7月20日发生过什么？

Battle of Marcellae

The Battle of Marcellae (Bulgarian: Битката при Маркели; Greek: Μάχη των Μαρκελλών) was fought on the 20 July 792 between the forces of the Byzantine Empire, led by Constantine VI, and those of the First Bulgarian Empire under Kardam. The Byzantines were routed and forced to retreat to Constantinople. Fighting took place at Marcellae (Markeli), near the modern town of Karnobat in southeastern Bulgaria, the same site as an earlier battle in 756.

Bulgaria

Battle of Gunnislake New Bridge

The Battle of Gunnislake New Bridge took place on 20 July 1644 on and around Gunnislake New Bridge, a bridge over the River Tamar between Cornwall and Devon, during the First English Civil War.

Cornwall, United Kingdom

Battle of Inverkeithing

The Battle of Inverkeithing was a battle of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It was fought on 20 July 1651 between an English Parliamentarian army under John Lambert and a Scottish Covenanter army acting on behalf of Charles II, led by Sir John Brown of Fordell. Lambert's force was a seaborne expedition landed at Fife to get around the main Scottish position at Stirling. The battle resulted in a decisive English victory that gave Oliver Cromwell's forces control of the Firth of Forth and outflanked the defensive position of the main Scottish Army under David Leslie.

Inverkeithing, United Kingdom

Battle of Czarny Ostrów

The Battle of Czarny Ostrów took place on July 20, 1657, during the period in Polish history known as the Deluge. Polish Crown army commanded by Hetmans Stefan Czarniecki, Jerzy Lubomirski and Stanisław Potocki, supported by Crimean Tatars, defeated a Transilvanian-Cossack-Moldavian-Wallachian army of George II Rakoczi. In early 1657, following the Treaty of Radnot, southern Poland was invaded by Transilvanian army of George II Rakoczi. Since main Polish forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were engaged in fighting the Swedish Empire, only a division of Stanisław Potocki was sent southwards. Meanwhile, Rakoczi’s army headed towards Kraków, and its march was marked by widespread looting and destruction.

Chornyi Ostriv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine

Great Oulu fire of 1705

The great Oulu fire of 1705 was a conflagration that destroyed the parts of the city of Oulu, Finland. It consists of two fires in total, the first of which occurred on 20 July 1705, and the second on 28 August of the same year. A total of 144 houses and 121 granaries from the third and fourth districts of the city burned down in the fires.

Finland

Siege of Nauplia (1715)

The siege of Nauplia took place on 12–20 July 1715, when the Ottoman Empire captured the city of Nauplia (Napoli di Romagna), the capital of the Republic of Venice's "Kingdom of the Morea" in southern Greece. Although Nauplia was strongly fortified and had been further strengthened with the construction of Palamidi fortress by the Venetians, the Ottomans managed to overcome them.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Siege of St. Augustine (1740)

The siege of St. Augustine was a military engagement that took place during June–July 1740. It involved a British attack on the city of St. Augustine in Spanish Florida and was a part of the much larger conflict known as the War of Jenkins' Ear.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Capture of Turtle Bay Depot

The Capture of Turtle Bay Depot was a military raid that took place in the early American Revolutionary War on July 20, 1775. The raid was on Turtle Bay Depot, a British magazine and storehouse. On the night of July 20, 1775, a raid, conducted by the Sons of Liberty and led by Marinus Willett, John Lamb, Isaac Sears, and Alexander McDougall, attacked the Turtle Bay Depot in Manhattan, New York.

Battle of Island Flats

The Battle of Island Flats (also the Battle at Long Island of the Holston) was the opening battle of the American War of Independence in the west. The battle was fought in July 1776, and pitted the American regional Patriot militia against the British allied Cherokee forces in the Overmountain region of the American frontier.

Habsburg forces capture Cetin Castle

On July 20, 1790, Habsburg forces broke into Cetin Castle in present-day Croatia after a siege that began on June 22. The castle was set on fire, and surviving Ottoman troops surrendered or fled.

This records the capture of the castle, rather than the end of the wider military campaign.

Croatia

Vietnamese Civil War of 1789–1802

The Vietnamese Civil War of 1787–1802, or the Tây Sơn–Nguyễn Civil War of 1787–1802, was a conflict fought between two Vietnamese factions, the Tayson in the north, and the Nguyen loyalists in the south, both intended to unify the realm. Following the Tây Sơn rebellion (1771–1789), the kingdom of Dai Viet was partitioned into three regions ruled by the Tây Sơn brothers Nguyen Nhac, Nguyen Hue and Nguyen Lu.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Vietnam · Laos · Cambodia

Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada declare independence from Spain

The Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada [birejˈnato ðel ˈnweβo ˈrejno ðe ɣɾaˈnaða]), also called Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada) or Viceroyalty of Santa Fe, was the name given on 27 May 1717 to the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in northern South America, corresponding to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela.

