12月20日发生过什么？

Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian

Marcus Antonius Primus (born between 20 AD and 35 AD – died after 81 AD) was a senator and general of the Roman Empire. He played a crucial role in Vespasian's accession during the turbulent Year of the Four Emperors, defeating the forces of emperor Vitellius and capturing Rome.

Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos is arrested by two of his sons, forced to abdicate and to live as a monk for the rest of his life

Romanos I Lakapenos or Lekapenos (Greek: Ῥωμανός Λακαπηνός or Λεκαπηνός, romanized: Rōmanos Lakapēnos or Lekapēnos; c. 870 – 15 June 948), Latinized as Romanus I Lacapenus or Romanus I Lecapenus, was Byzantine emperor from 920 until his deposition in 944, serving as regent for and senior co-ruler of the young Constantine VII.

Emperor Henry III convenes the synod of Sutri to mediate between different claimants to the papacy

Henry III (German: Heinrich III, 28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called Heinrich the Pious, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 until his death in 1056. A member of the Salian dynasty, he was the eldest son of Conrad II and Gisela of Swabia. Henry was raised by his father, who made him Duke of Bavaria in 1026, appointed him co-ruler in 1028 and bestowed him with the duchy of Swabia and the Kingdom of Burgundy ten years later in 1038.

Battle of Amroha

The Battle of Amroha was fought on 20 December 1305 between the armies of the Delhi Sultanate of India and the Mongol Chagatai Khanate of Central Asia. The Delhi force led by Malik Nayak defeated the Mongol army led by Ali Beg and Tartaq near Amroha in present-day Uttar Pradesh.

Cardinal Jacques Fournier, a Cistercian monk, is elected Pope Benedict XII

Pope Benedict XII (Latin: Benedictus XII, Italian: Benedetto XII, French: Benoît XII; 1285 – 25 April 1342), born Jacques Fournier, was a cardinal and inquisitor, and later, head of the Catholic Church from 30 December 1334 to his death, in April 1342. He was the third Avignon pope and reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism. Unable to remove his capital to Rome or Bologna, Benedict started the great palace at Avignon.

Fall of the Serbian Empire

The fall of the Serbian Empire was a decades-long process in the late 14th century. Following the death of the childless Emperor Stefan Uroš V in 1371, the Serbian Empire was left without an heir and the magnates, velikaši, obtained the rule of its provinces and districts (in so-called feudal fragmentation), continuing their offices as independent with titles such as gospodin, and despot, given to them during the Empire.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Sack of Delhi (1398)

The Sack of Delhi took place on 17 December 1398 between Timur – founder of the Timurid Empire – and Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sultan had war elephants among his ranks, something unknown to the steppe warriors at the time. Timur might have had camels loaded with kindling that was set on fire, releasing them to spread panic among the Indian elephants, who then trampled the sultan’s soldiers.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

India

Jayakarta War

The Jayakarta War (Indonesian: Perang Jayakarta; Dutch: Jayakarta-oorlog) was a military conflict in Jayakarta, Indonesia from 1618 to 1619 fought by an alliance of the British East India Company (EIC) and Jayakartan forces against the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The Anglo-Jayakartan forces inflicted significant losses on the Dutch during the war, and many Dutch lodges and forts were captured with the help of the Bantenese.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Gadebusch

The Battle of Gadebusch or Wakenstädt (20 December 1712) was Sweden's final great victory in the Great Northern War. It was fought by the Swedes to prevent the loss of the city of Stralsund to Danish and Saxon forces.

Germany

Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1719)

The Battle of Cape St Vincent was fought on 20 December 1719 as part of the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Occurring off Cape St. Vincent in the Atlantic Ocean, it was fought between a Royal Navy squadron of two ships of the line and a frigate under Commodore Philip Cavendish and a Spanish Navy squadron of three ships of the line under Rodrigo de Torres y Morales.

Prussian forces secure Breslau’s gates after the siege

By December 20, 1757, Prussian forces had control of all Breslau’s city gates after its Austrian-led defenders agreed to surrender. A letter from Frederick II dated at Breslau that day reported the surrender to Britain’s envoy. The Austrian and French garrison marched out the following day. Breslau is now Wrocław, Poland.

Prussian control of the gates and Frederick’s dated surrender report; the garrison marched out on December 21.

