1月3日发生过什么？

Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (except Jews) to make sacrifices to the Roman gods

The Roman Empire was a state that dominated the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa during the classical period. The Roman Republic had previously conquered most of these territories, which later came under permanent single-person rule following Octavian's rise to power and the establishment of the Augustan Principate in 27 BC. By the late 3rd century AD, the empire had been divided many times.

Pope Leo X issued the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, excommunicating Martin Luther for refusing to retract 41 alleged errors found in his 95 Theses and other writings

Pope Leo X (Italian: Leone X; born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, 11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death in December 1521. Born into the prominent political and banking Medici family of Florence, Giovanni was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the de-facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1489.

Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)

The Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)(Khmer: សង្គ្រាមសៀម-កម្ពុជា (១៥៩១-១៥៩៤),Thai: สงครามสยาม-กัมพูชา พ.ศ. 2134), also known as The Siamese Invasion of Longvek, was a military conflict fought between the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the Kingdom of Cambodia. The war began in 1591 when Ayutthaya invaded Cambodia in response to continuous Khmer raids into their territory. The Kingdom of Cambodia was also facing religious disagreements within the country. This gave the Siamese a perfect opportunity to invade. The first invasion was interrupted before it achieved its goals. The Ayutthayan king Naresuan returned two years later, eventually subjugating the whole country and finally sacking the Cambodian capital of Longvek on 3 January 1594.

Cambodia

The first issue of Berlingske, Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, is published

Berlingske, previously known as Berlingske Tidende (Danish: [ˈpɛɐ̯le̝ŋskə ˈtsʰiːðn̩ə], 'Berling's Times'), is a Danish national daily newspaper based in Copenhagen. It is considered a newspaper of record for Denmark. First published on 3 January 1749, Berlingske is Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper and among the oldest newspapers in the world.

Battle of Princeton

The Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777) was a pivotal battle in which General George Washington's revolutionary forces defeated British forces near Princeton, New Jersey. On the night of January 2, 1777 George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek in Trenton. That night, he evacuated his position, circled around General Lord Cornwallis' army, and went to attack the British garrison at Princeton. Brigadier General Hugh Mercer of the Continental Army clashed with two regiments under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood of the British Army.

New Jersey, United States

Battle of Videau's Bridge

The Battle of Videau's Bridge (also known as Smith's plantation) was an engagement of the American Revolutionary War fought on January 3, 1782 in Charles Town District, currently Berkeley County, South Carolina. The British routed an American force opposing a foraging expedition they sent from Charleston. The British claimed to kill 57 and capture 20 Americans.

South Carolina, United States

Battle of Shimoga

The Capture of Shimoga, a town and fortress held by forces of the Kingdom of Mysore, occurred on 3 January 1792, after a preliminary battle with the attacking forces of the British East India Company and the Marathas, not far from the town on 29 December, had scattered much of its defending army. The defenders surrendered after the fort's walls were breached.

Battle of Noirmoutier (1794)

The Battle of Noirmoutier was a confrontation in the War in the Vendée which took place on 3 January 1794 between the Republicans and the Vendeans for control of the island of Noirmoutier. Situated in the Bay of Bourgneuf and linked to the mainland by the Gois causeway, the island was occupied on 12 October 1793 by General Charette's Vendean troops.

Vendée, France

Battle of Cacabelos

The Battle of Cacabelos was a minor battle of the Peninsular War that took place on 3 January 1809, at the bridge just outside the village of Cacabelos, Province of León, Spain, as Sir John Moore's British army was making its retreat to A Coruña. The French cavalry Brigadier General Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais was killed by a sharpshooter at Cacabelos.

Province of León, Spain

1812 Virginia gubernatorial special election

A gubernatorial special election was held in Virginia on January 3, 1812. The speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates James Barbour was elected without opposition. The previous governor of Virginia George W. Smith died on December 26, 1811. Peyton Randolph succeeded to office in his capacity as president of the Council of State and acted as governor until the election of a successor.

Virginia, United States

Battle of Arapey

The Battle of Arapey was an encounter between the Luso-Brazilian forces under José de Abreu Mena Barreto and the Artiguist forces led by José Artigas, the independentist caudillo himself, in Salto, modern-day Uruguay. On 3 January 1817 Abreu attacked Artigas army in its camp, surprising the defenders. The Luso-Brazilian forces secured a victory and seized all of the supplies of the independentist army.

