1月2日发生过什么？

Troops in Lower Germania proclaim Vitellius emperor

The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength.

This entry records the January 2 proclamation in Lower Germania. The Upper Germania legions’ refusal of allegiance to Galba began on January 1; their alignment with Vitellius followed on January 3.

Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy

Pope John II (Latin: Ioannes II; c. 475 – 8 May 535), born Mercurius, was the Bishop of Rome from 2 January 533 to his death on 8 May 535. As a priest at St. Clement's Basilica, he endowed that church with gifts and commissioned stone carvings for it. Mercurius became the first pope to adopt a new papal name upon his elevation to the office.

Granada War

The Granada War was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492 during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, against the Nasrid dynasty's Emirate of Granada. It ended with the defeat of Granada and its annexation by Castile, ending the last remnant of Islamic rule on the Iberian peninsula. The ten-year war was not a continuous effort but a series of seasonal campaigns launched in spring and broken off in winter. The Granadans were crippled by internal conflict and civil war, while the Christians were generally unified. The Granadans were also bled economically by the tribute they had to pay Castile to avoid being attacked and conquered. The war saw the effective use of artillery by the Christians to rapidly conquer towns that would otherwise have required long sieges. On 2 January 1492, Muhammad XI of Granada (King Boabdil) surrendered the Emirate of Granada, the city of Granada, and the Alhambra palace to the Castilian forces.

Battle of Klis (1583)

The Battle of Klis was a military engagement between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans at Klis. The Uskoks under the authority of the Habsburgs attempted to capture the city of Klis from the Ottomans; however, their attempt was repulsed.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Croatia

Trunajaya rebellion

The Trunajaya Rebellion (also spelled Trunojoyo) or Trunajaya War was a conflict in the 1670s led by the Madurese prince Trunajaya and Makassarese fighters against the Mataram Sultanate and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Java (in modern-day Indonesia). The uprising was initially successful; the rebels gained Gegodog (1676), the majority of Java's north coast (1677), and the capital of Mataram (1677) from the royal army.

Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya.

Battle of Neukalen

The Battle of Neukalen was a battle at Neukalen of the Seven Years' War between Swedish and Prussian forces fought on January 2, 1762. The Swedish force under the command of Carl Constantin De Carnall managed to rout the Prussian forces camping on a hill next to the town of Malchin. This was the last battle of the Swedish and Prussian troops during the war.

Germany

Battle of the Assunpink Creek

The Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, was a battle between American and British troops that took place in and around Trenton, New Jersey, on January 2, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, and resulted in an American victory. Following a surprise victory at the Battle of Trenton early in the morning of December 26, 1776, General George Washington of the Continental Army and his council of war expected a strong British counter-attack. Washington and the council decided to meet this attack in Trenton, and established a defensive position south of the Assunpink Creek.

Trenton, New Jersey, United States

Action of 2 January 1783

The action of 2 January 1783 was a minor naval battle that took place in the Caribbean Sea during the last stages of the American War of Independence. Severe fighting between a Royal Navy frigate HMS Magicienne and a French frigate Sibylle went on for nearly two hours, but in that time both frigates were reduced to wrecks.

Cap-Haïtien, Haiti

Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution

Georgia ( JOR-jə) is a state in the Southeastern, South Atlantic, and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the northwest, North Carolina and South Carolina to the northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Florida to the south, and Alabama to the west. Of the 50 U.S. states, Georgia is the 24th-largest by area and eighth-most populous.

Big Bottom massacre

The Big Bottom massacre occurred on January 2, 1791, near present-day Stockport now in Morgan County, Ohio, United States. It is considered part of the Northwest Indian Wars, in which Native Americans in the Ohio Country confronted American settlers, regular soldiers and militia, seeking to expel them from their territory. Following the American Revolutionary War, the United States government was selling land in the Ohio Country, mostly to companies that promised to develop it. A group of American squatters had moved up to this area and settled along flood plain, or "bottom" land, of the Muskingum River, some 30 miles north of an Ohio Company of Associates settlement at Marietta, Ohio.

Ohio, United States

1793 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

The 1793 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held in January 1793, to elect 10 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives.

