2月11日发生过什么？

Battle of Welfesholz

The Battle of Welfesholz was fought on 11 February 1115 between the Imperial army of the Emperor Henry V and a rebellious Saxon force.

Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Battle of Mansurah (1250)

The Battle of Mansurah was fought from 8 to 11 February 1250, between Crusaders led by Louis IX, King of France, and Ayyubid forces led by Egypt's Sultana Shajar al-Durr, vizier Fakhr al-Din ibn al-Shaykh, Faris ad-Din Aktai, Baybars and Qutuz. It was fought in present-day Mansoura, Egypt. The Crusader force was enticed into entering the town where it was set upon by the Muslim force.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Egypt

Canterbury clergy conditionally recognize Henry VIII as supreme head

On 11 February 1531, the Convocation of Canterbury accepted Henry VIII’s claim to be supreme head of the English church and clergy, with the qualification “as far as the law of Christ allows.” This preceded the parliamentary Act of Supremacy of 1534.

The source calendar’s year 1534 conflated this qualified clerical recognition in 1531 with the later Act of Supremacy. February 11 follows the contemporary Old Style day with a January-start year.

United Kingdom

Battle of Quilacura

Battle of Quilacura took place during the Arauco War, fought at night, four leagues from the Bio-Bio River, between the Spanish expedition of Pedro de Valdivia and a force of Mapuche warriors led by Malloquete on February 11, 1546.

Sarmiento de Gamboa founds Nombre de Jesús

On 11 February 1584, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa founded the Spanish settlement Nombre de Jesús on the Strait of Magellan, in present-day Argentina. A second settlement near modern Punta Arenas was established separately.

Argentina

Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)

The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586) or the Capture of Cartagena de Indias was a military and naval action fought on 9–11 February 1586, of the recently declared Anglo-Spanish War that resulted in the assault and capture by English soldiers and sailors of the Spanish colony city of Cartagena de Indias (now part of Colombia) governed by Pedro de Bustos on the Spanish Main.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Colombia

Battle of Vittsjö

On 11 February 1612, a Danish-Norwegian force confronted a Swedish force under Gustavus Adolphus at Vittsjö, in present-day Sweden. The Swedish force retreated during the Kalmar War.

Sweden

Assault on Eda Sconce

The Assault on Eda sconce was an incident on 11 February 1658, when a Norwegian force under Michael Opitz attacked the Swedish Sconce at Eda. The Norwegians were successful at first, but were later repelled by the Swedish artillery fire, forcing them to withdraw. The fighting lasted for 2 hours.

Assault on Copenhagen (1659)

The assault on Copenhagen (Danish: stormen på København; Swedish: stormningen av Köpenhamn), also known as the battle of Copenhagen, on 11 February 1659, was a major engagement during the Second Northern War, taking place during the Swedish siege of Copenhagen. Following the arrival of Swedish forces on Zealand on 7 August 1658, they intended to attack Copenhagen, thus conquering Denmark.

Battle of Cavan

The Battle of Cavan took place in Cavan, Ireland on 11 February 1690 between forces of Williamite and Jacobite troops during the Williamite War in Ireland. It ended in a victory for the Protestant Williamites who captured, sacked and burned the town of Cavan before withdrawing to their forwarding base at Belturbet and further afield Enniskillen The local Protestant commander Colonel William Wolseley had been instructed by his overall commander Marshal Schomberg to observe and harry Cavan, as Jacobites were using it as a forwarding base to launch relief raids across Ulster for Jacobite forces.

Cavan, Ireland · County Cavan, Ireland

Siege of Ruthven Barracks (1746)

The siege of Ruthven Barracks that took place over the 10 – 11 February 1746 was part of the Jacobite rising of 1745. In August 1745 the Jacobites had unsuccessfully laid siege to the barracks being repulsed by a small group of Government soldiers. However the Jacobites returned in February 1746 this time equipped with cannon, and as a result the Government garrison surrendered.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United Kingdom

Battle of Grand Pré ends

On 11 February 1747, the Battle of Grand Pré in present-day Nova Scotia, Canada, reached the end of its recorded February 10–11 fighting. French colonial, Mi’kmaq and Acadian forces defeated British colonial troops during King George’s War.

February 11 is the endpoint of the source’s February 10–11 battle range.

Canada

Battle of Van Creek

The Battle of Van Creek was a small engagement on February 11, 1779, near Elberton, Georgia, during the American Revolutionary War. About 100 Patriot militia men sought to stop a Loyalist force of about 600 men from crossing the Savannah River to rendezvous with a British force which had recently captured Augusta, Georgia. The Loyalist force was able to flank and defeat the Patriot militia and cross the river.