Uruguay

1831 Maryland gubernatorial election

The 1831 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on January 3, 1831, in order to elect the governor of Maryland. Former National Republican governor Daniel Martin was elected by the Maryland General Assembly against incumbent Democratic governor Thomas King Carroll in a rematch of the previous election.

Maryland, United States

Peruvian Civil War of 1834

The Peruvian Civil War of 1834 was a revolt by supporters of former president Agustín Gamarra against the government. Gamarra had wanted Pedro Pablo Bermúdez as his successor to the presidency instead of Luis José de Orbegoso. On April 17, 1834, the two sides clashed in the Battle of Huaylacucho, in Huancavelica resulting in a victory for the revolutionaries. On April 24, 1834, there was another clash near Jauja.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of Liberia

Joseph Jenkins Roberts (March 15, 1809 – February 24, 1876) was an African American merchant who emigrated to Liberia in 1829, where he became a politician. Elected as the first (1848–1856) and seventh (1872–1876) president of Liberia after independence, he was the first man of African descent to govern the country, serving previously as governor from 1841 to 1848.

American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by Southern states that had seceded from the Union to preserve slavery in the United States.

Battle of Cockpit Point

The Battle of Cockpit Point, the Battle of Freestone Point, or the Battle of Shipping Point, took place on January 3, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the blockade of the Potomac River during the American Civil War. After victory at First Battle of Bull Run, the Confederate States Army (CSA) established a defensive line from Centreville along the Occoquan River to the Potomac River. The Confederates used the Potomac’s banks as gun positions to halt Union traffic on the river, protecting Manassas Junction to the west and Fredericksburg to the south and to close the Potomac River to shipping and isolate Washington.

Virginia, United States

Construction work begins on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, United States

The Brooklyn Bridge is a cable-stayed suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing of the East River. It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world when opened, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water.

Battle of Bapaume (1871)

The Battle of Bapaume was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War which defeated French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Prone. The battle was fought on 3 January 1871 near the town of Bapaume. The Prussian 1st Army had reached Bapaume at the end of December while at the same time the French Army of the North under Faidherbe moved out to break the German siege of Prone. Both sides encountered each other near Bapaume. Although Faidherbe's green troops held their own against the outnumbered but experienced Prussians, they didn't follow up their advantage and retreated.

Bapaume, France

In the Battle of Bapaume, an engagement in the Franco-Prussian War, General Louis Faidherbe's forces bring about a Prussian retreat

The Franco-Prussian War, occasionally known as the Franco-German War, and sometimes referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between France and the North German Confederation led by Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871, the conflict was caused primarily by France's determination to reassert its dominant position in continental Europe, which appeared in question following the decisive Prussian victory over Austria in 1866.

Battle of Núi Bop

The Battle of Núi Bop (3–4 January 1885) was a French victory during the Sino-French War. The battle was fought to clear Chinese forces away from the French forward base at Chu, and was an essential preliminary to the Lạng Sơn Campaign in February 1885.

Lạng Sơn, Vietnam

1888 Calgary municipal election

The 1888 Calgary municipal election was held on January 3, 1888 to elect a Mayor and six Councillors to sit on the fourth Calgary Town Council from January 16, 1888 to January 21, 1889. The 1888 election was the first after the Town Council had expanded from four councillors to six councillors.

Calgary, Canada

Finnish parliamentary election, 1911

Parliamentary elections were held in the Grand Duchy of Finland on 2 and 3 January 1911.

Finland

A gun battle in the East End of London leaves two dead. It sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill

The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. It does not have universally accepted boundaries on its northern and eastern sides, though the River Lea is usually seen as the easternmost boundary.

The 1911 Kebin earthquake devastates Almaty in Russian Turkestan

The 1911 Kebin earthquake, or Chon-Kemin earthquake, struck Russian Turkestan on 3 January. Registering at a moment magnitude of 8.0, it killed 452 people, destroyed more than 770 buildings (which was almost all of the city) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and resulted in 125 miles (201 km) of surface faulting in the valleys of Chon-Kemin, Chilik and Chon-Aksu.

The calendar date follows the earthquake’s January 3 UTC origin time. The introduction uses a moment-magnitude estimate of 8.0; historical magnitude estimates differ.