Skirmish at Tegalreja

A skirmish at Tegalreja, the estate of Yogyakartan Prince Diponegoro, took place on 20 July 1825. The incident took place following a Dutch–Yogyakartan attempt to capture Diponegoro in order to prevent a brewing rebellion, which had in turn been incited by a government road project. The Dutch–Yogyakartan force failed to capture Diponegoro, who would escape to Selarong and trigger the Java War for the next five years.

Java War

The Java War (Javanese: ꦥꦼꦫꦁꦗꦮ; Dutch: De Java-oorlog; Indonesian: Perang Jawa), also known in Indonesia as the Diponegoro War (Javanese: ꦥꦼꦫꦁꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ; Indonesian: Perang Diponegoro), was an armed conflict in central and eastern Java from 1825 to 1830, between native Javanese rebels headed by Prince Diponegoro and the Dutch East Indies supported by Javanese princely states. It is considered a watershed in Javanese history, culture, and society.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Tura

The Battle of Tura was fought around the village of Tura by the cavalry of the IX. and the X. corps of the Hungarian revolutionary army led by General Mór Perczel and the Russian cavalry detachment led by Lieutenant General Aleksandr Petrovich Tolstoy and the 1. brigade of the 5. infantry division led by Lieutenant General Ivan Mikhaylovich Labintsov.

Hungary

Battle of Devil's River

The Battle of Devil's River was an 1857 Indian War skirmish which took place in Texas along the Devils River. A small force of United States Army cavalry defeated an overwhelming force of Comanche braves after an epic journey across the desert.

United States

Battle of Peachtree Creek

The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought in Georgia on July 20, 1864, as part of the Atlanta Campaign in the American Civil War. It was the first major attack by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood since taking command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. The attack was against Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's Union army which was perched on the doorstep of Atlanta. The main armies in the conflict were the Union Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas, and two corps of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Lt. Gen. John B. Hood.

Fulton County, Georgia, United States

Battle of Rutherford's Farm

The Battle of Rutherford's Farm, also known as Carter's Farm and Stephenson's Depot, was a small engagement between Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur and Union forces under Brig. Gen. William W. Averell on July 20, 1864, in Frederick County, Virginia, during the American Civil War, as part of Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early's Valley Campaign, resulting in a Union victory.

Frederick County, Virginia, United States

Capture of the North Frisian Islands

The capture of the North Frisian Islands and Rømø in July 1864 was the last military operation of the Second Schleswig War between Denmark and Prussia and the Austrian Empire around the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which belonged to Denmark. It ended with the occupation of the North Frisian Islands and Rømø by Austrian troops.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Lissa (1866)

On July 20, 1866, the Austrian and Italian navies fought near Lissa, now Vis in Croatia, during the Third Italian War of Independence. Wilhelm von Tegetthoff’s Austrian fleet defeated the Italian fleet led by Carlo Pellion di Persano.

Croatia

1902 Uruguay v Argentina football match

Uruguay 0–6 Argentina was an association football match between Uruguay and Argentina in 1902. It was the first international match for both sides, and also the first international held in South America. Argentina won 6–0, initiating a longtime rivalry between both teams, that have met more than 190 times since that first encounter, becoming the international derby with the most matches played worldwide, surpassing even the England–Scotland rivalry, which, first held in 1872, is the oldest fixture in the world.

Uruguay

Attack at Fromelles

The Attack at Fromelles (French pronunciation: [fʁɔmɛl] (Battle of Fromelles, Battle of Fleurbaix or Schlacht von Fromelles) was a military operation on the Western Front during the First World War on 19–20 July 1916. The attack was carried out by British and Australian troops and was subsidiary to the Battle of the Somme.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Corfu Declaration

On July 20, 1917, Serbian prime minister Nikola Pašić and Yugoslav Committee president Ante Trumbić concluded the Corfu Declaration on the Greek island of Corfu. The agreement set out plans for a common South Slavic state after the First World War.

July 20 is the Gregorian date; the corresponding Julian date was July 7.

Greece

First Battle of Grodno (1920)

The First Battle of Grodno took place between July 19 and July 20, 1920, during the Polish-Soviet War. In the effect of a three-day-long struggle for the control of the city of Grodno (modern Hrodna, Belarus), the town was captured by Russian forces, despite repeated counter-attacks by Polish infantry, tanks and armoured trains.

Grodno, Belarus

Druze rebels capture Salkhad

On July 20, 1925, Druze rebels led by Sultan Pasha al-Atrash entered Salkhad, in present-day Syria. The French Mandate garrison surrendered without significant resistance. The capture was one of the opening events of the Great Syrian Revolt; rebels had shot down a French reconnaissance aircraft the day before.