Siege of Tortosa (1810–1811)

The siege of Tortosa (16 December 1810 – 2 January 1811) pitted an Imperial French army under General Louis Gabriel Suchet against the Spanish defenders of Tortosa led by General Miguel de Lili Idiáquez, Conde de Alacha. The siege progressed swiftly and Alacha surrendered on 2 January 1811. The action took place during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Spain

Battle of Zitácuaro

The Battle of Zitácuaro took place during the War of Mexican Independence on 2 January 1812 in the area around Zitácuaro, Michoacán. The battle was fought between the royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown and the Mexican rebels fighting for independence from the Spanish Empire. The Mexican insurgents were commanded by General Ignacio López Rayón and the Spanish by Félix María Calleja.

Michoacán, Mexico

The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president

The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) is an independent professional association and learned society for civil engineers and a charitable body in the United Kingdom. Based in London, the ICE has over 92,000 members, of whom three-quarters are located in the UK, while the rest are located in more than 150 other countries.

1826 Maryland gubernatorial election

The 1826 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on January 2, 1826, in order to elect the Governor of Maryland. Democratic-Republican nominee and incumbent member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 2nd district Joseph Kent was elected by the Maryland General Assembly against candidates William Tyler and Thomas H. Carroll.

Maryland, United States

1832 Maryland gubernatorial election

The 1832 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on January 2, 1832, in order to elect the Governor of Maryland. Incumbent National Republican Acting Governor George Howard was elected by the Maryland General Assembly against Democratic nominee Nicholas Brewer.

Maryland, United States

1837 Maryland gubernatorial election

The 1837 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on January 2, 1837, in order to elect the governor of Maryland. Incumbent Whig governor Thomas Veazey was re-elected by the Maryland General Assembly as he ran unopposed.

Maryland, United States

January 1838 Maryland gubernatorial election

The January 1838 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on January 2, 1838, in order to elect the governor of Maryland. Incumbent Whig governor Thomas Veazey was re-elected by the Maryland General Assembly as he ran unopposed.

Maryland, United States

Battle of Santa Clara (1847)

The Battle of Santa Clara, nicknamed the "Battle of the Mustard Stalks", was a skirmish during the Mexican–American War, fought on January 2, 1847, 2+1⁄2 miles west of Mission Santa Clara de Asís in California. In late December, the former Californio military commander of Yerba Buena and a rancher from the San Mateo peninsula, Francisco Sanchez, imprisoned the American Mayor of Yerba Buena, Washington Bartlett, and five of his men, who were all engaged in a foraging raid on the peninsula.

California, United States

Battle of Pancsova

The Battle of Pancsova (now Pančevo, in the Pančevo municipality in the South Banat District Serbia) was a battle in the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848-1849, fought on 2 January 1849 between the Hungarian Army under the command of Lieutenant General Ernő Kiss against the Serbian insurgents led by Colonel Ferdinand Mayerhofer von Grünhübel.

Battle of Stones River

The Battle of Stones River, also known as the Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Of the major battles of the war, Stones River had the highest percentage of casualties on both sides.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Siege of Paysandú

The Siege of Paysandú began on 3 December 1864, during the Uruguayan War, when Brazilian forces (under the Marquis of Tamandaré) and Colorado forces (under Venancio Flores) attempted to capture the city of Paysandú in Uruguay from its Uruguayan Army defenders. The siege ended on 2 January 1865, when the Brazilian and Colorado forces conquered the town.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Uruguay

1893 Calgary municipal election

The 1893 Calgary municipal election was scheduled for January 2, 1893 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the ninth Calgary Town Council from January 16, 1893 to January 2, 1894.

Calgary, Canada

American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China

John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) was an American statesman and official whose career in government stretched over almost half a century. Beginning as a private secretary for Abraham Lincoln, he became a diplomat. He served as United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was also a biographer of Lincoln, and wrote poetry and other literature throughout his life.

Chicago Canal opens

The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, historically known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, is a 32-mile-long (51 km) canal system that connects the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River in Northeast Illinois, US. It reverses the direction of the Main Stem and the South Branch of the Chicago River, which now flows out of Lake Michigan rather than into it.