1912 Prince Edward Island general election

The 1912 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on January 3, 1912. The election was won by the governing Conservatives, led by incumbent Premier John A. Mathieson, nearly sweeping the island's 30 districts and granting the Conservatives their first clear general election victory since the 1886 election.

First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender

The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan states' combined armies overcame the initially numerically inferior (significantly superior by the end of the conflict) and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success.

1920 Xalapa earthquake

A moment magnitude 6.3–6.4 earthquake affected southeastern Mexico, in the states of Puebla and Veracruz, on 3 January 1920 at 22:25 local time. A maximum Mercalli-Cancani intensity of XI–XII (Extreme) was recorded in the epicenter, between Chilchotla and Patlanalá. While estimates of the death toll vary across different sources, ranging from 648 to 4,000 fatalities, it is the second deadliest earthquake in Mexico, behind another earthquake in 1985 that killed more than 9,000 people.

Minnie D. Craig becomes the first woman elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives, the first woman to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States

Minnie Craig (née Davenport, November 4, 1883 – July 2, 1966) was an American legislator, notable as the first female speaker of a state House of Representatives in the United States. Born in Phillips, Maine on November 4, 1883 to Marshall and Aura (Prescott) Davenport, Minnie Davenport was a bright student. After graduating from the Farmington State Normal School she attended the New England Conservatory of Music and became a school teacher.

1936 Tschammerpokal final

The 1936 Tschammerpokal final decided the winner of the 1936 Tschammerpokal, the 2nd season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 3 January 1937 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. VfB Leipzig won the match 2–1 against Schalke 04 to claim their 1st cup title.

Berlin, Germany

Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time

The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Members of Congress are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor's appointment.

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, is established

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (lit. 'Central Bank of the Philippines'; commonly abbreviated as BSP in both Filipino and English) is the government-owned central bank of the Philippines. It was established on January 3, 1949, and then re-established on July 3, 1993, pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019.

Tianjin campaign

The Tianjin campaign was the epitome of the Pingjin campaign, fought between the nationalists and the communists during the Chinese Civil War in the post-World War II era. The result of the Tianjin campaign helped to determine the outcome of the Pingjin campaign. The original communist plan was to capture Tanggu first to cut off the nationalist escape route via sea and then force the nationalists in Beijing and Tianjin to surrender, in order to save the two historical cities from the destruction of the war.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

1950 Egyptian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 3 January 1950, with a second round on 10 January. The result was a victory for the Wafd Party. They were the last parliamentary elections that took place under the monarchy, and the last genuinely contested legislative election in Egypt until the election following the Revolution of 2011.

Egypt

Frances P. Bolton and her son, Oliver from Ohio, become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in the U.S. Congress

Frances Payne Bolton (née Bingham; March 29, 1885 – March 9, 1977) was an American politician from the Republican Party. She served in the United States House of Representatives, and was the first woman elected to Congress from Ohio. In the late 1930s, Bolton took an isolationist position on foreign policy, opposing the Selective Service Act in 1940 which introduced the draft, and opposing Lend-Lease in 1941.

A fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower ( EYE-fəl; French: Tour Eiffel [tuʁ ɛfɛl] ) is a lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower from 1887 to 1889. Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady") for its use of wrought iron, it was constructed as the centrepiece of the 1889 World's Fair, and to crown the centennial anniversary of the French Revolution.

The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch

The Hamilton Watch Company is a Swiss watch manufacturer based in Bienne, Switzerland. Founded in 1892 as an American firm, the Hamilton Watch Company ended American manufacture in 1969, shifting manufacturing operations to the Buren factory in Switzerland. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the Hamilton Watch Company eventually became integrated into the Swatch Group, the world's largest watch manufacturing and marketing conglomerate.

The West Indies Federation is formed

The West Indies Federation, also known as the West Indies, the Federation of the West Indies or the West Indian Federation, was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were part of the British Empire, including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica, and those on the Leeward and Windward Islands, came together to form the Federation, with its capital in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

Aero Flight 311

Aero Flight 311, often referred to as the Kvevlax air disaster, was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by Aero O/Y (now Finnair) between Kronoby and Vaasa in Finland. The aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, crashed in the municipality Kvevlax (Finnish: Koivulahti), nowadays part of Korsholm (Finnish: Mustasaari) on 3 January 1961, killing all twenty-five people on board. The disaster remains the deadliest aviation accident in Finnish history.