The aircraft incident occurred on July 19; the capture of the town followed on July 20.

Syria

1927 Turkish general election

General elections were held in Turkey in 1927. The Republican People's Party ("Association for the Defense of the Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia" until 9 September 1923) was the only party in the country at the time, as the Progressive Republican Party that had been set up in 1924 was dissolved the following year.

Turkey

1932 Prussian coup d'état

The 1932 Prussian coup d'état or Preußenschlag (German pronunciation: [ˈpʁɔʏsənˌʃlaːk]; lit. 'Prussian hit') took place on 20 July 1932, when Reich President Paul von Hindenburg, at the request of Franz von Papen, then Reich Chancellor of Germany, replaced the legal government of the Free State of Prussia with von Papen as Reich Commissioner.

Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits

The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits is a 1936 agreement that gives Turkey control over the Bosporus Straits and the Dardanelles and regulates the transit of naval warships. The Convention gives Turkey full control over the Straits and guarantees the free passage of civilian vessels in peacetime. It restricts the passage of naval ships not belonging to Black Sea states. The terms of the convention have been the source of controversy over the years, most notably concerning the Soviet Union's military access to the Mediterranean Sea. Signed on 20 July 1936 at the Montreux Palace in Switzerland, it permitted Turkey to remilitarise the Straits.

Switzerland

Hythe by-election, 1939

The Hythe by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 20 July 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Hythe.

United Kingdom

Battle of Bairoko

The Battle of Bairoko was a battle between American and Imperial Japanese Army and Navy forces on 20 July 1943 during the New Georgia Campaign in the Solomon Islands during the Pacific War. In the battle, U.S. Marine Raiders—supported by two U.S. Army infantry battalions—attacked a Japanese garrison guarding the port of Bairoko on the Dragons Peninsula on New Georgia. The day-long assault on well-prepared Japanese defensive positions by the Americans was unsuccessful. After calling-off the assault, the Americans withdrew to nearby Enogai. The American forces remained in the Enogai area until the end of the New Georgia Campaign.

Solomon Islands

Operation Goodwood

Operation Goodwood was a British offensive in the Second World War, that took place between 18 and 20 July 1944 as part of the battle for Caen in Normandy, France. Goodwood was preceded by preliminary attacks dubbed the Second Battle of the Odon. The offensive began when the British VIII Corps, with three armoured divisions, attacked to seize the German-held Bourguébus Ridge and the area between Bretteville-sur-Laize and Vimont and to inflict as much attrition on the German defenders as possible.

Normandy, France

20 July plot

The 20 July plot, sometimes referred to as Operation Valkyrie (German: Unternehmen Walküre), was a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany, and overthrow the Nazi government on 20 July 1944. The plotters were part of the German resistance, mainly composed of Wehrmacht officers. The principal mastermind of the conspiracy, Claus von Stauffenberg, tried to kill Hitler by detonating an explosive hidden in a briefcase.

South Korean presidential election, 1948

Presidential elections were held in South Korea for the first time on 20 July 1948, following the Constitutional Assembly elections earlier that year. The elections were indirect, with the president elected by the Assembly. Syngman Rhee was elected with 180 votes out of 196, and was to oversee the transfer of power from the United States Army Military Government in Korea. An important role was played in the run-up to the election by the dispute between Rhee and Kim Koo over the issue of holding separate elections in the South.

South Korea

1948 Palestine war

The 1948 Palestine war (30 November 1947 – 10 March 1949) was fought in the territory of what had been, at the start of the war, British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. It began as a civil war between the Arab and Jewish communities following the United Nations Partition Plan and became an international conflict with the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, the termination of the British mandate, and the entry of the armies of neighbouring Arab states into Palestine.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Air Battle of South Korea

The Air Battle of South Korea was an air campaign early in the Korean War occurring roughly from 25 June to 20 July 1950 over South Korea between the air forces of North Korea and the United Nations, including the countries of South Korea, the United States and the United Kingdom.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

South Korea · North Korea

Battle of Taejon

The Battle of Taejon (16–20 July 1950) was an early battle of the Korean War, between U.S. and North Korean forces. Forces of the United States Army attempted to defend the headquarters of the 24th Infantry Division. The 24th Infantry Division was overwhelmed by numerically superior forces of the Korean People's Army (KPA) at the major city and transportation hub of Daejon (then spelt Taejon).

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

South Korea

King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem

Abdullah I (Abdullah bin Hussein; 2 February 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the ruler of Jordan from 11 April 1921 until his assassination in 1951. He was the Emir of Transjordan, a British protectorate, until 25 May 1946, after which he was king of an independent Jordan. As a member of the Hashemite dynasty, the royal family of Jordan since 1921, Abdullah was a 38th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad.

