7月21日发生过什么？

365 Crete earthquake

The 365 Crete earthquake occurred at about sunrise on 21 July 365 in the Eastern Mediterranean, with an assumed epicentre near Crete. Geologists today estimate the undersea earthquake to have been a moment magnitude 8.5 or higher. It caused widespread destruction in the central and southern Diocese of Macedonia (modern Greece), Africa Proconsularis (northern Libya), Egypt, Cyprus, Sicily, and Hispania (Spain). On Crete, nearly all towns were destroyed.

King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeat the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking the oath he gave in 902 to not return to Italy

Berengar I (Latin: Berengarius, Perngarius; Italian: Berengario; c. 845 – 7 April 924) was King of Italy from 887 and Holy Roman Emperor from 915 until his death in 924. He is usually known as Berengar of Friuli, since he ruled the March of Friuli from 874 until at least 890, but he had lost control of the region by 896.

Battle of Taillebourg

The Battle of Taillebourg, a major medieval battle fought in July 1242, was the decisive engagement of the Saintonge War. It pitted a French Capetian army under the command of King Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, and his younger brother Alphonse of Poitiers, against forces led by King Henry III of England, his brother Richard of Cornwall and their stepfather Hugh X of Lusignan.

Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.

Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1337)

The Battle of Cape St Vincent of 1337 took place on 21 July 1337 between a Castilian fleet commanded by Alfonso Jofre Tenorio and a Portuguese fleet led by the Luso-Genoese admiral Emanuele Pessagno (Manuel Pessanha). The fledgling Portuguese fleet was defeated, bringing a quick end to the brief Luso-Castilian war that begun in 1336.

Battle of Épila

The Battle of Épila was fought on July 21, 1348, near Zaragoza, in what is now Spain, between the supporters of the Union of Aragon and King Peter IV, led by Don Lope de Luna. This battle was the culmination of a long confrontation between a large segment of the nobility and the people of Aragon against the king, ending with the decisive defeat of the Union.

Battle of Shrewsbury

The Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on 21 July 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King, Henry IV, and a rebel army led by Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland. The battle, the first in which English archers fought each other on English soil, demonstrated "the deadliness of the longbow" and ended the Percy challenge to King Henry IV of England. Part of the fighting is believed to have taken place at what is now Battlefield, Shropshire, England, three miles north of the centre of Shrewsbury. It is marked today by Battlefield Church and Battlefield Heritage Park.

England, United Kingdom · Shrewsbury, United Kingdom · Shropshire, United Kingdom

Siege of Falaise (1450)

The siege of Falaise took place in 1450 during the Hundred Years War when French forces laid siege to Falaise in the English-controlled Normandy following their decisive victory at the Battle of Formigny.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Battle of Modrič

The Battle of Modrič (Albanian: Beteja e Modriçit) was an important battle between Skanderbeg's forces and a joint force of Hamza Kastrioti and Tahip Pasha. Skanderbeg gathered 14,000 men and marched against Tahip Pasha's army. Skanderbeg planned to first defeat Hamza and then to move around Tahip and encircle him. Hamza had as many as 12,000 troops. men under his personal command and was camped near the new fortress of Modrič.

North Macedonia

Ottoman invasion of Albania in 1452

The Ottoman invasion of Albania in 1452 (Albanian: Fushata shqiptare e Mehmetit II) was a campaign by the newly acceded Ottoman sultan Mehmed II against Skanderbeg, the chief of the League of Lezhë. Shortly after the first siege of Krujë, Murad II died in Edirne, and was succeeded by his son Mehmed II. Mehmed ordered nearly annual invasions of Albania which often resulted in multiple battles in one year.

French invasion of the Isle of Wight

The French invasion of the Isle of Wight occurred during the Italian Wars in July 1545. The invasion was repulsed. France had a long history of attacking the Isle of Wight, and the 1545 campaign proved to be the last time to date that the French have attempted to take it. Although the French forces, led by Claude d'Annebault, greatly outnumbered those of the English, the battles fought (including the battles of the Solent and Bonchurch) ended without a clear winner. However, as the French were repelled, it could be considered an English victory.