United States

US Senate opens its doors for the Gallatin debate

On February 11, 1794, the United States Senate agreed to admit the public for its consideration of Albert Gallatin’s eligibility to serve. This was a specific public session; regular public legislative sessions followed later.

United States of America

Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal

Jesse Fell was an early political leader in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was one of the first Pennsylvanians to successfully burn anthracite on an open air grate. Anthracite differs from wood in that it needs a draft from the bottom, and Judge Fell proved with his grate design that it was a viable heating fuel.

Battle of Montmirail

The Battle of Montmirail (11 February 1814) was fought between a French force led by Emperor Napoleon and two Allied corps commanded by Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken and Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg. In hard fighting that lasted until evening, French troops including the Imperial Guard defeated Sacken's Russian soldiers and compelled them to retreat to the north. Part of Yorck's Prussian I Corps tried to intervene in the struggle but it was also driven off. The battle occurred near Montmirail, France during the Six Days Campaign of the Napoleonic Wars. Montmirail is located 51 kilometres (32 mi) east of Meaux.

Montmirail, Marne, France

Institution now known as UCL founded as London University

On 11 February 1826, the institution now known as University College London was founded in London, United Kingdom, as London University. Teaching began in 1828.

This is UCL’s 1826 foundation, distinct from the federal University of London established in 1836.

United Kingdom

Battle of Mariel

The Battle of Mariel was a small-scale naval engagement fought between the First Mexican Republic and the Spanish Empire near the Cuban port town of Mariel. The battle resulted in a Spanish victory, with the Mexican navy losing the brig Guerrero.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Cuba

Gaetano Donizetti's opera La fille du régiment receives its first performance in Paris, France

La fille du régiment (French pronunciation: [la fij dy ʁeʒimɑ̃], The Daughter of the Regiment) is an opéra comique in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti, set to a French libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and Jean-François Bayard. It was first performed on 11 February 1840 by the Paris Opéra-Comique at the Salle de la Bourse.

Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata receives its first performance in Milan, Italy

I Lombardi alla prima crociata (The Lombards on the First Crusade) is an operatic dramma lirico in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on an epic poem by Tommaso Grossi, which was "very much a child of its age; a grand historical novel with a patriotic slant". Its first performance was given at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan on 11 February 1843.

1854 Salvadoran presidential election

Presidential elections were held in El Salvador on 11 February 1854. José María San Martín ran unopposed and was elected by the legislature. He had previously served as provisional president of the country from 30 January to 1 February 1852.

El Salvador

Kassa Hailu crowned Emperor Tewodros II

On February 11, 1855, Kassa Hailu was crowned emperor of Ethiopia at the church of Derasge Maryam by Abuna Salama III. He took the throne name Tewodros II.

Ethiopia

Battle of Aiken

The Battle of Aiken (also known as the Action at Aiken) occurred on February 11, 1865 and was part of the Carolinas campaign. The principal commanders were Union Maj. Gen. Hugh Judson Kilpatrick and Confederate Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler. Wheeler was able to score a minor victory over Kilpatrick. Today, an annual re-enactment is held the final full weekend in February.

Amadeo I abdicates the Spanish throne

On 11 February 1873, Amadeo I abdicated as king of Spain. The First Spanish Republic was proclaimed after his abdication.

Spain

Meiji Constitution

The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國憲法; Shinjitai: 大日本帝国憲法, romanized: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kenpō), known informally as the Meiji Constitution (明治憲法, Meiji Kenpō), was the constitution of the Empire of Japan which was proclaimed on February 11, 1889, and remained in force between November 29, 1890, until May 2, 1947.

Siege of Lapa

The siege of Lapa was a military confrontation involving the Brazilian Army, the National Guard, the Military Police of Paraná state and civilian volunteers, which took place during the Federalist Revolution in early 1894. The city of Lapa became the arena of a bloody confrontation between the loyalist republican troops, commonly called pica-paus (woodpeckers) against the maragatos, federalist rebels, who opposed the presidential form of government.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Brazil

Commercial Press founded in Shanghai

On February 11, 1897, the Commercial Press was founded in Shanghai, China, initially as a printing business. It later became a major publisher of educational, reference and translated works.

China

First three movements of Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony premiered

On 11 February 1903, the first three movements of Anton Bruckner’s Ninth Symphony were premiered at the Musikverein in Vienna, Austria, conducted by Ferdinand Löwe in his own arrangement.

Austria

Pius X issues Vehementer Nos

On 11 February 1906, Pope Pius X issued the encyclical Vehementer Nos, condemning France’s 1905 law separating church and state. The document was dated at St. Peter’s in Rome, in present-day Vatican City.