Battle of Kumsong

The Battle of Kumsong, also known as the Jincheng Campaign (Chinese: 金城战役; pinyin: Jīn Chéng Zhàn Yì), was one of the last battles of the Korean War. During the ceasefire negotiations seeking to end the Korean War, the United Nations Command (UNC) and Chinese and North Korean forces were unable to agree on the issue of prisoner repatriation.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

July 1960 Ceylonese parliamentary election

Snap parliamentary elections were held in Ceylon in July 1960.

Battle of marker 233

The Battle of marker 233 took place on 20 July 1961, between Tunisian and French forces in the vicinity of Garet al Hamel.

4th Moscow International Film Festival

The 4th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 5 to 20 July 1965. The Grand Prix was shared between the Soviet film War and Peace directed by Sergei Bondarchuk and the Hungarian film Twenty Hours directed by Zoltán Fábri.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

5th Moscow International Film Festival

The 5th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 5 to 20 July 1967. The Grand Prix was shared between the Soviet film The Journalist, directed by Sergei Gerasimov and the Hungarian film Father, directed by István Szabó. The festival line-up included the film Spellbound Wood, directed by Norodom Sihanouk, the former King of Cambodia.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Special Olympics

Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, providing year-round training and activities to 5 million participants and Unified Sports partners in 172 countries and territories. Special Olympics events are held daily, in all levels including local, national regional and global competitions, adding up to more than 100,000 events a year. Like the International Paralympic Committee, the Special Olympics organization is recognized by the International Olympic Committee; however, unlike the Paralympic Games, its World Games are not held in the same year nor in conjunction with the Olympic Games. The Special Olympics World Games is a major event put on by the Special Olympics committee. The World Games generally alternate between summer and winter games, in two-year cycles, recurring every fourth year. The games were first held on July 20, 1968, in Chicago, Illinois, United States, with about 1,000 athletes from the U.S. and Canada.

Apollo 11 lands on the Moon

The Apollo 11 lunar module Eagle landed in the Moon's Sea of Tranquility with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin aboard. Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command module Columbia. The landing fulfilled the mission's central objective and was followed several hours later by humanity's first steps on the lunar surface. Armstrong and Aldrin collected samples, deployed experiments, and returned safely to the command module. The mission was a landmark in space exploration and the culmination of years of engineering and training. The lunar landing occurred on July 20 in UTC; Armstrong's first step occurred on July 21 in UTC.

Landing: July 20 UTC. First step: July 21 UTC. The place filter identifies Mission Control, not the Moon.

Mission Control, Houston, Texas

Turkish invasion of Cyprus

The Turkish invasion of Cyprus was a Turkish military invasion of the island country of Cyprus. It was launched on 20 July 1974, following the Cypriot coup d'état on 15 July 1974. The coup had been ordered by the military Junta in Greece and staged by the Cypriot National Guard in conjunction with EOKA-B. It deposed the Cypriot president Archbishop Makarios III and installed pro-Enosis Nikos Sampson. The aim of the coup was the annexation of the island by Greece and the Hellenic Republic of Cyprus was declared. In July 1974, Turkish forces invaded and captured 3% of the island before a ceasefire was declared.

Cyprus

Viking 1

Viking 1 is the first of two spacecraft, along with Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful Mars lander in history. Viking 1 operated on Mars for 2,307 days (over 61⁄4 years) or 2245 Martian solar days, the longest extraterrestrial surface mission until the record was broken by the Opportunity rover on May 19, 2010.

Johnstown flood of 1977

The Johnstown flood of 1977 was a major flood which began on the night of July 19, 1977, when heavy rainfall caused widespread flash flooding in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States, including the city of Johnstown and the Conemaugh Valley. On July 19, a deluge of rain hit the Johnstown area during the night.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Aeroflot Flight B-2 crashes after takeoff from Vitim Airport in the Sakha Republic, killing 39

Aeroflot Flight B-2 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight operated by Aeroflot from Vitim Airport in the Sakha Republic to Irkutsk International Airport near Irkutsk. On 20 July 1977, the Avia 14 operating this flight crashed into trees outside the airport shortly after takeoff. Thirty-three passengers and all six crewmembers were killed, while one passenger survived.

1980 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1980 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Semple Stadium on 20 July 1980 to determine the winners of the 1980 Munster Senior Hurling Championship. The final was contested by Limerick and Cork, with Limerick winning by 2-14 to 2-10. This was the 94th season of the Munster Senior Club Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association.

Somali Airlines Flight 40

On 20 July 1981, Somali Airlines Flight 40, a Fokker F27-600 Friendship operating a daily scheduled domestic passenger flight from Mogadishu International Airport to Hargeisa Airport, Somalia, crashed near the town of Balad a few minutes after takeoff killing all 44 passengers and 6 crew members on board. With 50 fatalities, it remains the deadliest aviation accident in Somalia.