Poland

Action of 19 December 1796

The action of 19 December 1796 was a minor naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars, fought in the last stages of the Mediterranean campaign between two British Royal Navy frigates and two Spanish Navy frigates off the coast of Murcia. The British squadron was the last remaining British naval force in the Mediterranean, sent to transport the British garrison of Elba to safety under the command of Commodore Horatio Nelson.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833)

In December 1832, the United Kingdom sent two naval vessels to re-assert British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), after the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (part of which later became Argentina) ignored British diplomatic protests over the appointment of Luis Vernet as governor of the Falkland Islands and a dispute over fishing rights.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Falkland Islands

Sarawak Uprising of 1836

The Sarawak Uprising of 1836 or informally known as the Siniawan War was an armed conflict against Brunei led by a former governor of Sarawak, Datu Patinggi Ali. This war would lead to the demise of the Bruneian Empire and would open the doors of a new Sarawak after the war's end under the White Rajah, James Brooke who would modernise Sarawak to the European standard.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Malaysia

1842 Newfoundland general election

The 1842 Newfoundland general election was held on December 20, 1842, to elect the members of the 3rd General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Newfoundland Colony. The original constitution was suspended following conflict between the House of Assembly and the Legislative Council, and Governor John Harvey combined the two legislatures into an amalgamated assembly.

French presidential election: Having won the popular vote in a landslide, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is inaugurated in the chamber of the National Assembly as the first (and only) president of the French Second Republic

Presidential elections were held for the first time in France on 10 and 11 December 1848, electing the first and only president of the Second Republic. This election marked the birth of the Second Republic and the dramatic end of the July Monarchy, a transformation born of the February Revolution's fervour. The election ended in a landslide victory for Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, nephew of Napoleon I, who won 74% of the popular vote.

1849 United States Senate elections in California

The 1849 United States Senate elections in California were held on December 20, 1849, by the California State Legislature to elect two U.S. Senators (Class 1 and Class 3) to represent the State of California in the United States Senate. Democrats John C. Frémont and William M. Gwin were elected over several other challengers.

California, United States

Battle of Berea

The Battle of Berea was a battle between British forces under Sir George Cathcart and Basuto-Taung forces under King Moshoeshoe I that took place on 20 December 1852. The battle began when British forces broke into three columns and crossed the Caledon River in southern Africa, with the goal of seizing Basuto cattle as a form of punishment for past Basuto cattle raiding.

Lesotho

1860 United States Senate election in Arkansas

A senatorial election was held in Arkansas on December 20, 1860, as part of the 1860–61 United States Senate elections. The Democratic former Arkansas representative Charles B. Mitchel defeated Samuel H. Hempstead and the former chief justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court George C. Watkins. The incumbent senator Robert W. Johnson did not seek re-election. The Arkansas General Assembly met on December 20, 1860, to elect Johnson's successor.

Arkansas, United States

Battle of Dranesville

The Battle of Dranesville was a small battle during the American Civil War that took place between Confederate forces under Brigadier General J. E. B. Stuart and Union forces under Brigadier General Edward O. C. Ord on December 20, 1861, in Fairfax County, Virginia, as part of Major General George B. McClellan's operations in northern Virginia. The two forces on similar winter-time patrols encountered and engaged one another in the crossroads village of Dranesville. The battle resulted in a Union victory.

Fairfax County, Virginia, United States

Holly Springs Raid

The Holly Springs Raid (December 20, 1862) saw Earl Van Dorn lead Confederate cavalry against a Union supply depot at Holly Springs, Mississippi during the American Civil War. The mounted raiders achieved complete surprise, capturing the Federal garrison and destroying $1.5 million of supplies intended for Ulysses S. Grant's army. In the following days, Van Dorn's troopers moved north along the Mississippi Central Railroad almost to Bolivar, Tennessee, destroying track and bridges, before escaping into northern Mississippi.

Mississippi, United States

1867 United States Senate election in California

The 1867 United States Senate election in California was held on December 20, 1867, by the California State Legislature to elect a U.S. senator (Class 1) to represent the State of California in the United States Senate. In a special joint session, former Democratic State Printer Eugene Casserly was elected over fellow Democratic former Congressman from Illinois Joseph P. Hoge.

California, United States

Battle of Monnaie

The Battle of Monnaie, also known as the Battle of Tours was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War. It took place on the December 20, 1870 at Indre-et-Loire, France. During this engagement, a Hanover division of the Imperial German Army under the command of General Schwarzkoppen, belonging to Legion X under the command of Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz attacked and won the victory against an army of Garde Mobile's 234 led by General Ferry Pisani, driving the French to Langreais.

France

1871 United States Senate election in California

The 1871 United States Senate election in California was held on December 20, 1871, by the California State Legislature to elect a U.S. senator (Class 3) to represent the State of California in the United States Senate. In a special joint session, Republican Congressman Aaron A. Sargent was elected over Democratic State Supreme Court Justice William T. Wallace.

California, United States

1875–1876 New Zealand general election

The 1875–1876 New Zealand general election was held between 20 December 1875 and 29 January 1876 to elect a total of 88 MPs in 73 electorates to the 6th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori vote was held on 4 and 15 January 1876. A total of 56,471 voters were registered.

New Zealand

1876 Christchurch mayoral election

The 1876 Christchurch City mayoral election was the first election for the Mayor of Christchurch held by public vote. The election, held on 20 December, was won by James Gapes, who beat fellow city councillor Charles Thomas Ick.