Vatican City

Battle of Şarköy

The Battle of Şarköy or Şarköy operation (Bulgarian: Битка при Шаркьой, Turkish: Şarköy Çıkarması) took place between 9 and 11 February 1913 during the First Balkan War between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans attempted a counter-attack but were defeated by the Bulgarians at the Battles of Bulair and Şarköy.

Turkey

Bakar mockery

The Bakar mockery (Italian Beffa di Buccari), or Bakar raid, was a raid of the Italian Navy (Regia Marina) in the last year of World War I. Whilst it had little material effect on the war at sea, it was a particularly bold venture which had a welcome effect on Italian morale, which was at a low ebb following the defeat at Caporetto a few months prior.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Croatia

1919 German presidential election

The 1919 German presidential election (Reichspräsidentenwahl) was the first election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichspräsident), Germany's head of state during the 1919−1933 Weimar Republic. The constitution that stipulated a direct popular vote was not completed before 11 August 1919. Because a head of state was needed immediately the 1919 presidential election was held indirectly, by the National Assembly, on 11 February 1919.

Friedrich Ebert elected president of Germany

On 11 February 1919, the German National Assembly elected Friedrich Ebert president. He became the first president of the Weimar Republic.

Germany

Lateran Treaty

The Lateran Treaty was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between Italy under King Victor Emmanuel III and Duce Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman question. The treaty recognised Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See. Italy also agreed to give the Catholic Church financial compensation for the loss of the Papal States. In 1948, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the Italian Republic and the Catholic Church. While the treaty was significantly revised in 1984, ending the status of Catholicism as the sole state religion of Italy, the Vatican remains a distinct sovereign entity to the present day. The treaty and associated pacts were named after the Lateran Palace, where they were signed on 11 February 1929.

1930 Emperor's Cup final

1930 Emperor's Cup Final was the tenth final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Koshien South Ground in Hyōgo on February 11, 1930. Kwangaku Club won the championship.

LAPD Red Squad raid on John Reed Club art show

The LAPD Red Squad raid on the John Reed Club art show raid took place in Los Angeles, California, United States, on Saturday, February 11, 1933. The LAPD Red Squad, the police department's anti-radical unit, crashed a political meeting and art show hosted by a number of leftist organizations. Red Squad members destroyed several works of art in a manner that suggested racial animus as well as an anti-communist motive.

United States

1933 Copa Beccar Varela Final

The 1933 Copa Beccar Varela Final was the final that decided the winner of the 2nd edition of the Argentine domestic cup. The cup was contested by Racing Club (for second consecutive time), and Rosarian Club Central Córdoba. The match was held in River Plate Stadium on February 11, 1934. The match was suspended after 88 minutes when Racing players abandoned the field in protest of a penalty kick awarded to Central Córdoba.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Flint sit-down strike

The Flint sit-down strike, also known as the General Motors sit-down strike, was a sitdown strike at the General Motors plants in Flint, Michigan, United States, in which thousands of workers occupied the plants for 44 days, from December 30, 1936 to February 11, 1937. After hostile clashes between strikers and Flint police, Michigan Governor Frank Murphy, with the support and counsel of president Franklin D.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Costa Rican general election, 1940

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 11 February 1940. Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia of the Independent National Republican Party won the presidential election. Voter turnout was 80.8% in the presidential election and 65.6% in the parliamentary election.

Costa Rica

Convoy HG 53

Convoy HG 53 was the 53rd of the numbered series of World War II HG convoys of Homeward bound merchant ships from Gibraltar to Liverpool. Convoy HG 53 lost nine ships during a coordinated attack in February 1941. HG 53 was one of the few Atlantic convoys to have ships sunk by submarines, by aircraft, and by surface ships.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Rovno–Lutsk offensive reaches its recorded endpoint

On 11 February 1944, the Soviet Rovno–Lutsk offensive in western Ukraine reached its recorded endpoint. The operation had begun on January 27 against German forces in the Rivne and Lutsk area.

This records the endpoint of the January 27–February 11 operation, not an end to all fighting in western Ukraine.

Ukraine

Revised Standard Version New Testament published

On February 11, 1946, the New Testament of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible was published. The RSV Old Testament followed in 1952.

First attack on the Skardu garrison

On 11 February 1948, the Ibex Force attacked the Indian garrison at Skardu during the First Kashmir War. The initial six-hour battle ended with the attackers withdrawing; further attacks and a prolonged siege followed. Skardu is in the disputed Kashmir region, now administered by Pakistan.

This records the opening attack; the garrison’s surrender came in August.