Finland

Cold War: After a series of economic retaliations against one another, the United States severs diplomatic relations with Cuba

The Cold War was a period of international geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc. It began in the aftermath of the Second World War and ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

The SL-1 nuclear reactor, near Idaho Falls, Idaho, is destroyed by a steam explosion in the only reactor incident in the United States to cause immediate fatalities

Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, also known as SL-1, initially the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR), was a United States Army experimental nuclear reactor at the National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS) in Idaho about forty miles (65 km) west of Idaho Falls, now the Idaho National Laboratory. It operated from 1958 to 1961, when an accidental explosion killed three plant operators, leading to changes in reactor design.

1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état

The 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état was an event which took place on 3 January 1966 in the Republic of Upper Volta (today Burkina Faso), when following large-scale popular unrest, the military intervened against the government. This forced President Maurice Yaméogo to resign, and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Sangoulé Lamizana. Lamizana would go on to rule until 1980, when yet another military coup d'état overthrew him.

Finnish parliamentary election, 1972

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 2 and 3 January 1972.

Finland

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (GA) on 16 December 1966 through GA. Resolution 2200A (XXI), and came into force on 3 January 1976. It commits its parties to work toward the granting of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) to all individuals including those living in Non-Self-Governing and Trust Territories.

This entry records the entry into force, as dated in the source infobox.

Apple Computer is incorporated

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley, and known for consumer electronics, software and online services. Founded in 1976 as Apple Computer Company by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, the company was incorporated by Jobs and Wozniak as Apple Computer, Inc. the following year. Its current name was adopted in 2007 as the company expanded its focus from computers to consumer electronics.

Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 1980

The second elections to the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on January 3, 1980. The election was held simultaneously to the 1980 Lok Sabha election. Thirty seats were up for election. A total of 95 candidates contested; 28 from the Indian National Congress (Indira), 28 from the People's Party of Arunachal, 11 from the Indian National Congress (Urs) and 28 independents. The PPA candidate in the Niausa Kanubari constituency, Wanglhu Wangshu, was elected unopposed. INC(I) won 13 seats (with 72,734 votes, 42.58%). The PPA also won 13 seats, with 70,006 votes (40.98%). The remaining four seats went to independents.

India

Varig Flight 797

Varig Flight 797 was a scheduled passenger flight from Abidjan, Ivory Coast to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On 3 January 1987, the Boeing 707 crashed during an emergency return to Abidjan, killing all 12 crew members and 38 of the 39 passengers. After an engine failure, the pilot decided to turn back but misjudged the approach and stalled the aircraft.

Ivory Coast

Manuel Noriega surrenders to United States forces during the invasion of Panama

The United States invasion of Panama began on 20 December 1989 during the presidency of George H. W. Bush. Its purpose was to depose Panama’s de facto ruler, General Manuel Noriega, who was wanted by United States authorities for racketeering and drug trafficking. Noriega surrendered to United States authorities on 3 January 1990. Operation Just Cause continued until 31 January 1990.

This entry records Noriega’s January 3 surrender, not the January 31 conclusion of Operation Just Cause.

CommutAir Flight 4821

On Friday, January 3, 1992, a Beechcraft 1900C operating CommutAir Flight 4821 crashed into a wooded hillside near Gabriels, New York while conducting an ILS approach to Runway 23 at the Adirondack Regional Airport. The cause of the accident was determined to be pilot error. There were two people killed in the crash, and two survivors.

1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia

The 1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia was an armed conflict between the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), the Yugoslav Navy and the Yugoslav Air Force, and the Croatian National Guard (ZNG) then the Croatian Army (HV) during the Croatian War of Independence. The JNA was originally deployed in order to preserve Yugoslavia, and the initial plan of the campaign entailed the military occupation of Croatia and the removal of the Croatian leadership elected in 1990.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Croatia

Operation Hurricane-91

Operation Hurricane-91 (Croatian: Operacija Orkan-91) was a military offensive undertaken by the Croatian Army (Hrvatska vojska – HV) against the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija – JNA) and SAO Western Slavonia Territorial Defense Forces in the Sava River valley, in the region of Western Slavonia during the Croatian War of Independence. The operation began on 29 October 1991 and ended on 3 January 1992 when a nationwide ceasefire was signed to implement the Vance plan.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Croatia

START II

START II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) was a bilateral treaty between the United States and Russia on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. It was signed by US president George H. W. Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin on 3 January 1993, banning the use of multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs) on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). Hence, it is often cited as the De-MIRV-ing Agreement.