New Zealand

Battle of Bronkhorstspruit

The Battle of Bronkhorstspruit was the first major engagement of the First Boer War. It took place by the Bronkhorstspruit river, near the town of Bronkhorstspruit, Transvaal, on 20 December 1880. Threatened by the growing numbers of militant Boers in the Pretoria region, the British recalled the 94th Regiment of Foot, which had several companies garrisoned in towns and villages across the wider area.

Greek legislative election, 1881

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 20 December 1881. Supporters of Charilaos Trikoupis emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, with 125 of the 245 seats. Trikoupis became Prime Minister on 15 March 1883.

Greece

Battle of Suakin

The Battle of Suakin (also known as the Battle of Gemaizah) occurred on 20 December 1888 when Francis Grenfell defeated the Mahdi forces near Suakin, a chief port of Sudan. After one and a half hours of fighting, the casualties were 12 on the side of the British and Egyptians, and 1,000 on the side of the Arabs. In this battle, three of the swords of the 20th Hussars broke short, an incident which later caused debate in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. From Suakin, a sortie was launched against Osman Digna and his Dervish forces, who were attempting to capture the Water Forts.

Suakin, Sudan

Korean invasion of Manchuria

The Korean Empire invasion of Manchuria was an invasion of Manchuria (Northeast China, then ruled by the Qing dynasty) by the Korean Empire. The attack began on 11 August 1902, when Gojong of Korea sent Yi Bum-yun to Jiandao (also called "Gando" in Korea) as an observer. The attack ended in victory for Korea, which gained some control over Jiandao until the Gando Convention of 1909.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

1911 North Ayrshire by-election

The 1911 North Ayrshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 20 December 1911. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

United Kingdom

Capture of Korytsa

The Capture of Korytsa by the Hellenic armed forces, happened on 20 December 1912, during the First Balkan War.

First Battle of Champagne

The First Battle of Champagne (French: 1ère Bataille de Champagne) was fought from 20 December 1914 – 17 March 1915 in World War I in the Champagne region of France. The battle was fought by the French Fourth Army and the German 3rd Army. It was the first offensive by the Allies against the Germans since mobile warfare had ended after the Race to the Sea from 17 September – 19 October and the defensive battles in Flanders of the Battle of the Yser and the First Battle of Ypres from 19 October – 22 November 1914.

France

On 20 December 1917, the Council of People's Commissars officially established the All-Russia Extraordinary Commission to Combat Counter-revolution and Sabotage—commonly known as the Cheka (based on the Russian acronym ВЧК)

Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (11 September [O.S. 30 August] 1877 – 20 July 1926), nicknamed Iron Felix (Russian: Железный Феликс), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician of Polish origin. From 1917 until his death in 1926, he led the first three Soviet secret police organizations—the Cheka, the GPU and the OGPU—establishing state security organs for the new Soviet government.

Spen Valley by-election, 1919

The Spen Valley by-election of 1919 was held on 20 December 1919. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Coalition Liberal MP, Thomas Palmer Whittaker. It was won by the Labour candidate Tom Myers, who had contested the constituency at the 1918 general election The poll came at the same time as a serious split in the Liberal Party over continuing support for the coalition government: Colonel B C Fairfax was nominated as the Coalition Liberal candidate while Sir John Simon stood as an Independent Liberal.

United Kingdom

1937 Romanian general election

General elections were held in Romania in December 1937. The Chamber of Deputies was elected on 20 December, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 22, 28 and 30 December. Voting was by universal male suffrage, making them the last elections held before women could vote. The National Liberal Party remained the largest party, winning 152 of the 387 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 97 of the 112 the Senate seats.

The "joint technical commissions" required by the pact were established by agreement on 20 December 1940

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano, and Saburō Kurusu (in that order) and in the presence of Adolf Hitler. It was a defensive military alliance that was eventually joined by Hungary (20 November 1940), Romania (23 November 1940), Slovakia (24 November 1940), Bulgaria (1 March 1941), and Yugoslavia (25 March 1941).

Captain America Comics #1, containing the first appearance of the superhero Captain America, is published

Captain America is a superhero created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby who appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Captain America Comics #1, published on December 20, 1940, by Timely Publications, a corporate predecessor to Marvel. Captain America's civilian identity is Steven "Steve" Rogers, a frail man rejected by the United States Army for physical unfitness who is enhanced to the peak of human physical perfection by an experimental "super-soldier serum".

Kursk–Oboyan Operation

The Kursk–Oboyan Offensive Operation in December 1941 – January 1942 was a front–line offensive operation of the Soviet Troops of the right wing of the Southwestern Front. An integral part of the winter counter–offensive of the Red Army of 1941–1942. Stubborn fighting in the Belgorod Direction continued for 70 days and ended in vain after mutual exhaustion of forces and the onset of mud.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Mars

Operation Mars (Russian: Операция «Марс»), also known as the Second Rzhev-Sychevka Offensive Operation (Russian: Вторая Ржевско-Сычёвская наступательная операция), was the codename for an offensive launched by Soviet forces against German forces during World War II. It took place between 25 November and 20 December 1942 around the Rzhev salient in the vicinity of Moscow. The offensive was a joint operation of the Soviet Western Front and Kalinin Front co-ordinated by Georgy Zhukov.