Pakistan

Operation Roundup (1951)

Operation Roundup was an advance by United Nations Command (UN) forces during the Korean War that took place from 5 to 11 February 1951. While achieving initial success against limited opposition, it was brought to a halt by Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) and North Korean Korean People's Army (KPA) forces at the Battle of Hoengsong.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Operation Thunderbolt (1951)

Operation Thunderbolt, also known in China as the Defensive Battle of the Han River Southern Bank (Chinese: 汉江南岸防御战; pinyin: Hàn Jiāng Nán Àn Fáng Yù Zhàn), was a US offensive during the Korean War. It represented the first offensive under the new commanding officer of the US Eighth Army, General Matthew Ridgway. It started less than three weeks after the Chinese Third Phase Campaign had forced UN forces south of Seoul.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

South Korea

Pohang Operation

The Pohang Operation was an anti-guerilla operation during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces near Pohang from 10 January to 11 February 1951.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Harwich by-election, 1954

The Harwich by-election, 1954 was a parliamentary by-election held on 11 February 1954 for the British House of Commons constituency of Harwich in England. The seat had become vacant when the National Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Stanley Holmes was elevated to the peerage as Baron Dovercourt, having held the seat since a 1935 General Election. The 'Conservative and Liberal' candidate, Julian Ridsdale held the seat for the government. He remained the constituency's MP until his retirement at the 1992 general election. The Labour candidate Shirley Catlin would later, under the name Shirley Williams, be elected as MP for Hitchin and would serve in the Cabinets of Harold Wilson and James Callaghan.

England, United Kingdom

1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election

Elections to the Andhra State Legislative Assembly were held on 11 February 1955. 581 candidates contested for the 167 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 29 two-member constituencies and 138 single-member constituencies. The members of the first assembly (1955–62) were allowed a seven-year term. That is to say, in 1957, elections were conducted in the newly added region of Telangana alone, and then in 1962, general elections were held for the state as a whole.

India

First meeting in the events later called the February Countercurrent

On 11 February 1967, senior Chinese leaders met at Li Fuchun’s home during disputes over the Cultural Revolution. It was the first in a series of meetings and confrontations later labelled the February Countercurrent.

The label refers to a series of disputes and meetings, not a formally established organization.

China

Paraguayan general election, 1968

General elections were held in Paraguay on 11 February 1968. Alfredo Stroessner of the Colorado Party won the presidential elections, whilst the Colorado Party won 20 of the 30 seats in the Senate and 40 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputues. Voter turnout was 73.1%.

Paraguay

Tet Offensive attacks on Da Nang

The attacks on Da Nang (29 January – 11 February 1968), were a series of attacks in the Tet Offensive launched by the North Vietnamese People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC) during the Vietnam War. The attacks were repulsed by combined United States Marine Corps (USMC), United States Army, Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and Republic of Korea Marine Corps (ROKMC) forces with the PAVN/VC suffering heavy losses.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1971 Antiguan general election

General elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 11 February 1971. They were won by the Progressive Labour Movement. PLM leader George Walter was elected Premier of Antigua, defeating the incumbent Premier Vere Bird of the Antigua Labour Party. The PLM was founded in 1967 after a split in the leadership of the Antigua Trades and Labour Union; this was its first election, as well as its first and only electoral victory.

Antigua and Barbuda

Seabed Arms Control Treaty

The Seabed Arms Control Treaty (or Seabed Treaty, formally the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof) is a multilateral agreement between the United States, Soviet Union (now Russia), United Kingdom, and 91 other countries banning the emplacement of nuclear weapons or "weapons of mass destruction" on the seabed and the ocean floor beyond a 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) coastal zone.

Cold War: The Seabed Arms Control Treaty opens for signature, outlawing nuclear weapons on the ocean floor in international waters.

Haitian parliamentary election, 1973

Parliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 11 February 1973. Over 300 candidates contested the election, all of whom were members of the National Unity Party and supporters of President Jean-Claude Duvalier.

Haiti

Paraguayan general election, 1973

General elections were held in Paraguay on 11 February 1973. Alfredo Stroessner of the Colorado Party won the presidential elections, whilst the Colorado Party won 20 of the 30 seats in the Senate and 40 of the 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputues. Voter turnout was 77.4%.

Paraguay

Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314

On 11 February 1978, Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, crashed at Cranbrook/Canadian Rockies International Airport, near Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada, killing 43 of the 49 people on board. The scheduled flight from Fort McMurray International Airport to Castlegar Airport via Edmonton, Alberta, Calgary, Alberta and Cranbrook, British Columbia crashed after its thrust reversers did not fully stow following an aborted landing to avoid a snowplow on the runway.

Canada

Haitian parliamentary election, 1979

Parliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 11 February 1979. Around 300 candidates contested the election, almost all of whom were supporters of President Jean-Claude Duvalier. All but one of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies were won by candidates of the National Unity Party (the sole legal party at the time), whilst the other was won by an independent in Cap-Haïtien.