Baikal Airlines Flight 130

Baikal Airlines Flight 130 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Irkutsk to Moscow operated by a Baikal Airlines Tupolev Tu-154 that crashed onto a dairy farm on 3 January 1994 in Mamony whilst the pilots were trying to return to the airport following a mid-air emergency. All 124 people on board were killed. Another person was killed on the ground.

Russia

1995 Trophée des Champions

The 1995 Trophée des Champions was a football match held at Stade Francis-Le Blé, Brest on 3 January 1996, that saw 1994–95 Coupe de France winners Paris Saint-Germain F.C. defeat 1994–95 Division 1 champions FC Nantes 6–5 on penalty kicks after a draw of 2–2.

Mars Polar Lander

The Mars Polar Lander, also known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, was a 290-kilogram uncrewed spacecraft lander launched by NASA on January 3, 1999, to study the soil and climate of Planum Australe, a region near the south pole on Mars. It formed part of the Mars Surveyor '98 mission. On December 3, 1999, however, after the descent phase was expected to be complete, the lander failed to reestablish communication with Earth.

Mars Polar Lander was launched on January 3, 1999, at 20:21:10 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from Space Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, aboard a Delta II 7425–9.5 launch vehicle.

IWRG 6th Anniversary Show

The IWRG 6th Anniversary Show was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on January 3, 2002. The show was held in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, which is IWRG's primary venue. As the name indicates the event commemorates the anniversary of IWRG, which was founded on January 1, 1996. In the main event the team of El Pantera and Pentagón Black defeated Bombero Infernal and Último Vampiro in a Relevos Increibles ("Incredible relays") match. The Relevos Increibles match teamed two rivals up as a tag team to wrestle another pair of rivals.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Israeli forces seize the Palestinian freighter Karine A in the Red Sea, finding 50 tons of weapons

Israel and the Palestinians are engaged in an ongoing military and political conflict about land and self-determination within the former territory of Mandatory Palestine. Key aspects of the conflict have included Palestinian refugees, the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the status of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, borders, security, water rights, the permit regime in the West Bank and in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian freedom of movement, and the Palestinian right of return.

Flash Airlines Flight 604

Flash Airlines Flight 604 was a charter flight from Sharm El Sheikh International Airport in Egypt to Charles de Gaulle International Airport in Paris, France, with a stop-over at Cairo International Airport, provided by Egyptian private charter company Flash Airlines. On 3 January 2004, the Boeing 737-300 that was operating the route crashed into the Red Sea shortly after takeoff from Sharm El Sheikh, killing all 135 passengers, most of whom were French tourists, and all thirteen crew members.

Paris, France · Cairo, Egypt

Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2005)

Operation Iron Hammer, also called Operation Matraqa Hadidia, was a military undertaking by the United States Armed Forces, and the New Iraqi Army, which was conducted east of Hīt, Iraq, from 30 November, to 3 January 2006, during the Iraq War, against the Iraqi insurgency. It was reported that both the New Iraqi Army, and the United States Armed Forces, sustained no losses during the operation.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

Soliman shooting

The Soliman shooting was a shootout that occurred on January 3, 2007 in the Tunisian region of Soliman, south-east of Tunis. The national police forces fought an armed group calling itself "Asad ibn al-Furat's army" which had been initially labeled by the government as "dangerous criminals". A previous shooting involving this same group had taken place on December 23, 2006, placing it in a context of jihadist terrorism and anarchist, insurgent, Islamist militancy.

2008 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses

The 2008 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses took place on January 3, 2008. The Iowa Republican caucuses are an unofficial primary, with the delegates to the state convention selected proportionally via a straw poll. The Iowa caucuses mark the traditional formal start of the delegate selection process for the 2008 United States presidential election.

Iowa, United States

2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses

The 2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucus was held on January 3, and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party. It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election. Also referred to as "the First in the Nation Caucus," it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides.