Rzhev, Russia · Velikiye Luki, Russia

Operation Robson

Operation Robson (20 December 1944) was the first of a series of aerial operations, Operation Outflank, undertaken by the British Pacific Fleet (BPF) against the oil refineries of Japanese-occupied Sumatra during World War II. Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas, proposed a strike on the refineries to Admiral Bruce Fraser, commander of the BPF, during a meeting in early December.

Battle of Desivojca

The Battle of Desivojca took place on 19 December 1944 during World War II, between Yugoslav Partisans and Balli Kombëtar forces, in the territory of German occupied Albania.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Albania · Kosovo

An earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan causes a tsunami which kills at least one thousand people and destroys 36,000 homes

The 1946 Nankai earthquake (昭和南海地震 Shōwa Nankai jishin) was a great earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan. It occurred on December 21, 1946, at 04:19 JST (December 20, 19:19 UTC). The earthquake measured between 8.1 and 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, and was felt from Northern Honshū to Kyūshū. It occurred more than two years after the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake, which ruptured the adjacent part of the Nankai megathrust.

Jingshan–Zhongxiang Campaign

The Jingshan–Zhongxiang Campaign was a half-year-long struggle in Hubei between the nationalists and the communists for the control of Jingshan and Zhongxiang regions during the Chinese Civil War; it resulted in communist victory. In the second half of 1947, Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping and Li Xiannian decided to reestablish Jianghan (江汉) Military Region by combining the communist 5th Division from southern Shaanxi and the communist force in western Hubei in the Dabie Mountains, and Zhao Jimei (赵基梅) was named as the first commander.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Liuwandashan

Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Liuwandashan was a counter-guerrilla / counterinsurgency campaign the communists fought against the nationalist guerrilla that was mostly consisted of bandits and nationalist regular troops left behind after the nationalist regime withdrew from mainland China. The campaign was fought during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era in the region of Liuwandashan (六万大山, literally meaning Sixty-Thousand Great Mountains) in Guangxi and resulted in communist victory.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

1951 Antiguan general election

General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 20 December 1951. The election was the first in Antigua and Barbuda to be held under universal suffrage. Vere Bird formed the Antigua Labour Party in 1951 and led the party to victory, winning all eight elected seats on the legislative council. Voter turnout was 70%.

Antigua and Barbuda

1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash

The 1952 Moses Lake C-124 crash was an accident in which a United States Air Force Douglas C-124 Globemaster II military transport aircraft crashed near Moses Lake, Washington on December 20, 1952. Of the 115 people on board, 87 died and 28 survived. The crash was the world's deadliest aviation disaster at the time, surpassing the Llandow air disaster, which killed 80 people.

UK government says it will recognize Cardiff as Wales’s capital

In a written answer to Parliament on December 20, 1955, Home Secretary Gwilym Lloyd George said the British government would recognize Cardiff as the capital of Wales. He said no further formal measure was needed to put that decision into effect.

Parliamentary written answer, not a separate statute or proclamation.

United Kingdom

The initial production version of the Boeing 707 makes its first flight

The Boeing 707 is an early American long-range narrow-body airliner, the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Developed from the Boeing 367-80 prototype, the initial 707-120 first flew on December 20, 1957. Pan Am, the launch customer, began regular service with the 707 on October 26, 1958. With versions produced until 1979, the 707 is a swept wing quadjet with podded engines.

National Liberation Front of South Vietnam is founded in Tây Ninh

Representatives meeting in Tân Lập village in Tây Ninh Province founded the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam on December 20, 1960. The front became a major political organization in the conflict against the South Vietnamese government and its allies. This date marks the front’s founding, not the beginning of the wider Vietnam War.

Founding meeting at Tân Lập, Tây Ninh, on December 20, 1960.

Vietnam

Dominican Republic general election, 1962

General elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 20 December 1962. They were the first after the end of the Trujillo dictatorship two years earlier, and are generally reckoned as the first truly free elections in the country's history. Juan Bosch of the Dominican Revolutionary Party won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the Congressional elections. There was also an election for a Constitutional Assembly, whose role was to amend certain articles of the constitution. However, reforms implemented by Bosch alienated the American government and the local oligarchy, leading to a coup the following year.