Somalia

Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings

The Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings were carried out on 20 July 1982 in London, England. Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated two improvised explosive devices during British military ceremonies in Hyde Park and Regent's Park, both in central London. The explosions killed eleven military personnel: four soldiers of the Blues and Royals at Hyde Park, and seven bandsmen of the Royal Green Jackets at Regent's Park.

England, United Kingdom

1986 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final

The 1986 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on Sunday 20 July 1986 at FitzGerald Stadium, Killarney. It was contested by Cork and Clare. Cork, captained by Tom Cashman, claimed the title, beating Clare on a scoreline of 2–18 to 3–12.

1988 DFB-Supercup

The 1988 DFB-Supercup was the second DFB-Supercup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played at the Waldstadion in Frankfurt, and contested by league champions Werder Bremen and cup winners Eintracht Frankfurt. Bremen won the match 2–0 for their first title.

1989 Campeón de Campeones

The 1989 Campeon de Campeones was the 36th edition of this Mexican Super Cup football match played by: * League winners: América * Cup winners: Toluca Was played on July 20, 1989 at México DF, in a single match, to extra time.

1992 Tbilisi Tupolev Tu-154 crash

On 20 July 1992, a Tupolev Tu-154B cargo plane crashed during takeoff from Tbilisi-Novo Alexeyevka Airport in Georgia. The aircraft failed to become airborne and struck a residential area, killing all 24 on board and four more people on the ground. An investigation revealed that the aircraft's cargo was improperly loaded and partially undocumented, causing it to become overloaded.

Georgia

Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia

Václav Havel (Czech: [ˈvaːt͡slav ˈɦavɛl] ; 5 October 1936 – 18 December 2011) was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright, and dissident. Havel served as the last president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until 1992, prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 31 December, before he became the first president of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003. He was the first democratically elected president of either country after the fall of communism.

Vietnamese legislative election, 1997

Parliamentary elections were held in Vietnam on 20 July 1997. The Vietnamese Fatherland Front was the only party to contest the election, although independent candidates were also allowed to run. The VFF won 447 of the 450 seats, with voter turnout was reported to be 99.6%.

Vietnam

1997 Indian Federation Cup final

The 1997 Indian Federation Cup final was the 20th final of the Indian Federation Cup, the top knock-out competition in India, and was contested between Kolkata giant East Bengal and Salgaocar of Goa on 20 July 1997 at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata. Salgaocar won the final 2–1 courtesy of a Golden goal by Bruno Coutinho in the extra-time to claim their third Federation Cup title.

India

1997 Ulster Senior Football Championship final

The 1997 Ulster Senior Football Championship final was played at St Tiernach's Park in Clones on 20 July 1997. It was contested by Cavan and Derry. Cavan were looking for their first title since 1969, while Derry hadn't won since 1993. Cavan entered the game as underdogs, but bridged a 28-year gap to win a record 39th Ulster title.

Beijing Guoan 9–1 Shanghai Shenhua

A 1997 Chinese Jia-A League round 10 fixture was contested at the old Workers' Stadium in Beijing between hosts Beijing Guoan and visitors Shanghai Shenhua on 20 July 1997. Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua were both established teams in the Chinese Jia-A League, who regularly occupied high league positions in the years before. The match was the first meeting between the two sides in the calendar year, with both teams going through their respective challenges.

1998 President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic election

Election of the President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic was held on 20 July 1998 after legislative election. Candidate of Civic Democratic Party Václav Klaus was elected the President. He was also supported by Czech Social Democratic Party as a result of Opposition Agreement.

Czechia

Attack on Orahovac

The attack on Orahovac was a three-day long clash in 17–20 July 1998 between the forces of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MUP) relieved by the 549th Motorized Brigade of Prizren of the Yugoslav Army (VJ) in and around the town of Orahovac.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Kosovo

2002 Tasmanian state election

A general election for the Tasmanian House of Assembly was held on Saturday 20 July 2002. The Labor government led by Premier Jim Bacon won a second term against the Liberal Party Opposition headed by Opposition Leader Bob Cheek in a landslide. The election was marked by a strong swing to both the Labor Party and the Tasmanian Greens at the expense of the Liberals, with Cheek losing his own seat.

2003 Arab Unified Club Championship final

The Arab Unified Club Championship final, also known as the 2003 Prince Faisal bin Fahd Tournament for Arab Clubs final, was the 19th final of the UAFA Club Cup, and the second since the Arab Club Champions Cup and the Arab Cup Winners' Cup were unified. The match took place on 20 July 2003, at Cairo Stadium in Cairo, Egypt, between Zamalek from Egypt, and Kuwait SC from Kuwait, Zamalek won the match 2–1 and earning their first (and only) UAFA Club Cup title.