Newmarket by-election, 1903

The Newmarket by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held on 2 January 1903 to fill a vacancy in the United Kingdom House of Commons for the Eastern or Newmarket Division of Cambridgeshire. The vacancy occurred with the sudden death of the sitting Conservative member of parliament, Colonel Harry McCalmont on 8 December 1902. McCalmont had been MP for Newmarket since 1895.

United Kingdom

Siege of Port Arthur

The siege of Port Arthur (Japanese: 旅順攻囲戦, romanized: Ryojun Kōisen; Russian: Оборона Порт-Артура, romanized: Oborona Port-Artura; August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905) was the longest and most violent land battle of the Russo-Japanese War. Port Arthur, the deep-water port and Russian naval base at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, had been widely regarded as one of the most strongly fortified positions in the world.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

World premiere of the science fiction play R.U.R. by the Czech writer Karel Čapek in a theater in Hradec Králové

R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek. "R.U.R." stands for Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots, a phrase that has been used as a subtitle in English versions). The play had its world premiere on 2 January 1921 in Hradec Králové. It introduced the word "robot" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole.

Establishment of Communist Party of Luxembourg

The Communist Party of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Kommunistesch Partei vu Lëtzebuerg; French: Parti Communiste Luxembourgeois; German: Kommunistische Partei Luxemburgs; KPL or PCL) is a Marxist-Leninist party in Luxembourg. Ali Ruckert is the current chairman of the party.

Young Brothers massacre

The Young Brothers massacre (sometimes referred to as the Brookline shootout) was a gun battle that occurred outside of Brookline, Missouri (now part of Republic, Missouri) in the Ozarks region on the afternoon of January 2, 1932, during the period known as the "Public Enemy Era". It resulted in the deaths of six law enforcement officers.

Battle of Kampar

The Battle of Kampar (30 December 1941 – 2 January 1942) was an engagement of the Malayan Campaign during World War II, involving British and Indian troops from the 11th Indian Infantry Division and the Japanese 5th Division. On 27 December, in an effort to prevent the capture of RAF Kuala Lumpur, the 11th Indian Infantry Division occupied Kampar, which offered a strong natural defensive position.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Malaysia

Landing at Saidor

The Landing at Saidor (Operation MICHAELMAS) was an Allied amphibious landing at Saidor, Papua New Guinea on 2 January 1944 as part of Operation DEXTERITY during World War II. In Allied hands, Saidor was a stepping stone towards Madang, the ultimate objective of General Douglas MacArthur's Huon Peninsula campaign. The capture of the airstrip at Saidor also allowed construction of an airbase to assist Allied air forces to conduct operations against Japanese bases at Wewak and Hollandia. But MacArthur's immediate objective was to cut off the 6,000 Imperial Japanese troops retreating from Sio in the face of the Australian advance from Finschhafen.

Papua New Guinea

Gongzhutun Campaign

Gongzhutun Campaign was a series of battles fought in the regions of Gongzhutun ( Princess Village) in Northeast China between the nationalists and the communists during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era and resulted in communist victory. The campaign was part of the Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

Luis Muñoz Marín is inaugurated as the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico

José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín (February 18, 1898 – April 30, 1980), most commonly known as Luis Muñoz Marín, (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlwis ˈmuɲos maˈɾin]) was a Puerto Rican journalist, politician, and statesman who served as the first democratically elected governor of Puerto Rico from 1949 to 1965. He previously served as the fourth president of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1941 to 1948.

January 1950 Toronto municipal election

Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 2, 1950. This was the last time election were held in January, as a ballot measure passed changing the election date to the first Monday in December. This attempt to increase turnout went into effect immediately and an election was held December 4, 1950. The central issue of the campaign was whether to legalize sport on Sundays, with Controller Allan Lamport the main proponent.

Toronto, Canada

India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan

The Bharat Ratna (Sanskrit pronunciation: [bʱaːɾət̪ ɾət̪n̪ə]; lit. 'Jewel of India') is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position or gender. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the Government of India expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011.

José Ramón Guizado succeeds José Antonio Remón Cantera as President of Panama after Remón’s assassination

José Ramón Guizado Valdés (13 August 1899 – 2 November 1964) was the 17th President of Panama. He belonged to the National Patriotic Coalition (CNP).