Isle of Wight, United Kingdom

Battle of Jemmingen

After the Battle of Heiligerlee, the Dutch rebel leader Louis of Nassau (brother of William the Silent) failed to capture the city of Groningen. Louis was driven away by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba and defeated at the Battle of Jemmingen (also known as Battle of Jemgum, at Jemgum in East Frisia, now part of Germany) on 21 July 1568.

Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation

Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation was a voyage of raid and exploration by English navigator and sailor Thomas Cavendish which took place during the Anglo–Spanish War between 21 July 1586 and 9 September 1588. Following in the footsteps of Francis Drake who circumnavigated the globe, Thomas Cavendish was influenced in an attempt to repeat the feat. As such it was the first deliberately planned voyage of the globe.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Siege of Breda (1637)

The fourth siege of Breda (21 July – 11 October 1637) was an important siege in the Eighty Years' War in which stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange retook the city of Breda, which had last changed hands in 1625 when the Spanish general Ambrogio Spinola conquered it for the Spanish Habsburgs. Hereafter, the city would remain in the hands of the Dutch Republic until the end of the war.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Netherlands

Battle of Cádiz (1640)

The Battle of Cádiz (1640) was a naval battle in the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659), which took place on July 21, 1640, when a French squadron under Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé attacked a Spanish convoy coming from the Americas. The attack occurred just in front of the coast of Cádiz.Armand de Breze employed a hitherto unknown tactic to attack the Spanish convoy from both sides. The Spanish lost a galleon and a small vessel but the convoy completed its journey and delivered most of its cargoes including its silver bullion. French losses are unknown.

Bay of Cádiz, Spain

Raid on Málaga (1656)

The Raid on Malaga was a military action by the English against the Spanish city of Málaga on July 21, 1656 as part of the Anglo–Spanish War (1654–1660). Five English ships, HMS Henry, HMS Ruby, HMS Antelope, HMS Greyhound and HMS Bryan, appeared at six in the morning in the Bay of Málaga, without that the Marquis of Mondéjar, governor of the city, raised the alarm. At 13:00 the English frigates approached the harbor and attacked a Genoese and a Sicilian galley. The Sicilian galley succeeded in escaping at the cost of 2 killed and the captain being wounded.

Málaga, Spain

Invasion of Martinique (1674)

The invasion of Martinique in 1674 was an unsuccessful attempt by the Dutch Republic to conquer the Caribbean island of Martinique from France. In spite of overwhelming Dutch superiority in men and ships, the French won a decisive and unexpected victory.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Treaty of Passarowitz

The Treaty of Passarowitz, or Treaty of Požarevac, was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Пожаревац, German: Passarowitz, Turkish: Pasarofça), a town that was in the Ottoman Empire but is now in Serbia, on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire and its adversaries, the Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice.

Serbia

Battle of Burkersdorf (1762)

The Battle of Burkersdorf took place on 21 July 1762 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). A Prussian army of 23,000 men fought an Austrian army of around 20,000 men. After the death of Elizabeth of Russia, czarina of Russia, her nephew Peter III came to the throne. Peter was a great admirer of Frederick the Great and all things Prussian, and Frederick used this to his advantage.

Poland

Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Turkish: Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması (also spelled Kuchuk Kainarjæ) was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Following the recent Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Kozludzha, the document ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74 and marked a defeat of the Ottomans in their struggle against Russia. The Russians were represented by Field-Marshal Rumyantsev while the Ottoman side was represented by Musul Zade Mehmed Pasha.

Bulgaria

Battle of Bull's Ferry

The Battle of Bull's Ferry on 20 and 21 July 1780 saw two American brigades under Brigadier General Anthony Wayne attack a party of Loyalist Americans led by Thomas Ward. The Loyalists successfully defended a blockhouse against an ineffective bombardment by four American artillery pieces and a failed attempt to storm the position by Wayne's infantry. During the action, American light dragoons under Major Light Horse Harry Lee drove off a large number of cattle that were kept in the area for the use of the British army in New York City.

New Jersey, United States

Battle of Colson's Mill

The Battle of Colson's Mill was a battle of the American Revolutionary War that took place in North Carolina on July 21, 1780. A Patriot militia under William Lee Davidson scattered a gathering of Loyalists at Colson's Mill, near the junction of the Rocky and Pee Dee Rivers in present-day Stanly County, North Carolina.