Cairo, Egypt

North Carolina's 1st congressional district special election, 2004

The 2004 United States House of Representatives special election in North Carolina's 1st congressional district was held on July 20, 2004 to select the successor to Frank Ballance (D) who resigned due to health concerns and ongoing investigations which would ultimately culminate in criminal convictions on charges of committing money laundering and mail fraud. Each party held a nominating convention to choose their nominee for the special election. Democrats nominated Superior Court Judge and former State Supreme Court Associate Justice G. K. Butterfield, while Republicans chose security consultant Greg Dority. Butterfield overwhelmingly won the election to fill out the rest of Ballance's unexpired term.

North Carolina, United States

K-1 World MAX 2005 Championship final

K-1 World MAX 2005 Championship Final was a kickboxing event promoted by the K-1 organization. It was the fourth K-1 World MAX final for middleweight kickboxers (70 kg/152 lb weight class), involving eight finalists and two reserve fighters, with all bouts fought under K-1 rules. All eight of the finalists had won elimination fights at the K-1 World MAX 2005 World Tournament Open, while the reserve fighters were invited despite suffering defeats. As well as tournament matches there were also three super fights fought under K-1 rules (70 kg/152 lb weight class). In total there were sixteen fighters at the event, representing nine countries. The tournament winner was shoot boxing standout Andy Souwer who defeated reigning champion and tournament favorite Buakaw Por. Pramuk by split decision in a grueling final that went into two extension rounds. Souwer was helped in his route to the final by the fact that local hero (and one of the favorites) Masato was injured in his quarter final match and replaced by the much less renowned Yasuhiro Kazuya, who had suffered a cut in his reserve match win, something Souwer took full advantage of, winning by technical knockout. In the super fights the most notable result saw legendary Muay Thai champion Ramon Dekkers outclass former K-1 USA winner Duane Ludwig, winning via a wide unanimous decision. The event was held in Yokohama, Japan at the Yokohama Arena on Wednesday, July 20, 2005.

Yokohama, Japan

2007 Cinemalaya

The 3rd Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival was held from July 20 until 29, 2007 in Metro Manila, Philippines. Cinemalaya was presented by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the Film Development Council of the Philippines.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Philippines

2007 Albanian presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Albania on 20 and 27 June, 8, 11, 14, and 20 July, the sixth such elections since the collapse of the communist regime in 1991. The President of Albania is elected through a secret vote and without debate by the Parliament of Albania by a majority of three-fifths majority of all its members.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Albania

The Great American Bash (2008)

The Great American Bash (2008) was the fifth annual Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was presented by AT&T and took place on July 20, 2008, at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. The main match on the SmackDown brand was between Triple H and Edge for the WWE Championship. Triple H won the match and retained the WWE Championship after pinning Edge following a Pedigree.

Uniondale, New York, United States

5th Yerevan Golden Apricot International Film Festival

The 5th Yerevan Golden Apricot International Film Festival was a film festival held in Yerevan, Armenia from 13–20 July 2008. The festival had more than 450 submissions from 67 countries; viewers had an opportunity to see over 160 films. Among the honorable guests of the festival were Wim Wenders, Enrica Antonioni, Goran Paskaljevic, Dariush Mehrjui, Catherine Breillat, and others.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Armenia

2008 Polish Super Cup

The 2008 Polish Super Cup, known then as the 2008 Ekstraklasa Super Cup, was held on 20 July 2008 between the 2007–08 Ekstraklasa winners Wisła Kraków and the 2007–08 Polish Cup winners Legia Warsaw. Legia Warsaw won the match 2–1, winning the trophy for the fourth time in their history.

Dream 10

Dream.10: Welter Weight Grand Prix 2009 Final Round was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream on July 20, 2009. Dream's welterweight division has a 76 kilograms (168 lb) weight limit. The event was broadcast live in North America on HDNet.

2009 German Supercup

The 2009 German Supercup, known as the Volkswagen SuperCup for sponsorship reasons, was an unofficial edition of the German Supercup, a football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal competitions. The match was played at the Volkswagen Arena in Wolfsburg, and was contested by 2008–09 Bundesliga winners VfL Wolfsburg, and 2008–09 DFB-Pokal winners Werder Bremen.

2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash

The 2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash occurred on July 20, 2010, when gunmen from the Al-Shabaab terrorist group attacked a Kenyan border patrol along the border area in Liboi, Lagdera. There was a subsequent fierce exchange of fire between the two sides leading to the deaths of two militia and the wounding of one Kenyan officer.

2012 Aurora theater shooting

On July 20, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside a Mershops Town Center Century 16 movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, United States, during a midnight screening of the film The Dark Knight Rises. 24-year-old James Eagan Holmes set off tear gas grenades and shot into the audience with multiple firearms. Twelve people were killed and 70 others were injured, 58 of them due to gunfire.