Haiti

Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by Ruhollah Khomeini, an Islamist cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions, and became the country’s supreme leader.The ousting of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of Iran's historical monarchy.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1980 Intercontinental Cup

The 1980 Intercontinental Cup was an association football match played on 11 February 1981 between Nottingham Forest of England, winners of the 1979–80 European Cup, and Nacional of Uruguay, winners of the 1980 Copa Libertadores. The match was played for the first time at the neutral venue of the now demolished National Stadium in Tokyo in front of 62,000 fans. Waldemar Victorino was named as man of the match.

Operation Before the Dawn

Operation Before the Dawn was an offensive operation launched by Iran during the Iran–Iraq War in 1983 around the Amarah area 200 kilometers southeast of Baghdad. It was carried out under the command of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps along with the support of the regular army, during the operation, Iran suffered heavy casualties due to weak air support and heavy Iraqi artillery fire and aerial bombing.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

Syrian parliamentary election, 1986

Parliamentary elections were held in Syria on 10 and 11 February 1986. Members were elected using the multiple non-transferable vote in fifteen constituencies, with an average district magnitude of thirteen. The result was a victory for the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, which won 130 of the 195 seats.

Syria

Nelson Mandela walks free after 27 years

Nelson Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison near Paarl after more than twenty-seven years in custody. His release followed President F. W. de Klerk's announcement that the African National Congress and other banned organizations would be legalized. Crowds watched as Mandela left prison with Winnie Mandela, and he later addressed supporters in Cape Town. The event became an international symbol of the movement against apartheid, but it did not immediately end the political conflict or racial legislation. Mandela subsequently participated in difficult negotiations that helped lead to South Africa's first national election based on universal adult suffrage in 1994.

Victor Verster Prison, near Paarl

11th Yokohama Film Festival

The 11th Yokohama Film Festival (第11回ヨコハマ映画祭) was held on 11 February 1990 in Kannai Hall, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

Japan

Establishment of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalized nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its members consist of indigenous peoples, minorities, and unrecognized or occupied territories.

Submarine incident off Kildin Island

The submarine incident off Kildin Island was a collision between the US Navy nuclear submarine USS Baton Rouge and the Russian Navy nuclear submarine B-276 Kostroma near the Russian naval base of Severomorsk on 11 February 1992. The incident occurred while the US unit was engaged in a covert mission, apparently aimed at intercepting Russian military communications.

Murmansk, Russia

The writ for the Bonython by-election is issued

The writ for a by-election in the Australian electorate of Bonython was issued following Neal Blewett's retirement from the House of Representatives. Polling followed in March.

The writ was issued on February 11; polling took place on March 19.

Australia

SuperBrawl VI

SuperBrawl VI was the sixth SuperBrawl professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The event took place on February 11, 1996, from the Bayfront Center in St. Petersburg, Florida in the United States. The main event was a steel cage match between Hulk Hogan and The Giant. Hogan defeated Giant to win the match. This event marked Brian Pillman's final match in WCW.

STS-82

STS-82 was the 22nd flight of the Space Shuttle Discovery and the 82nd mission of the Space Shuttle program. It was NASA's second mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope, during which Discovery's crew repaired and upgraded the telescope's scientific instruments, increasing its research capabilities. Discovery launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 11, 1997, returning to Earth on February 21, 1997, at Kennedy Space Center.

16th Fajr International Film Festival

The 16th Fajr International Film Festival (Persian: شانزدهمین جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم فجر) held 1–11 February 1998 in Tehran, Iran. The Glass Agency (Ebrahim Hatamikia, 1998) was the festival's best film in "Competition of Iranian Cinema" and The Promise (Luc Dardenne and Jean-Pierre Dardenne, 1996) —a Belgian film— was the festival's best film in "Competition of International Cinema".

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iran

2000 Welsh Labour leadership election

The 2000 Labour Party in Wales leadership election was held on 11 February 2000 after the resignation of Alun Michael as first secretary of Wales and leader of the Labour Party in Wales on 9 February 2000. Rhodri Morgan, who had unsuccessfully challenged Michael in the previous leadership election in 1999, was elected unopposed as the new leader of the party in the National Assembly for Wales and was later nominated unopposed by the assembly as the new first secretary on 15 February.

Wales, United Kingdom

STS-99

STS-99 was a Space Shuttle mission using Endeavour, that launched on 11 February 2000 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The primary objective of the mission was the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) project. This was also the last solo flight of Endeavour; all future flights for Endeavour became devoted to the International Space Station. STS-99 was also the first Shuttle mission of the 2000s.

Cape Verdean presidential election, 2001

Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 11 February 2001, with a second round on 25 February after no candidate achieved outright victory in the first round. The result was a victory for Pedro Pires of the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde, who defeated Carlos Veiga of the Movement for Democracy by just twelve votes. Pires, a former Prime Minister, took office on 22 March 2001, replacing António Mascarenhas Monteiro, who stood down after completing two terms in office.