United States

The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the Genesis block, is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto

Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC; sign: ₿) is the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Based on a free-market ideology, bitcoin was invented in 2008 when an unknown person published a white paper under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto. Use of bitcoin as a currency began in 2009, with the release of its open-source implementation. From 2021 to 2025, El Salvador adopted it as legal tender currency before revoking it.

2009–10 Indian Federation Cup final

The 2009–10 Indian Federation Cup final was the 32nd final of the Indian Federation Cup, the top knock-out competition in India, and was contested between Kolkata giants East Bengal and Shillong Lajong on 3 January 2010. East Bengal won the final 3–0 via penalty shootouts after the game ended 0–0 after added extra time, to claim their sixth Federation Cup title.

India

Marshallese presidential election, 2012

An indirect presidential election was held in the Marshall Islands on 3 January 2012 following the 2011 general election.

This entry records the presidential vote in the newly elected parliament on 3 January 2012, following the November 2011 general election.

Marshall Islands

2012 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses

The 2012 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses took place on January 3, 2012. Using the media's generally accepted definition of the Iowa Republican caucus as the non-binding secret polling at caucus sites and using the incomplete data available, the 2012 Iowa Republican caucus was the closest race in Iowa caucus history with only a thirty-four vote margin (about 3⁄100th of a percent) separating former senator Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania, who received 29,839 votes (24.56%), and former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, who received 29,805 votes (24.53%).

Iowa, United States

2012 Plaid Cymru leadership election

The 2012 Plaid Cymru leadership election was held following the resignation of Ieuan Wyn Jones following the 2011 Assembly Elections. Following the election Jones originally stated that he would resign in the first half of the Assembly term. Nominations officially opened on 3 January 2012. The leadership was fought by former Agriculture Minister Elin Jones, former party leader Dafydd Elis-Thomas and backbencher Leanne Wood.

Leyenda de Plata (2014)

The Leyenda de Plata (2014) was professional wrestling tournament produced by the Mexican wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLLl; Spanish "World Wrestling Council") that ran from December 20, 2013, over the course of three of CMLL's Friday night shows in Arena México with the finals on January 3, 2014. The annual Leyenda de Plata tournament is held in honor of lucha libre legend El Santo and is one of CMLL's most important annual tournaments.

This entry records the listed event date, as dated in the source infobox.

Mexico

UFC 182

UFC 182: Jones vs. Cormier was a mixed martial arts event held on January 3, 2015 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Las Vegas Valley, United States · Nevada, United States

2015 MFF Charity Cup

The 2015 MFF Charity Cup is the 4th MFF Charity Cup, an annual Myanmar football match played between the winners of the previous season's Myanmar National League and 2014 MFF Cup. The match was contested by Ayeyawady United, the 2014 MFF Cup winners, and Yadanarbon F.C., champions of the 2014 Myanmar National League. It was held at Aung San Stadium on 3 January 2015.

2015 Baga massacre

The 2015 Baga massacre was a series of mass killings carried out by the Boko Haram group in the north-eastern Nigerian town of Baga and its environs, in the state of Borno, between 3 January and 7 January 2015. The attack began on 3 January when Boko Haram overran a military base that was the headquarters of the Multinational Joint Task Force containing troops from Chad, Niger, and Nigeria.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

IWRG 20th Anniversary Show

The IWRG 20th Anniversary Show was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) professional wrestling promotion on January 3, 2016. The show was held in Arena Naucalpan, Naucalpan, State of Mexico, which is IWRG's primary venue. As the name indicates the event commemorates the anniversary of IWRG, which was founded on January 1, 1996. The main event of the IWRG 20th Anniversary Show was a Lucha de Apuestas, or "bet match" where both Toscano and Danny Casas put their hair on the line. Toscano lost the match and as a result had all his hair shaved off afterwards.

Naucalpan, Mexico · State of Mexico, Mexico

2015 SAFF Championship final

The 2015 SAFF Championship final was a football match that took place on 3 January 2016 at the Trivandrum International Stadium in Thiruvananthapuram, India, to determine the 2015 SAFF Championship winner. India defeated Afghanistan 2–1 in the extra time to win their seventh title after the match ended 1–1 in regular time.