Colorado, United States

Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)

The Hasakah Governorate campaign was a multi-sided military conflict between Syrian government forces, Kurdish forces, armed Syrian opposition groups, and Salafi jihadist forces, including al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in the Hasakah Governorate as part of the Syrian civil war. The clashes began with the People's Protection Units (YPG)'s entrance into the civil war in July 2012 and spread across the governorate.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Syria

2012 Cinemalaya

The 8th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival was held from July 20 until 29, 2012 in Metro Manila, Philippines. The awards night was held at the Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo (Main Theater) of the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Philippines

Kuomintang chairmanship election, 2013

The Kuomintang chairmanship election of 2013 (Chinese: 2013年中國國民黨主席補選) was held on 20 July 2013 in Taiwan with Ma Ying-jeou as the sole candidate. This was the fourth direct election of the chairman in the Kuomintang history. All registered, due-paying KMT party members were eligible to vote.

Taiwan

2013 Colombian clashes

On July 20, 2013, two clashes occurred in Colombia between government forces and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas. Nineteen soldiers were killed in the deadliest day since peace talks began in November 2012. The conflict came one day after a FARC-EP officer Alejandra had detained with a chain around the neck a vacationing U.S.

Colombia

2013 A-League All Stars Game

The 2013 A-League All Stars Game was a football match that took place on 20 July 2013 at ANZ Stadium in Sydney, contested between the A-League All Stars and English Premier League champions Manchester United.

Sydney, Australia

Syrian civil war: The Battle of Ras al-Ayn ends with the expulsion of Islamist forces from the city by the People's Protection Units (YPG)

The Syrian civil war was an armed conflict that began with the Syrian revolution in March 2011, when popular discontent with the Ba'athist regime ruled by Bashar al-Assad triggered large-scale protests and pro-democracy rallies across Syria, as part of the wider Arab Spring. The Assad regime responded to the protests with lethal force, which led to a series of defections, the emergence of armed opposition groups, and the civilian uprising descending into a civil war.

2014 Belgian Super Cup

The 2014 Belgian Super Cup is a football match that was played on 20 July 2014, between 2013–14 Belgian Pro League winners Anderlecht and 2013–14 Belgian Cup winners Lokeren, won by Anderlecht, winning their twelfth super cup. Anderlecht had played in eighteen previous editions of the Belgian Super Cup, winning in 1985, 1987, 1993, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2012 and their most recent appearance in 2013. Lokeren had played in a Belgian Super Cup once before, two years previous in 2012, also facing Anderlecht and losing 3-2.

Belgium

Battleground (2014)

The 2014 Battleground was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was the second annual Battleground and took place on July 20, 2014, at the Tampa Bay Times Forum in Tampa, Florida. The inaugural 2013 event was held in October as Battleground was originally intended to be an annual October event before it was moved up to July for 2014.

Florida, United States

Suruç bombing

On 20 July 2015, the Dokumacılar, the Turkish sect of the Islamic State (ISIL), executed a suicide attack in the Suruç district of Şanlıurfa Province in Turkey. The attack took place outside the Amara Culture Centre, killing 34 people including the perpetrator, and 104 further injuries.

Turkey

2015 Campeón de Campeones

The 2015 Campeón de Campeones was the 43rd edition of the Campeón de Campeones, an annual football super cup match. The match was contested on 20 July 2015, between Apertura 2014 winners América and Clausura 2015 winners Santos Laguna. Unlike previous editions, the match was played at a neutral venue, Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas, United States. This was the first edition of the cup since 2006.

United States

Super J-Cup (2016)

Super J-Cup: 6th Stage was the sixth Super J-Cup professional wrestling single-elimination tournament produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It was a two-night event, taking place on July 20, 2016 and August 21, 2016. The first round held on July 20 took place at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan, while the next three rounds took place on August 21 at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan.

Tokyo, Japan

2018 Iranian Super Cup

The 2018 Iranian Super Cup was the 4th Iranian Super Cup, scheduled to be played on July 20, 2018, between the 2017–18 Persian Gulf Pro League champions Persepolis and the 2017–18 Hazfi Cup champions Esteghlal. The result of match awarded 3-0 in favor of Persepolis, because of Esteghlal match withdrawal.

Iran

UFC on ESPN: dos Anjos vs. Edwards

UFC on ESPN: dos Anjos vs. Edwards (also known as UFC on ESPN 4) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on July 20, 2019, at the AT&T Center in San Antonio, Texas.

Texas, United States

Soyuz MS-13 launches towards the International Space Station

On July 20, 2019, Soyuz MS-13 launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan with three members of the Expedition 60 crew aboard. The spacecraft carried Alexander Skvortsov, Drew Morgan and Luca Parmitano to the International Space Station on the 50th anniversary of the first Moon landing.