Cape Verde

Hearts of Oak wins the CAF Super Cup

On 11 February 2001, Hearts of Oak defeated Zamalek 2–0 in the CAF Super Cup at Kumasi Sports Stadium in Kumasi, Ghana.

Ghana

A Dutch programmer launches the Anna Kournikova virus infecting millions of emails via a trick photo of the tennis star

The Anna Kournikova virus (also known as VBS/OnTheFly, VBS/SST and VBS_Kalamar) was an email worm released on 11 February 2001 by Jan de Wit, a 20-year-old Dutch man who used the online name "OnTheFly". He created it within a few hours using the Vbs Worm Generator, a toolkit developed by an Argentine programmer known as "[K]Alamar".

Battle of the Buliok Complex

The Battle of the Buliok Complex took place on 11 February 2003 in an area within the provinces of Maguindanao and Cotabato in Mindanao, Philippines. The 60-hectare complex, which stretches from Pikit, Cotabato to Pagalungan, Maguindanao, was a stronghold of the Muslim separatist Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). Accused by the Philippine government of harboring members of Pentagon, a notorious kidnap-for-ransom gang operating in Mindanao, the MILF was attacked in the Buliok complex by the Armed Forces of the Philippines under orders from then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines · Pagalungan, Philippines

2003 Fort Lauderdale mayoral election

The 2003 Fort Lauderdale mayoral election took place on February 11, 2003. Incumbent Mayor Jim Naugle ran for re-election to a fifth term, and was challenged by City Commissioner Tim Smith. Naugle, a Democrat, frustrated local Democrats when he endorsed Republican Governor Jeb Bush for re-election in 2002, but Smith attracted little formal support from Democratic leaders. Naugle ultimately defeated Smith by a wide margin, winning 61 percent of the vote.

Florida, United States

La Copa Junior (2005)

La Copa Junior (2005) (Spanish for "The Junior Cup") was a professional wrestling tournament produced and scripted by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council"). The tournament ran from January 28, 2005 to February 11, 2005 in Arena México in Mexico City, Mexico. CMLL's recurring La Copa Junior tournament featured second, third or fourth generation wrestlers completing against each other.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Mexico

2006 Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia leadership election

The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia leadership election of 2006 was held on February 11, 2006 to select a replacement for John Hamm, as Premier of Nova Scotia and leader of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia.

2007 Turkmenistan presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Turkmenistan on 11 February 2007, following the death of president-for-life Saparmurat Niyazov on 21 December 2006.

Turkmenistan

2008 East Timorese assassination attempts

Rebel soldiers of the Timor Leste Defence Force invaded the homes of the President and Prime Minister of East Timor on 11 February 2008, leading to the shooting and serious wounding of President José Ramos-Horta and the shooting up of the car of Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão. Two rebel soldiers, including leader Alfredo Reinado, were shot dead by presidential security forces.

2012 Bayelsa State gubernatorial election

The 2012 Bayelsa State gubernatorial election occurred on February 11, 2012. PDP's Seriake Dickson won election for a first term, defeating other party candidates. Dickson received 89% of the total vote. Seriake Dickson emerged the PDP candidate in the gubernatorial primary election. His running mate was Gboribiogha John Jonah.

Nigeria

Tinsalane ambush

The ambush of Tinsalane occurred on February 11, 2012, when armed groups of Ansar Dine and the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) fought against a convoy of the Malian army who came to reinforce the troops besieged in Tessalit.

ONE FC: Battle of Heroes

On February 11, 2012, ONE FC: Battle of Heroes took place at the BritAma Arena in North Jakarta, Indonesia.

Indonesia

Third Battle of Gao

The Third Battle of Gao was fought in the city of Gao on 9–11 February 2013, during the Northern Mali Conflict. It was a raid on the city by rebel MOJWA forces. The raiders were defeated by Malian government forces with the support of troops from France.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Mali

Benedict XVI announces his forthcoming resignation

On 11 February 2013, Pope Benedict XVI announced at the Vatican that he would resign the papacy because of his advanced age. His resignation took effect on February 28, not on the announcement day.

This is the announcement date; the resignation took effect on February 28, 2013.

