zimbabwe Rhodesia, formerly known as Rhodesia. The agreement effectively concluded the Rhodesian Bush War. It also marked the nullification of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, as British colonial authority was to be restored for a transitional period to internationally recognised independence, during which free elections under supervision by the British government would take place.

Spain 12–1 Malta

On 21 December 1983, Spain played Malta in the last qualification match for UEFA Euro 1984. Needing a victory by no less than 11 goals to qualify, Spain won the match 12–1. The game is often described as one of the most important in the Spanish national team's history.

Togolese presidential election, 1986

Presidential elections were held in Togo on 21 December 1986. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Rally of the Togolese People as the sole legal party. Its leader, incumbent President Gnassingbé Eyadéma, was the only candidate and was re-elected unopposed. Voter turnout was reported to be 99%.

Togo

1988 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election

The 1988 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election was held on 21 December 1988. The incumbent leader of the New Zealand Labour Party David Lange was re-elected with 69% of the vote. Until the August 2026 challenge to Christopher Luxon, it was the only instance when an incumbent New Zealand Prime Minister has been publicly challenged for leadership in a caucus vote.

Pan Am Flight 103

Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am flight from Frankfurt to Detroit, with stopovers in London and New York City. Shortly after 19:00 GMT on 21 December 1988, the Boeing 747 Clipper Maid of the Seas operating the transatlantic leg of the flight was destroyed by a bomb while flying over the Scottish town of Lockerbie.

Alma-Ata Protocol

The Alma-Ata Protocols were the founding declarations and principles of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus had agreed to the Belovezha Accords on 8 December 1991, declaring the Soviet Union dissolved and forming the CIS. On 21 December 1991, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan agreed to the Alma-Ata Protocols, formally establishing the CIS.

Martinair Flight 495

Martinair Flight 495 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operated by Dutch airline Martinair that crash-landed in severe weather conditions at Faro Airport, Portugal on 21 December 1992. The aircraft carried 13 crew members and 327 passengers, mainly holidaymakers from the Netherlands. The crash killed 54 passengers and 2 crew members; 106 of the other occupants were badly injured.

Portugal

Year End Spectacular (1995)

Year End Spectacular (1995) was the second Year End Spectacular professional wrestling event produced by Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). The event took place on December 21, 1995, at the Bunka Gym in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. The event aired as a television special on Gaora TV on January 26, 1996.

Yokohama, Japan

1996 Hong Kong provisional legislative election

The 1996 Hong Kong Provisional Legislative Council election was held on 21 December 1996 for the members of the Provisional Legislative Council (PLC). The 60 members of the PLC were elected by the Selection Committee, a 400-member body elected by the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, a Beijing-appointed body which was responsible for implementation work related to the establishment of the HKSAR.

Hong Kong

1996 AFC Asian Cup final

The 1996 AFC Asian Cup final was a football match which determined the winner of the 1996 AFC Asian Cup, the 11th edition of the AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of the Asian Football Confederation.

United Arab Emirates

UFC Japan: Ultimate Japan

UFC Japan: Ultimate Japan (also known as UFC 15.5) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on December 21, 1997 in Yokohama, Japan. The event was seen on pay per view in the United States, on cable TV in Japan, and was later released on home video.

Yokohama, Japan

1997–98 Lithuanian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Lithuania in December 1997 and January 1998. Artūras Paulauskas finished first in the first round on 21 December 1997 with a significant margin, with Valdas Adamkus finishing second, but neither received a majority of the vote. Adamkus defeated Paulauskas in the runoff, held on 4 January 1998. With a vote difference of 0.74%, it is the closest result in the history of presidential elections in Lithuania since 1993.

Lithuania

1997 FIFA Confederations Cup final

The 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup final was a football match to determine the winners of the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup. The match was held at King Fahd II Stadium, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on 21 December 1997, and was contested by Brazil and Australia. Brazil won the match 6–0.