Dominican Republic

Operation Harvest Moon

Operation Harvest Moon/Lien Ket 18 was a US Marine Corps and Army of the Republic of Vietnam search and destroy operation in the Quế Sơn Valley in western Quảng Tín Province, lasting from 8 to 20 December 1965.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1971 Pakistan Military Officers' Revolt

1971 Pakistan Military Officer's Revolt, also known as the Majors and Colonels Revolt, refers to the deposition of the Yahya Khan's regime in Pakistan by Pakistani military officers such as Brigadier Farrukh Bakht Ali, Brigadier Iqbal Mehdi Shah, Colonel Aleem Afridi, Colonel Agha Javed Iqbal, Lt Col Mohammed Khursheed Hussain and other officers. Their goal was to overthrow the government and transferring power to the elected civilian representatives.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Pakistan

1972 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election

An election for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Australia took place on 20 December 1972, following former prime minister William McMahon's resignation after his defeat at the 1972 federal election. Billy Snedden was successful in winning the leadership, narrowly beating Nigel Bowen by 30 votes to 29 on the fifth ballot. The previous ballot was tied at 29 each, with one MP not voting.

Spanish prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco is assassinated

On December 20, 1973, Spanish prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco was killed in Madrid when the Basque separatist group ETA detonated explosives beneath his car’s route.

Spain

1976 Mauritian general election

General elections were held in Mauritius on 20 December 1976. They were the first general elections to be held since independence on 12 March 1968 and came nine years after the previous elections in 1967. Although elections had been scheduled for 1972, they were cancelled by the Labour Party–Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate–Muslim Committee of Action coalition government due to political unrest.

With the approval of the State Council, China's two largest newspapers, the People's Daily and the Guangming Daily, publish in full for the first time the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme

The State Council of China, synonymous with Central People's Government, is the supreme administrative organ of the country's unified state apparatus and the executive organ of the National People's Congress (NPC), the supreme organ of state power. It is composed of a premier, vice premiers, state councilors, ministers, chairpersons of commissions, an auditor-general, the governor of the People's Bank of China, and a secretary-general.

Battle of Tripoli (1983)

The Battle of Tripoli (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة طَرَابُلُس, romanized: Maʿrakat Ṭarābulus) was a major battle during the middle of the Lebanese Civil War in late 1983. It took place in the northern coastal city of Tripoli between pro-Syrian Palestinian militant factions and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasser Arafat. It resulted in the withdrawal of PLO and mostly ended their involvement in the war.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Lebanon

Summit Tunnel fire

On 20 December 1984 a dangerous goods train passing through the Summit Tunnel on the Greater Manchester/West Yorkshire border, caught fire on the rail line between Littleborough and Todmorden, England.

England, United Kingdom

Twelve-year-old Jonelle Matthews disappeared from her home in Greeley, Colorado; her body was not discovered until 2019

Jonelle Renee Matthews was a 12-year-old American girl who disappeared near Greeley, Colorado, on December 20, 1984. Her remains were discovered on July 24, 2019, by construction workers installing a new pipeline 15 miles (24 km) from her home. Steven Pankey was sentenced to life imprisonment on October 31, 2022, after his arrest and trial for Matthews's murder.

The deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history occurred when the MV Doña Paz (pictured) sank after colliding with an oil tanker in the Tablas Strait in the Philippines, resulting in an estimated 4,385 deaths

MV Doña Paz was a Japanese-built and Philippine-registered passenger ferry that sank after she collided with the oil tanker MT Vector on December 20, 1987. Built by Onomichi Dockyard Co., Ltd. (Onomichi Zosen) of Hiroshima, Japan, the ship was launched on April 25, 1963 as the Himeyuri Maru with a passenger capacity of 608. In October 1975, the Himeyuri Maru was bought by Sulpicio Lines and renamed the Don Sulpicio.

United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is one of three major drug control treaties currently in force. It provides additional legal mechanisms for enforcing the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The Convention entered into force on November 11, 1990. As of June 2020, there are 191 Parties to the convention.

War on drugs: The United Nations agrees upon and promulgates the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, one of three major drug control treaties currently in force.

Raid at Renacer Prison

The Raid at Renacer Prison was an attack on the El Renacer prison in Gamboa, Panama, by units of the 82nd Airborne Division of the U.S. Army on December 20, 1989, during the United States invasion of Panama. The raid successfully freed 64 hostages.

Panama

Capture of Torrijos Airport

The Capture of Torrijos Airport took place as an opening action of the United States invasion of Panama, and was fought between the U.S. military and the Panama Defense Forces (PDF) on 20 December 1989. The goal of this operation was to capture the Panamanian Air Force, headquartered at the airport, and to close the airport to traffic coming into Panama.

Panama

Battle of Rio Hato Airfield

The Battle of Rio Hato Airfield took place as an opening action of the United States invasion of Panama, and was fought between the U.S military and the Panama Defense Forces (PDF) on 20 December 1989. The action saw US paratroopers launch a surprise attack against the PDF at Rio Hato, the largest PDF military base in the country, approximately seventy miles south of Panama City.