Vatican City

2013 Lahad Datu standoff

The 2013 Lahad Datu standoff, also known as the Lahad Datu incursion or Operation Daulat (Malay: Operasi Daulat), was a military conflict in Lahad Datu, Malaysia. The conflict began on 11 February, when 235 militants arrived in Lahad Datu by boat, and ended on 24 March. The militants, self proclaimed as "Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo", were sent by Jamalul Kiram III, a claimant to the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Malaysia

2014 Algerian Air Force C-130 crash

On 11 February 2014, an Algerian Air Force Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules aircraft crashed into Djebel Fertas mountain near Aïn Kercha, Oum El Bouaghi Province, Algeria; with 74 passengers and 4 crew on board. Seventy-seven bodies were discovered at the site, along with one survivor. Preliminary reports suggest that bad weather conditions might have caused the crash. Eyewitness accounts describe the aircraft clipping a mountain before crashing.This was the first reported air disaster in Algeria since the 2003 crash of Air Algérie Flight 6289. The accident is undergoing investigation.

Algeria

San Diego holds mayoral special-election runoff

On February 11, 2014, San Diego, California, United States, held the runoff in its mayoral special election. Kevin Faulconer defeated David Alvarez; the first round had been held on November 19, 2013.

United States of America

NXT TakeOver: Rival

NXT TakeOver: Rival was a 2015 professional wrestling livestreaming event produced by WWE, held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's developmental territory, NXT. It was the fourth NXT TakeOver event and took place on Saturday, February 11, 2015, at NXT's home venue at the time, Full Sail University in Winter Park, Florida. The event aired exclusively on the WWE Network.

Florida, United States

2016 Ad Dair shooting

On February 11, 2016, a gunman identified as 30-year-old teacher Abdullah Jaber Al-Malki (Arabic: عبدالله المالكي), killed seven people and wounded one at an education office in Ad Dair, in Saudi Arabia's Jizan Province bordering Yemen. Five of the victims died at the scene, while two of the injured later died at the Al-Dair General Hospital. Al-Malki was executed in 2021.

Saudi Arabia

UFC 208

UFC 208: Holm vs. de Randamie was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on February 11, 2017, at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York.

Brooklyn, United States · New York, United States

IWRG Cabellera vs. Cabellera (February 2018)

The IWRG Cabellera vs. Cabellera (Spanish for "Hair vs. Hair") show was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), that took place on February 11, 2018 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. The focal point of the Cabellera vs.

Naucalpan, Mexico

UFC 221

UFC 221: Romero vs. Rockhold was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that was held on February 11, 2018, at Perth Arena in Perth, Australia.

Australia

Saratov Airlines Flight 703

Saratov Airlines Flight 703 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Moscow to Orsk Airport in Russia that crashed shortly after take-off from Moscow Domodedovo Airport on 11 February 2018 in Stepanovskoye, Ramensky District. The Antonov An-148-100B serving the flight suddenly dived while en route to its destination, killing all 71 people on board. It was the deadliest crash involving the Antonov An-148 and the first commercial passenger flight crash involving the type.

Russia

HDP congress elects Pervin Buldan and Sezai Temelli co-leaders

On 11 February 2018, the Peoples’ Democratic Party held its third ordinary congress in Ankara, Turkey. Delegates elected Pervin Buldan and Sezai Temelli as co-leaders.

Turkey

2018 President of Ireland's Cup

The 2018 President's Cup was the fifth President's Cup contested for. The match was played between the champions of 2017 League of Ireland Premier Division and 2017 FAI Cup, Cork City and the runners-up of the 2017 FAI Cup, Dundalk on 11 February 2018, at Oriel Park. Cork City won the game 4-2 in a match played during snow showers.

36th Fajr Film Festival

The 36th Fajr Film Festival (Persian: سی و ششمین جشنواره فیلم فجر) was held from 1 to 11 February 2018 in Tehran, Iran. The nominees for the 36th Fajr Film Festival were announced on February 10, 2018, at a press conference.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

2020 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary

The 2020 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary took place on Tuesday, February 11, 2020, as the second nominating contest in the Republican Party presidential primaries for the 2020 presidential election, following the Iowa caucuses the week before. The New Hampshire primary is a semi-closed primary, meaning that only Republicans and independents may vote in this primary.

New Hampshire, United States

2020 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary

The 2020 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary took place on February 11, 2020, as the second nominating contest in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election, following the Iowa caucuses the week before. The New Hampshire primary was a semi-closed primary, meaning that only Democrats and independents were allowed to vote in this primary.

New Hampshire, United States

38th Fajr Film Festival

The 38th Fajr Film Festival (Persian: سی و هشتمین جشنواره فیلم فجر) was held from 1 to 11 February 2020 in Tehran, Iran. The nominees for the 38th Fajr Film Festival were announced on February 10, 2020, at a press conference.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

2020 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2020 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup, an international club football tournament hosted by Qatar. It was the 17th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the club champions from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions. The final was contested by German club Bayern Munich, representing UEFA as the reigning champions of the UEFA Champions League, and Mexican club Tigres UANL, representing CONCACAF as the reigning champions of the CONCACAF Champions League. It was the first time a team from the CONCACAF region played in the final. The match was played at the Education City Stadium in Al Rayyan on 11 February 2021.