Saudi Arabia

1997 Serbian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the Yugoslav province of Serbia on 7 December 1997, following the annulment of the results of the September–October elections due to low voter turnout.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Serbia

1999 Sri Lankan presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 21 December 1999. They were the fourth presidential elections held in the country's history. Incumbent president Chandrika Kumaratunga of the governing People's Alliance was re-elected for a second term, receiving 51% of the vote, defeating her main opponent Ranil Wickremesinghe of the United National Party.

Sri Lanka

Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216

Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 that overran the runway at La Aurora International Airport, Guatemala City, on 21 December 1999. 8 passengers and 8 crew members on board were killed as well as 2 people on the ground.

Falkirk West by-election, 2000

The Falkirk West by-election, 2000 was a parliamentary by-election held on 21 December 2000 for the Scottish constituency of Falkirk West. The vacancy was caused the resignation from the House of Commons of Dennis Canavan, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Falkirk West. Canavan had first been elected for West Stirlingshire in the October 1974 election as a Labour Party candidate, and had held that seat until its abolition in 1983. He had then won the new Falkirk West seat, and held that seat as a Labour MP until he was expelled from Labour in 1999.

United Kingdom

Arena Naucalpan 26th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 26th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 21, 2003 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 26th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held annual show in professional wrestling.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

2003 Russian gubernatorial elections

Gubernatorial elections in 2003 were held in 23 federal subjects of Russia. 16 incumbent governors re-elected.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Russia

2004 Forward Operating Base Marez bombing

The Forward Operating Base Marez bombing took place on December 21, 2004. Fourteen U.S. soldiers, four U.S. citizen Halliburton employees, and four Iraqi soldiers allied with the U.S. military were killed in an attack on a dining hall at the Forward Operating Base next to the main U.S. military airfield at Mosul.

Iraq

Arena Naucalpan 29th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 29th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 21, 2006 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 29th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held, annual show in professional wrestling.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

El Castillo del Terror (December 2008)

The December 2008 El Castillo del Terror (Spanish for "The Tower of Terror") was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on December 21, 2008. The El Castillo del Terror show was the ninth ever IWRG El Castillo del Terror event held and the second held in 2008, less than two months after the first 2008 El Castillo del Terror show. The main event was the eponymous Castillo del Terror (Spanish for "Tower of Terror") Steel cage match where the last person eliminated would be forced to take off his wrestling mask or have his hair shaved off as a result of the loss.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

2008 Korean FA Cup final

The 2008 Korean FA Cup final was a football match played on 21 December 2008 at Jeju Stadium in Jeju City that decided the champions of the 2008 Korean FA Cup. It was contested between Gyeongnam FC and Pohang Steelers, and kicked off at 13:25 (KST).

South Korea

2008 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2008 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup, an association football tournament for the champion clubs from each of FIFA's six continental confederations. The match took place at the International Stadium Yokohama, Japan, on 21 December 2008, and pitted LDU Quito of Ecuador, the CONMEBOL club champions, and Manchester United of England, the UEFA club champions.

Japan

Taiwan’s justice ministry approves six execution orders

On December 21, 2012, Taiwan’s Ministry of Justice approved execution orders for six death-row prisoners, including Tseng Szu-ju. The ministry’s dated announcement records the approval. This entry describes the order signed that day and does not assume every subsequent step took place at the same time.

Date of ministry approval, as stated in the ministry’s announcement.

Taiwan

Malaysian Chinese Association leadership election, 2013

A leadership election was held by the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) on 21 December 2013. It was won by then Deputy President of MCA, Liow Tiong Lai.

Malaysia

2013 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2013 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup, an association football tournament hosted by Morocco. It was the 10th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the winners of the six continental confederations as well as the host nation's league champions. The final was contested between German club Bayern Munich, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Moroccan club Raja Casablanca, representing the host country as the reigning champions of the Botola. It was played at the Stade de Marrakech in Marrakesh on 21 December 2013.

Arena Naucalpan 37th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 37th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 21, 2014 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 37th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held, annual show in professional wrestling.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

2014 W-League grand final (December)

The 2014 W-League grand final took place at nib Stadium in Perth, Western Australia on 21 December 2014.