This entry records the presidential succession. Guizado’s later suspension followed allegations of involvement in the assassination; the allegation is not a finding of guilt.

French legislative election, 1956

French legislative elections to elect the third National Assembly of the Fourth Republic took place on 2 January 1956 using party-list proportional representation. The elections had been scheduled for June 1956, however they were brought forward by Edgar Faure using a constitutional sanction. The previous legislative elections in 1951 had been won by the Third Force, a coalition of center-left and center-right parties, but it was divided about denominational schools question and, when faced with the colonial problem, the governments had gradually moved towards the right. A part of the Rally of the French People (RPF), the Gaullist party, joined the majority in opposing the leadership of Charles de Gaulle, who then retired.

France

Luna 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, is launched by the Soviet Union

Luna 1, also known as Mechta (Russian: Мечта [mʲɪt͡ɕˈta], lit.: Dream), E-1 No.4 and First Lunar Rover, was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon, the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to be placed in heliocentric orbit. Luna 1 was launched as part of the Soviet Luna programme in 1959.

Battle of Ap Bac

The Battle of Ấp Bắc was a major battle fought on 2 January 1963 during the Vietnam War in Định Tường Province, South Vietnam. On 28 December 1962, US intelligence detected the presence of a radio transmitter along with a sizable force of Viet Cong (VC) soldiers, reported to number around 120, in the hamlet of Tân Thới (Vietnamese: Ấp Tân Thới) in Định Tường Province, home of the Army of the Republic of South Vietnam (ARVN) 7th Infantry Division.

Pakistani presidential election, 1965

Presidential elections were held in Pakistan on 2 January 1965. The vote was held amongst the 80,000 "basic democrats", who were members of the urban and regional councils. There were two major parties contesting the election: the Convention Muslim League and the Combined Opposition Parties. The Combined Opposition Parties consisted of five major opposition parties. It had a nine-point program, which included restoration of direct elections, adult franchise and democratization of the 1962 Constitution. The opposition parties of Combined Opposition Parties were not united and did not possess any unity of thought and action.

Pakistan

Operation Bolo

Operation Bolo was a United States Air Force mission during the Vietnam War, considered to be a successful combat ruse. The mission was a response to the heavy losses sustained during the Operation Rolling Thunder aerial-bombardment campaign of 1966, during which Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) fighter jets had evaded U.S. escort fighters and attacked U.S. bombers flying predictable routes. On 2 January 1967, U.S.

Vietnam

New Year's Day battle of 1968

The New Year's Day battle of 1968 was a military engagement during the Vietnam War in Tây Ninh province that began on the evening of 1 January 1968. It involved units assigned to the U.S. 25th Infantry Division and two regiments of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). The battle was known as the Battle of Fire Support Base Burt (Battle of FSB Burt), or the Battle of Suoi Cut.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1971 Ibrox disaster

The 1971 Ibrox disaster, also known as the Second Ibrox Disaster, was a crush among the crowd at an Old Firm football game (Rangers v Celtic), which led to 66 deaths and more than 200 injuries. It happened on 2 January 1971 on an exit stairway at Ibrox Park (now Ibrox Stadium) in Glasgow, Scotland. It was the worst football disaster in Britain until the Hillsborough disaster in Sheffield, England, in 1989.

Scotland, United Kingdom · Glasgow, United Kingdom

The Gale of January 1976 begins, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts, affecting countries from Ireland to Yugoslavia and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage

The Gale of January 1976, widely known as the "Capella" storm in Germany and the Ruisbroek flood in Belgium, was one in a series of extratropical cyclones and storm surges, which occurred over January 1976. The gale of 2–5 January 1976 resulted in severe wind damage across western and central Europe and coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts.

1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills

The 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills was one of the most brutal acts of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's regime in Pakistan. Paramilitary forces opened fire on striking workers, resulting in 22–133 killed and many injured.

Battle of Fada

The Battle of Fada took place in northern Chad in 1987, and was a turning point of the Chadian–Libyan conflict.

Chad

Condor Flugdienst Flight 3782

Condor Flugdienst Flight 3782 was an international charter flight from Stuttgart-Echterdingen Airport, West Germany to Adnan Menderes Airport, Turkey operated by a Boeing 737-200 that crashed near Seferihisar, Turkey on 2 January 1988. At the time, Condor was a subsidiary of Lufthansa.