Panama

Battle of Paitilla Airport

The Battle of Paitilla Airport took place between members of the Panama Defense Forces and United States Navy SEALs, on 20 December 1989, in the opening hours of the United States invasion of Panama. The US force consisted of forty-eight members of SEAL Team 4 (Platoons Golf, Bravo, and Delta) under the command of Lt. Cmdr. Patrick Toohey.

Panama

Battle of Pacora River Bridge

The Battle of Pacora River Bridge took place as an opening action of the United States invasion of Panama and was fought between the United States Special Forces (commonly referred to as the Green Berets) with air support from the 1st Special Operations Wing of the United States Air Force and the Panama Defense Forces Battalion 2000.

Panama

United States invasion of Panama

The United States invasion of Panama began in mid-December 1989 during the presidency of George H. W. Bush. The purpose of the invasion was to depose the de facto ruler of Panama, General Manuel Noriega, who was wanted by U.S. authorities for racketeering and drug trafficking. The operation, codenamed Operation Just Cause, concluded in late January 1990 with the surrender of Noriega.

The United States invasion of Panama deposes Manuel Noriega.

Operation Acid Gambit

Operation Acid Gambit took place as an opening action of the United States invasion of Panama, on 20 December 1989. It was a U.S. Delta Force operation that retrieved Kurt Muse, a rumored asset of the Central Intelligence Agency, operating in Panama who had been arrested for leading a plot with other Panamanians to overthrow the government of Panama, from the Cárcel Modelo, a notorious prison in Panama City.

Panama

Serbian general election, 1992

General elections were held in the Republic of Serbia on 20 December 1992. The vote was held only two years after the previous election, and as a result of a referendum which approved holding early elections. The elections were won by Slobodan Milošević and his Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), which won 101 of the 250 seats in the National Assembly.

Serbia

1993 Bataan gubernatorial recall election

The 1993 Bataan gubernatorial recall election was held on December 20, 1993 in the province of Bataan, Philippines. Former governor Ding Roman defeated incumbent Tet Garcia in the recall election to become governor of Bataan.

Philippines

American Airlines Flight 965

American Airlines Flight 965 was a regularly scheduled flight from Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida, to Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport in Cali, Colombia. On December 20, 1995, the Boeing 757 flying this route crashed into a mountain in Buga, Colombia, around 9:40 pm local time killing 151 of the 155 passengers and all 8 crew members.

Colombia · Florida, United States

1995 Mauritian general election

General elections were held in Mauritius on 20 December 1995. The result was a landslide victory for the Labour Party-Mauritian Militant Movement alliance led by Navin Ramgoolam, which won all 60 constituency seats on Mauritius. Along with 1982, it was one of three elections in which a party won every seat. The Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) led by Anerood Jugnauth lost power after 13 years, with Jugnauth resigning two days after the results were announced.

Arena Naucalpan 21st Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 21st Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 20, 1998 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 21st Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held annual show in professional wrestling.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

Arena Naucalpan 24th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 24th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 20, 2001 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 24th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held annual show in professional wrestling.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

MLW King of Kings

King of Kings was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on December 20, 2002 at the War Memorial Auditorium in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Satoshi Kojima retained the MLW World Heavyweight Championship against Vampiro.

Florida, United States

KCR West Rail opens in Hong Kong

Hong Kong’s Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation opened West Rail on December 20, 2003, connecting communities in the northwestern New Territories with urban Kowloon. The route later became the West Rail Line and is now part of the MTR Tuen Ma line.

Hong Kong

2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive

The 2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive is the period in the Somali Civil War that began in May 2006 with the Islamic Courts Union's (ICU) conquest of Mogadishu from the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) and continued with further ICU expansion in the country. A popular uprising occurred in support of the Courts against the Somali warlord alliance.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Somalia

2006 Belgian Super Cup

The 2006 Belgian Supercup was a football match between the winners of the previous season's 2005–06 Belgian First Division and 2005–06 Belgian Cup competitions. It was played and abandoned at halftime on 22 July 2006, due to excessive rain and later replayed from the beginning on 20 December 2006. The match was contested by cup winners Zulte Waregem and league champions Anderlecht.

Arena Naucalpan 30th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 30th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 20, 2007 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. As the name implies the show celebrated the 30th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue in 1977. The show is IWRG's longest running show, predating IWRG being founded in 1996 and is the fourth oldest, still held, annual show in professional wrestling.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

Elizabeth II becomes the oldest monarch in the history of the United Kingdom, surpassing Queen Victoria, who lived for 81 years and 243 days

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during her lifetime and was the monarch of 15 realms at her death.

2008 Nampala attack

On December 20, 2008, Tuareg rebels from the Niger-Mali Tuareg Alliance attacked Malian forces in Nampala, Mali.

Mali

Final Resolution (2009)

The 2009 Final Resolution was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, which took place on December 20, 2009 at the TNA Impact! Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the sixth event under the Final Resolution chronology and the last TNA pay-per-view to use a six-sided ring until Destination X 2011.