2014 Tunisian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Tunisia on 23 November 2014, a month after parliamentary elections. They were the first free and fair presidential elections since the country gained independence in 1956, and the first direct presidential elections after the Tunisian Revolution of 2011 and the adoption of a new Constitution in January 2014.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Tunisia

Arena Naucalpan 39th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 39th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling supercard show produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 21, 2016 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The show celebrated the 39th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue.

Naucalpan, Mexico

Apertura 2017 Copa MX final

The Apertura 2017 Copa MX final was the final of the Apertura 2017 Copa MX, the eleventh edition of the Copa MX under its current format and 78th overall organized by the Mexican Football Federation, the governing body of association football in Mexico. The final was contested in a single leg format between Liga MX clubs Monterrey and Pachuca. The match was hosted by Monterrey at Estadio BBVA Bancomer in the Monterrey suburb of Guadalupe on 21 December 2017.

Mexico

2017 Rangpur City Corporation election

The 2017 Rangpur City Corporation election was a local government election in the city of Rangpur, Bangladesh, held on 21 December 2017 to elect the Mayor of Rangpur and the Rangpur City Council. The election resulted in a victory for the Jatiya Party (Ershad) candidate Mostafizar Rahman Mostafa.

Bangladesh

2017 Catalan regional election

A regional election was held in Catalonia on 21 December 2017 to elect the 12th Parliament of the autonomous community. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was called by Spanish prime minister Mariano Rajoy after the invocation of Article 155 of the 1978 Spanish Constitution to enforce direct rule in Catalonia and the subsequent dismissal of the Catalan government under President Carles Puigdemont.

UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. The Korean Zombie

UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. The Korean Zombie (also known as UFC Fight Night 165 and UFC on ESPN+ 23) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on December 21, 2019 at Sajik Arena in Busan, South Korea.

South Korea

2019 Maltese Super Cup

The 2019 Maltese Super Cup was the 35th Maltese Super Cup, an annual football match played between the title holders of the Maltese Premier League and the Maltese FA Trophy. It was contested on 21 December 2019 by Valletta – who won league, after defeating Hibernians in the decider and Balzan who won FA Trophy the previous season. Played at the Ta' Qali National Stadium, Valletta won the match 2–1.

2019 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2019 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup, an international club association football tournament hosted by Qatar. It was the 16th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the club champions from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions. The final was contested between English club Liverpool, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Brazilian club Flamengo, representing CONMEBOL as the reigning champions of the Copa Libertadores. The match was played at the Khalifa International Stadium in Al Rayyan on 21 December 2019.

Battle of Taroun (2020)

The Battle of Taroun took place between Niger and the Islamic State on December 21, 2020.

Niger

2023 Prague shootings

On 21 December 2023, a mass shooting occurred at Charles University's Faculty of Arts main building in central Prague, Czech Republic. A lone gunman, 24-year-old postgraduate student David Kozák, killed 13 people and injured 25 others before committing suicide after exchanging gunfire with police; an additional victim died indirectly from falling to her death while trying to escape the perpetrator.

Czechia

2024 Punjab, India local elections

Municipal elections were held in the Indian state of Punjab on 21 December 2024. The elections took place for 46 urban local bodies, including 5 municipal corporations and 41 municipal councils and nagar panchayats.

India

RevPro Uprising 2024

The 2024 Uprising was the twelfth Uprising professional wrestling supershow promoted by the British wrestling promotion Revolution Pro Wrestling (RevPro). The event also featured wrestlers from Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The event took place on 21 December 2024, at the York Hall in London, England. Seven matches were contested at the event.

London, United Kingdom

2024 Trofeo de Campeones de la Liga Profesional

On December 21, 2024, Estudiantes de La Plata defeated Vélez Sarsfield 3–0 in the Trofeo de Campeones de la Liga Profesional at the Estadio Único Madre de Ciudades in Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Argentina