India

2016 MFF Charity Cup

The 2016 MFF Charity Cup is the 5th MFF Charity Cup, an annual Myanmar football match played between the winners of the previous season's Myanmar National League and 2015 General Aung San Shield. The match was contested by Ayeyawady United, the 2015 General Aung San Shield winners, and Yangon United, champions of the 2015 Myanmar National League. It is held at Aung San Stadium on 3 January 2016.

Saudi Arabia severs diplomatic relations with Iran after attacks on its diplomatic missions

Ayatollah Sheikh Nimr Baqir al-Nimr (21 June 1959 – 2 January 2016), commonly referred to as Sheikh Nimr, was a Saudi Shia sheikh from Al-Awamiyah in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province. His arrest and execution were widely condemned by various governments and human rights organizations. He was popular among youth and critical of the Saudi Arabian government, advocating for free elections in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia announced the break on January 3, 2016. The attacks in Iran followed the execution of Nimr al-Nimr; this was not an Iranian announcement severing ties.

2017 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election

On January 3, 2017, the first day of the 115th United States Congress and two months after the 2016 U.S. House elections, the incoming members of the U.S. House of Representatives held an election for speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. This was the 125th U.S. speaker election since the office was created in 1789.

2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election

On January 3, 2019, the first day of the 116th United States Congress and two months after the 2018 U.S. House elections, the incoming members of the U.S. House of Representatives held an election for speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. This was the 126th U.S. speaker election since the office was created in 1789. House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi received 220 votes, a majority of the chamber, to become its speaker.

Chang'e 4 makes the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, deploying the Yutu-2 lunar rover

Chang'e 4 (; Chinese: 嫦娥四号; pinyin: Cháng'é Sìhào; lit. 'Chang'e No. 4') is a robotic spacecraft mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of the CNSA. It made a soft landing on the far side of the Moon, the first spacecraft to do so, on 3 January 2019. A communication relay satellite, Queqiao, was first launched to a halo orbit near the Earth–Moon L2 point in May 2018.

Assassination of Qasem Soleimani

On 3 January 2020, Qasem Soleimani, an Iranian major general, was assassinated by an American drone strike ordered by U.S. president Donald Trump near Baghdad International Airport in Iraq, while travelling to meet Iraqi prime minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi. Soleimani was commander of the Quds Force, one of five branches of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), which is designated as a terrorist organization by both the United States and European Parliament.

Iraq

Battle of Bangassou

On January 3, 2021, rebels from the CPC coalition and FPRC attacked Bangassou, the capital of Mbomou, Central African Republic, sparking clashes with MINUSCA peacekeepers. The CPC captured Bangassou within hours on January 3, forcing thousands of civilians to flee to the Democratic Republic of the Congo or to the MINUSCA base in Bangassou. The CPC abandoned the city on January 17 following an ultimatum by MINUSCA.

Central African Republic

2021 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election

On January 3, 2021, the 1st day of the 117th Congress and 2 months after the 2020 U.S. House elections, the incoming members of the U.S. House of Representatives held an election for speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. It was the 127th U.S. speaker election since the office was created in 1789.

2024 Kerman bombings

On 3 January 2024, a commemorative ceremony marking the assassination of Qasem Soleimani at his grave in eastern Kerman, Iran, was attacked by two bomb explosions. The attacks killed at least 95 people, and injured 284 others. The Iranian government declared the bombings a terrorist attack, the deadliest such incident in the country since the Cinema Rex attack of 1978.

Iran

2023 Trophée des Champions

The 2023 Trophée des Champions was the 28th edition of the French super cup. The match was contested by the 2022–23 Ligue 1 champions, Paris Saint-Germain, and the 2022–23 Coupe de France winners, Toulouse. Paris Saint-Germain won the match 2–0 for their record twelfth Trophée des Champions title.

France

2025 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election

An election for speaker of the United States House of Representatives took place on January 3, 2025, on the opening day of the 119th United States Congress, two months after the 2024 elections for the United States House of Representatives. The incumbent speaker, Republican Mike Johnson of Louisiana, was re-elected on the first ballot, defeating Hakeem Jeffries with a slim 218–215 majority.

The United States conducts airstrikes across northern Venezuela, including the capital Caracas and captures Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and first lady Cilia Flores

The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 contiguous states border Canada to the north and Mexico to the south, with the semi-exclave of Alaska in the northwest and the archipelago of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.