December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres

The Jabal al-Zawiya massacres took place on 19–20 December 2011, in the Idlib province of Syria during the 2011-2012 Idlib Governorate clashes between the Ba'athist Syrian Army and opposition forces, within the larger scope of the Syrian uprising. Human rights and opposition activists said that some 200 people were killed by Ba'athist Syrian security forces in the hills and villages of the north-western province of Idlib on 19 and 20 December 2011.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

Arena Naucalpan 35th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 35th Anniversary Show was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 20, 2012 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The show celebrated the 35th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpann, IWRG's main venue. The main event was a five team steel cage match contested under elimination rules. The teams were La Familia de Tijuana (Damian 666 and X-Fly), Los Hermanos Dinamita, Jr. (Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 and Máscara Año 2000, Jr.) and the father/son duos of Dr.

Naucalpan, Mexico

Leyenda de Plata (2014)

The Leyenda de Plata (2014) was professional wrestling tournament produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council") that ran from December 20, 2013, over the course of three of CMLL's Friday night shows in Arena México with the finals on January 3, 2014. The annual Leyenda de Plata tournament is held in honor of lucha libre legend El Santo and is one of CMLL's most important annual tournaments.

Mexico City, Mexico

Second Battle of Bama

On 20 December 2013, jihadists from Boko Haram attacked the city of Bama for the second time that year, following the First Battle of Bama in May.

Nigeria

UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Dollaway

UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Dollaway (also known as UFC Fight Night 58) was a mixed martial arts event held at the Ginásio José Corrêa in Barueri, Brazil on December 20, 2014.

Brazil

Liberian Senate election, 2014

Senate elections were held in Liberia on 20 December 2014, with half the seats in the Senate up for election.

Liberia

2014 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2014 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2014 FIFA Club World Cup, a football tournament hosted by Morocco. It was the 11th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a tournament organised by FIFA between the winners of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions. The final was contested between Spanish club Real Madrid, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Argentine club San Lorenzo, representing CONMEBOL as the reigning champions of the Copa Libertadores. It was played at the Stade de Marrakech in Marrakesh on 20 December 2014.

2014 Indian Super League final

The 2014 Indian Super League final was an association football match between the Kerala Blasters and ATK played on 20 December 2014, at the DY Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai. The match was the final match to determine the inaugural champions of the Indian Super League for the 2014 season. The Kerala Blasters had qualified for the final through defeating the first-place regular season side, Chennaiyin, 4–3 on aggregate.

2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election

The 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election was held in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in five phases from 25 November – 20 December 2014. Voters elected 87 members to the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 23 December 2014. Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) along with EVMs were used in 3 assembly seats out of 87 in Jammu Kashmir elections.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Islamic State affiliated terrorist attacks in France

ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France refers to the terrorist activity of the Islamic State in France, including attacks committed by Islamic State-inspired lone wolves. The French military operation Opération Sentinelle has been ongoing in France since the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Arena Naucalpan 38th Anniversary Show

The Arena Naucalpan 38th Anniversary Show was a major annual professional wrestling event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on December 20, 2015 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The show celebrated the 38th Anniversary of the construction of Arena Naucalpan, IWRG's main venue. In the main event the team known as Los Insoportables ("The Unbearables"; Eterno and Apolo Estrada Jr.) defeated Los Terribles Cerebros ("The Terrible Brains"; Black Terry and Dr. Cerebro), as a result of their loss Black Terry and Dr. Cerebro had all their hair shaved off under Luchas de Apuestas rules.

Naucalpan, Mexico

2015 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2015 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup, an association football tournament hosted by Japan. It was the 12th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the winners of the six continental confederations as well as the host nation's league champions. The final was contested between Argentine club River Plate, representing CONMEBOL as the reigning champions of the Copa Libertadores and Spanish club Barcelona, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the International Stadium in Yokohama on 20 December 2015.

2015 Indian Super League final

The 2015 Indian Super League final was a football match between Goa and Chennaiyin who reached the final of 2015 Indian Super League played on 20 December 2015 at the Fatorda Stadium in Goa.

2015–16 New Democracy leadership election

The 2015–16 New Democracy leadership election refers to the two-round election to determine the next president of New Democracy, after the resignation of Antonis Samaras on 5 July 2015. The first round was held on 20 December 2015 and the second round was held on 10 January 2016. Kyriakos Mitsotakis was elected as the new president.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Greece

Aerosucre Flight 157 crashes during takeoff from Germán Olano Airport in Puerto Carreño, Colombia, killing five people

Aerosucre Flight 157 was a domestic cargo flight from Germán Olano Airport in Puerto Carreño, Colombia, to El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá. On 20 December 2016, the Boeing 727-2J0F operating the route overran the runway during takeoff, striking the perimeter fence and other obstacles before becoming airborne, ultimately losing control and crashing 4 nmi (4.6 mi; 7.4 km) from the airport.