Turkey

Jaffna lagoon massacre

The Jaffna lagoon massacre or Kilaly massacre occurred on January 2, 1993, when a Sri Lankan Navy Motor Gun Boat and a number of smaller speed boats intercepted a number of boats transporting people between the south and north shores of the Jaffna Lagoon in the Northern province in Sri Lanka, and attacked them under the glare of a spot light. The estimated number of deaths range from thirty five (35) to one hundred (100). However, only fourteen (14) bodies were recovered. It was reported that other victims of this massacre were burnt along with their boats.

Sri Lanka

Singaporean general election, 1997

The 1997 Singaporean parliamentary election was an election in Singapore which was held on 2 January 1997. 765,332 out of the eligible 1.8 million voters voted and selected their next government. The election results was released in the late evening that day and the ruling People's Action Party won a total of 81 out of 83 seats as well as a tenth consecutive term in office under the then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. Other major political parties contesting in the election were the Workers' Party, Singapore Democratic Party, National Solidarity Party, Singapore People's Party and the Democratic Progressive Party.

Singapore

2005 Croatian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Croatia in January 2005, the fourth such elections since independence in 1991. They were the first presidential elections held after the constitutional reforms of November 2000, which replaced a semi-presidential system with an incomplete parliamentary system, greatly reducing the powers of the president in favor of the Prime Minister and the cabinet.

This entry records the first round, as dated in the source infobox.

Croatia

Operation Baja California

Operation Tijuana or Operation Baja California (Spanish: Operativo Tijuana or Operación Baja California) of the Government of Mexico is taking place in Tijuana and the surrounding areas of Baja California and Baja California Sur. This operation is part of the Joint Operation Against Drug Trafficking.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Mexico

UFC 108

UFC 108: Evans vs. Silva was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on January 2, 2010 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the MGM Grand Garden Arena.

Las Vegas, United States

Guerra de Empresas (January 2011)

Guerra de Empresas (2011) (Spanish for "War of the Promotions") was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), which took place on January 2, 2011 in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, Mexico. IWRG's Guerra de Empresas series of events all center around inter-promotional competition with tag teams representing IWRG as well as a number of other wrestling promotions represented by one or more tag teams. While wrestlers all represented their "home" promotion most had competed on IWRG events prior to this event, either through IWRG's working relationship with AAA or due to be in independent contractors and not signed exclusively with one specific wrestling promotion.

Naucalpan, Mexico

Harbin Daowai fire

A fire broke out in the Daowai district of Harbin, China. Part of the burning building later collapsed during firefighting operations.

China

UFC 195

UFC 195: Lawler vs. Condit was a mixed martial arts event held on January 2, 2016 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Las Vegas Valley, United States · Nevada, United States

2019 in Wu Lin Feng

The year 2019 is the 16th year in the history of the Wu Lin Feng, a Chinese kickboxing promotion.

Xi Jinping addresses the anniversary of the Message to Compatriots in Taiwan

The Message to Compatriots in Taiwan (Chinese: 告台湾同胞书; pinyin: Gào Táiwān Tóngbāo Shū) is an open letter issued to Taiwan by the Chinese Communist Party, eight minor political parties, the National People's Congress and other affiliated people's organizations after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is regarded as the earliest policy document of the Chinese Communist Party and the government of the People's Republic of China on cross-strait relations.

2022 Arauca clashes

On 2 January 2022, 23 people were killed in clashes between far-left guerrilla groups in Arauca Department, Colombia. The National Liberation Army (ELN) clashed with Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) dissidents near the border with Venezuela. FARC agreed to a ceasefire in 2016, but there are around 5,000 dissidents currently operating. There are about 2,500 active ELN members.

Colombia

NXT: New Year's Evil (2024)

The 2024 NXT: New Year's Evil was a professional wrestling television special produced by WWE for its developmental brand NXT. It was the fourth annual NXT: New Year's Evil and fifth New Year's Evil overall. The event took place on January 2, 2024, at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida and aired live as a special episode of WWE's weekly television series NXT on the USA Network.

Florida, United States