Kazakhstan

2019 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election

Provincial elections were held in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's constituencies belonging to areas previously known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on 20 July 2019. After the election, the new members joined the already elected members from the rest of the province to complete the formation of 11th Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

2019 Belgian Super Cup

The 2019 Belgian Super Cup was a football match that took place on 20 July 2019 between Genk, the winners of the 2018–19 Belgian First Division A, and Mechelen, the winners of the 2018–19 Belgian Cup. In its eighth appearance, Genk won its second Belgian Super Cup after already winning the 2011 edition, by a convincing 3–0 margin.

2019 Israel Super Cup

2019 Israel Super Cup was the 24th Israel Super Cup (29th, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual football match in Israel.

2022 Sri Lankan presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 20 July 2022, following the resignation of president Gotabaya Rajapaksa on 14 July. The president of Sri Lanka was elected by the Parliament in a secret ballot to decide who would complete the remainder of Gotabaya Rajapaksa's term. Candidates were nominated in the Parliament on 19 July in advance of the election the following day.

Sri Lanka

2023 Uxbridge and South Ruislip by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Uxbridge and South Ruislip was held on 20 July 2023, following the resignation of former Prime Minister Boris Johnson as its member of Parliament (MP) on 12 June. The Conservative Party's candidate, Steve Tuckwell, narrowly held the seat with a reduced majority of 495 votes.

United Kingdom

2023 Selby and Ainsty by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Selby and Ainsty was held on 20 July 2023, following resignation of incumbent Conservative Party member of Parliament (MP) Nigel Adams. Keir Mather of the Labour Party won the seat, setting a record for the largest majority ever overturned by the party in a by-election at the time.

United Kingdom

2023 Somerton and Frome by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Somerton and Frome was held on 20 July 2023, following the resignation of the incumbent Conservative Party MP David Warburton on 17 June. The seat was won by Sarah Dyke of the Liberal Democrats. It was the first by-election in Somerset since the 1970 Bridgwater by-election, and was held on the same day as the 2023 Selby and Ainsty by-election and 2023 Uxbridge and South Ruislip by-election.

United Kingdom

2024 Tauranga mayoral election

The 2024 Tauranga mayoral election was held to elect the mayor of Tauranga as part of the 2024 Tauranga local elections. The election took place between 29 June and 20 July 2024, with the official results released on 25 July. It was the first election since the Minister of Local Government appointed a Crown Commission on 9 February 2021 to oversee all of Tauranga City Council's governance responsibilities.

New Zealand

UFC on ESPN: Lemos vs. Jandiroba

UFC on ESPN: Lemos vs. Jandiroba (also known as UFC on ESPN 60 and UFC Vegas 94) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on July 20, 2024, at the UFC Apex facility, in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

Nevada, United States

2024 Belgian Super Cup

The 2024 Belgian Super Cup was a football match that took place on 20 July 2024 between Club Brugge, winners of the 2023–24 Belgian Pro League, and Union SG, winners of the 2023–24 Belgian Cup.

2024 Tauranga City Council election

The 2024 Tauranga City Council election was a local election held from 29 June to 20 July in Tauranga, New Zealand, following the end of the crown commission. Voters elected the mayor of Tauranga and 9 city councillors, for the unusually quadrennial 2024–2028 term of the Tauranga City Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system was used.

New Zealand

2025 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

The 2025 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park in Dublin on 20 July 2025 between Cork and Tipperary, the culmination of the 2025 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. It was the 138th final of that sport's primary competition, the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Cork were strong favourites and led by six points at half time.

Dublin, Ireland

2025 Japanese House of Councillors election

Elections to the House of Councillors of Japan were held on 20 July 2025, with 124 of the 248 members of the upper house of the National Diet to be elected for a term of six years. The election took place about 10 months into the premiership of Shigeru Ishiba, who governed Japan as Prime Minister after he won the leadership of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in September 2024.

Japan

2025 Belgian Super Cup

The 2025 Belgian Super Cup, also known as the Volkswagen Supercup for sponsorship reasons, was a football match that took place on 20 July 2025 between champions of the 2024–25 Belgian Pro League, Union Saint-Gilloise, and Club Brugge, winners of the 2024–25 Belgian Cup. The match was a repeat of the previous edition, now with Union SG hosting instead of Club Brugge.

2025 Campeón de Campeones

The 2025 Campeón de Campeones was the 52nd edition of the Campeón de Campeones, an annual football super cup match. It took place on 20 July 2025 between América, the Apertura 2024 champion, and Toluca, the Clausura 2025 champion. The match took place at Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, California, hosting for the seventh time. Like previous editions, the Campeón de Campeones was contested at a neutral venue in the United States.

United States