2018 Japan–South Korea radar lock-on dispute

The 2018 Japan–South Korea radar lock-on dispute is about an incident between a Japanese airplane and a South Korean warship. The aircraft was part of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), while the vessel was part of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). The event occurred on 20 December 2018, without the firing of any weapon, and was followed by a large diplomatic dispute between Japan and South Korea.

2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election

Legislative Assembly elections were held in Jharkhand, India, from 30 November to 20 December 2019 to elect the 81 members of the 5th Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. Results were declared on 23 December 2019. The pre-election term of the Assembly was set to end on 27 December 2019.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

India

The United States Space Force becomes the first new branch of the United States Armed Forces since 1947

The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It was established on 20 December 2019 as part of the United States Department of Defense. It is one of the six armed forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States.

2020 Thai Provincial Administrative Organization election

Local elections were held in Thailand on 20 December 2020 to elect members and leaders of Provincial Administrative Organizations (PAO) in 76 provinces. The elections were the first provincial elections held since the 2014 military coup.

Thailand

2020 Scottish Cup final

The 2020 Scottish Cup final was the 135th final of the Scottish Cup and concluded the covid-delayed 2019–20 Scottish Cup. Played on 20 December 2020, the final was won by holders Celtic in a penalty shootout to beat Heart of Midlothian after the match ended 3–3 after extra time. The Victory gave Celtic an unprecedented fourth successive domestic treble. The same teams had contested the 2019 Scottish Cup Final.

Glasgow, United Kingdom

2020 Mostar municipal elections

Municipal elections were held in Mostar on 20 December 2020 to elect members of the City Council and the mayor of Mostar. The elections were part of the Bosnian municipal elections, although the elections in the rest of the country the elections were held earlier, on 15 November.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2020)

The 2020 TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE, held for wrestlers from the promotion's main roster brands, Raw and SmackDown. It was the 12th annual and final TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs and took place on December 20, 2020, from the WWE ThunderDome, a bio-secure bubble that at the time was hosted at Tropicana Field in St.

2020 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final

The 2020 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final is the 47th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 2020 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship, an inter-county ladies' Gaelic football tournament for the county teams of Ireland. There was no audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cork led by a goal at half-time, but Dublin pushed past them in the second half to win a fourth All-Ireland in a row.

Ireland

2022 Gambian coup attempt

The 2022 Gambian coup attempt was a military coup d'état attempt which took place in The Gambia on 20 December 2022. Reportedly, some soldiers attempted to overthrow the government of President Adama Barrow. Four soldiers were arrested on suspicion of involvement. The Gambian military initially denied that any such coup attempt took place. It also went after three other alleged conspirators.

The Gambia

2022 Bannu counterterrorism centre attack and siege

On 18 December 2022, the Pakistani Taliban carried out an attack on a counterterrorism centre in the Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They took the officers hostage until 20 December, when Pakistan's security forces lay siege to the centre, releasing all the hostages and killing 25 militants inside. Two officers were killed during the siege.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Pakistan

2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election

General elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 20 December 2023. Combined elections were held for the President, 484 of the 500 members of the National Assembly, 700 of the 716 elected members of the 26 provincial assemblies, and for the first time under the new constitution, 951 members of a scaled down number of commune (municipal) councils.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

2023 Territory Labor Party leadership election

The 2023 Territory Labor Party leadership election was held on 20 December 2023 to elect a new leader of the Territory Labor Party and ex officio, Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, following the resignation of Natasha Fyles as Chief Minister. Eva Lawler was elected unopposed on 20 December. The only other declared candidate, Nicole Manison, chose to support Lawler and decided to move to the backbench following the election.

2023 Albanian Supercup

The 2023 Albanian Supercup was the 30th edition of the Albanian Supercup, an annual Albanian football match. The teams were decided by taking the trophy winners of the previous season's Kategoria Superiore champions and the winners of the Albanian Cup. The match was contested by Partizani, champions of the 2022–23 Kategoria Superiore, and Egnatia, the 2022–23 Albanian Cup winners.

2024 Magdeburg car attack

On 20 December 2024, an SUV was driven into a crowd at the Christmas market in Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, killing 6 people and injuring 309 others. The driver of the car, 50-year-old anti-Islam activist Taleb Al-Abdulmohsen, was arrested at the scene. German authorities have described the perpetrator as an Islamophobe. Investigators continue to search for a motive, which remains unknown.

Germany

Battle of Ann

In September 2024, the Arakan Army (AA) launched an offensive to capture the town of Ann in Myanmar, the location of the headquarters of the Myanmar military's Western Command. The battle was a culmination of a year-long offensive by the Arakan Army to capture the entirety of Rakhine State. The battle ultimately resulted in the total defeat of junta forces on 20 December 2024 and the capture of Ann and Ann Airport by Arakan Army forces.

Myanmar