39th Fajr Film Festival

The 39th Fajr Film Festival (Persian: سی و نهمین جشنواره فیلم فجر) was held from 1 to 11 February 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The nominees for the 39th Fajr Film Festival were announced on February 10, 2021, at a press conference.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

ONE: Bad Blood

ONE: Bad Blood was a Combat sport event produced by ONE Championship that took place on February 11, 2022, at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Kallang, Singapore.

2022 President of Ireland's Cup

The 2022 President's Cup was the eighth President's Cup contested for. The match was played on 11 February between the champions of the 2021 League of Ireland Premier Division and the 2021 FAI Cup winners, Shamrock Rovers and St Patrick's Athletic.

40th Fajr Film Festival

The 40th Fajr Film Festival (Persian: چهلمین دوره جشنواره فیلم فجر) was held from 1 to 11 February 2022 in Tehran, Iran. The nominees for the 40th Fajr Film Festival were announced on February 10, 2022, at a press conference.

This entry records the closing, as dated in the source infobox.

2022 FIFA Club World Cup final

The 2022 FIFA Club World Cup final was the final match of the 2022 FIFA Club World Cup, an international club football tournament hosted by Morocco. It was the 19th final of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised tournament between the club champions from each of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions. The match was played at the Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium in Rabat on 11 February 2023.

Rabat, Morocco

Nuff Said (2023)

Nuff Said was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event promoted by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). It took place on February 11, 2023, at the Egypt Shrine Center in Tampa, Florida. The name of the event was based on current NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion Tyrus, who uses it as his catchphrase, and had a show by the same name on the Fox News streaming network Fox Nation.

Florida, United States

Oktagon 39: Jungwirth vs. Oliveira

On February 11, 2023, Oktagon 39: Jungwirth vs. Oliveira took place at Audi Dome in Munich, Germany.

Germany

2023 Supercopa Ecuador

The 2023 Supercopa Ecuador, known as the 2023 Supercopa Ecuador Ecuabet for sponsorship purposes, was the third edition of the Supercopa Ecuador, Ecuador's football super cup. It was held on 11 February 2023 between the 2022 Ecuadorian Serie A champions Aucas and the 2022 Copa Ecuador champions Independiente del Valle at Estadio La Cocha in Latacunga. In the match, Independiente del Valle defeated Aucas 3–0 to win their first Supercopa Ecuador title.

2023 Japanese Super Cup

The 2023 Japanese Super Cup (known as Fujifilm Super Cup 2023 for sponsorship reasons) was the 30th Japanese Super Cup since its reestablishment, and the 38th overall. It was held on 11 February 2023 between the 2022 J1 League champions Yokohama F. Marinos and the 2022 Emperor's Cup winners Ventforet Kofu at the Japan National Stadium, Shinjuku, Tokyo. Both clubs were seeking their first Japanese Super Cup title.

Japan

2023 Africa Cup of Nations final

The 2023 Africa Cup of Nations final was a football match played on 11 February 2024 between Ivory Coast and Nigeria. It determined the winner of the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations, the 34th edition of the biennial African tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). The match was played at the Alassane Ouattara Stadium in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

2024 Finnish presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Finland on 28 January 2024, with a second round held on 11 February. Voters elected a president of the Republic for a six-year term. Incumbent president Sauli Niinistö was term-limited and ineligible to run for re-election, having served the maximum two terms, ensuring that the president elected would be the country's thirteenth.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Finland

2025 Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh Municipal Corporation election

The 2025 Bilaspur Municipal Corporation (BMC) election was held on February 11, 2025, to elect the mayor and councilors who would govern Bilaspur, the second largest city of Chhattisgarh, India. This election was part of the broader municipal elections taking place across the state. The Bharatiya Janata Party delivered a remarkable performance in the Municipal Corporation elections. BJP candidate Pooja Vidhni won by a margin of more than 66 thousand votes.

India

2025 Korba Municipal Corporation election

The 2025 Korba Municipal Corporation (KMC) election was held on February 11, 2025, to elect the mayor and councilors who would govern Korba, the power city of Chhattisgarh, India. This election was part of the broader municipal elections taking place across the state. BJP won the mayoral race by over 48 thousand votes and secured 45 of the 67 wards.

India

2025 Westchester County Executive special election

The 2025 Westchester County Executive special election was held on February 11, 2025. The election was between former Deputy County Executive Ken Jenkins and former advisor to former County Executive Rob Astorino, Christine Sculti. The special election was held to fulfill the remainder of the term after previous County Executive George Latimer resigned to become the congressional representative for NY-16. Jenkins defeated Sculti by a comfortable margin.