North Carolina, United States

Battle of Saldanha Bay (1781)

The Battle of Saldanha Bay was a naval action that occurred off the Dutch Cape Colony on 21 July 1781 during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. A squadron of Royal Navy warships under the command of commodore George Johnstone captured five Dutch East India Company ships; her own crew destroyed a sixth. Casualties on the Dutch side were minimal if any, and there were no British casualties.

Action of 21 July 1781

The action of 21 July 1781 (French: Combat naval en vue de Louisbourg, or Combat naval à la hauteur de Louisbourg) was a naval skirmish off the harbour of Spanish River, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia (present-day Sydney, Nova Scotia), during the War of American Independence. Two light frigates of the French Navy, captained by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse and Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville, engaged a convoy of 18 British ships and their Royal Navy escorts.

Battle of Parkumäki

The Battle of Parkumäki took place on July 21, 1789 during Gustav III's Russian War, Sweden won over the Russian Empire. During the time when the Russian general Ivan Ivanovich Michelson pulled his forces back, the Swedish commander Curt von Stedingk with about 1,300 men started his offensive against the remaining Russian general Schultz and his 1,000 soldiers whom stood by Parkumäki, and another 500 by Puiko. On July 21, Stedingk flanked and overwhelmed the both Russian positions and conquered their artillery. The Russians lost 200 men killed, 130 wounded and 500 captured during the fighting along with all their artillery, baggage and two standards lost to the Swedes, who suffered 186 men dead and wounded.

Rantasalmi, Finland

Invasion of France (1795)

The invasion of France (also known as the Battle of Quiberon) was a major landing on the Quiberon peninsula by émigré, counter-revolutionary troops in support of the Chouannerie and Vendée Revolt, beginning on 23 June and finally definitively repulsed on 21 July. It aimed to raise the whole of western France in revolt, bring an end to the French Revolution and restore the French monarchy.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Invasion of Ceylon

The invasion of Ceylon was a military campaign fought as a series of amphibious operations between the summer of 1795 and spring of 1796 between the garrison of the Batavian colonies on the Indian Ocean island of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and a British invasion force sent from British India.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of the Pyramids

The Battle of the Pyramids (French: Bataille des Pyramides), also known as the Battle of Embabeh (bataille d'Embabech), was fought on 21 July 1798 during the French invasion of Egypt and Syria. Occurring near the village of Embabeh, Ottoman Egypt, the battle was named by Napoleon after the distant Great Pyramid of Giza. After capturing Alexandria and advancing toward Cairo, Napoleon's army confronted Murad Bey's Mamluk-led forces.

Imbaba, Egypt

Battle of Castalla (1812)

In the Battle of Castalla (21 July 1812) a small Spanish army commanded by Joseph O'Donnell advanced to attack an Imperial French division under the leadership of Jean Isidore Harispe. O'Donnell's battle plan was poorly conceived and the outnumbered French smashed his center column before his right and left wings could intervene. The engagement occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

Castalla, Spain

Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians

Leopold I (Leopold George Christian Frederick; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865) was the first king of the Belgians, reigning from 21 July 1831 until his death in 1865. The youngest son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Leopold took a commission in the Imperial Russian Army and fought against Napoleon after French troops overran Saxe-Coburg during the Napoleonic Wars.

Battle of Wisconsin Heights

The Battle of Wisconsin Heights was the penultimate engagement of the 1832 Black Hawk War, fought between the United States state militia and allies, and the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes, led by Black Hawk. The battle took place in what is now Dane County, near present-day Sauk City, Wisconsin.

United States

Battle of Chinkiang

The Battle of Chinkiang was fought between British and Chinese forces in Chinkiang (Zhenjiang), Jiangsu province, China, on 21 July 1842 during the First Opium War. It was the last major battle of the war. The Chinese force consisted of a garrison of Manchu and Mongol Bannermen. In command of the British forces was Sir Hugh Gough. Leading one brigade was future British field marshal Sir Colin Campbell. The British capture of this stronghold allowed them to proceed to Nanking. Fought near the confluence of the Grand Canal and Yangtze River, the battle effectively blocked operation of the Caoyun system, a transport network vital for the movement of grain throughout the empire.

Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China

Battle of Dargo (1845)

The Battle(s) of Dargo or Dargo Campaign (Russian: Даргинский поход, romanized: Darginskiy pokhod) of 1845 was a series of military actions during the Murid War, the eastern phase of the Caucasus War of 1817–1864. During the campaign, Mikhail Vorontsov penetrated too deeply into enemy country, was surrounded, and partially fought his way out with heavy losses and was rescued by General R. K. Freitag.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as Battle of First Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was fought on July 21, 1861 in Prince William County, Virginia, near the city of Manassas, not far from Washington, D.C. It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.

Fairfax County, Virginia, United States

Battle of Bezzecca

The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria during the Third Italian War of Independence. It was a victory of Italian volunteers, the Corpo Truppe Volontarie led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, against Austrian forces and occurred during an Italian invasion of Trentino (began in late June). The Austrians, commanded by Generalmajor Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld consisted mainly of a mixture of locally-raised battalions and the elite Kaiserjäger light infantry.

1874 Invercargill mayoral election

The 1874 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1874. Thomas Pratt was elected mayor.

1876 Invercargill mayoral election

The 1876 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1876. John Cuthbertson was elected mayor.

1877 Invercargill mayoral election

The 1877 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1877. Joseph Hatch was elected mayor.

1879 Invercargill mayoral election

The 1879 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 21 July 1879. Councillor George Goodwillie defeated James Walker Bain.

Battle of Nipe Bay

The Battle of Nipe Bay on July 21, 1898, was an engagement of the Spanish–American War. The battle was fought in Nipe Bay, Cuba, by four United States Navy warships against the Spanish sloop-of-war Jorge Juan and three gunboats which were supported by forts guarding the harbor.

1906 Surry Hills state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Surry Hills on 21 July 1906 because of the resignation of John Norton (Independent). Norton blamed William Holman for an article in The Worker commenting on Norton's unnatural silence over the land scandals involving Paddy Crick and William Willis. Norton made a personal attack on Holman in parliament, challenging him to resign and both would contest Holman's seat of Cootamundra.

Australia

The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people

SS Columbia (1880–1907) was a cargo and passenger steamship that was owned by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company and later the San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company. Columbia was constructed in 1880 by the John Roach & Sons shipyard in Chester, Pennsylvania for the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company.

Brazil v Exeter City F.C. (1914)

Brazil vs. Exeter City F.C. was the first match involving the Brazil national football team. The match was part of the Exeter City tour of South America where the team played against Argentine and Brazilian teams, just like other British clubs toured before and after during the first years of football in the region.

Accession of Alexander Kerensky

Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian politician, lawyer and revolutionary who led the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months from late July to early November 1917 (N.S.). After the February Revolution of 1917, he joined the newly formed provisional government, first as Minister of Justice, then as Minister of War, and after July as the government's second Minister-Chairman.

Attack on Orleans

The attack on Orleans was a naval and air action during World War I on 21 July 1918 when a German submarine fired on a small convoy of barges led by a tugboat off Orleans, Massachusetts, on the eastern coast of the Cape Cod peninsula. Several shells fired during the engagement likely missed their intended maritime or aircraft targets and fell to earth in the area around Orleans, giving the impression of a deliberate attack on the town.

Massachusetts, United States

Wingfoot Air Express crash

The Wingfoot Air Express was an early Goodyear blimp that caught fire and crashed into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago on July 21, 1919. The Type FD airship, manufactured and owned by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, was transporting passengers from Grant Park to the White City amusement park.

Chicago, United States

Siege of Igueriben

The siege of Igueriben was a clash between the Rif tribes of Abd el-Krim and the Spanish army, from 16 to July 21, 1921, in the Spanish base of Igueriben where they were besieged by forces of Abd el-Krim. The clash ended with the victory of Abd el-Krim's forces, wiping out the Spanish contingent.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Morocco

Silesian Uprisings

The Silesian Uprisings were a series of three uprisings from August 1919 to July 1921 in Upper Silesia, which was part of the Weimar Republic at the time. Ethnic Polish and Polish-Silesian insurrectionists, seeking to have the area transferred to the newly founded Polish Republic, fought German police and paramilitary forces, which sought to keep the area part of the new German state founded after World War I and the subsequent revolutions in Germany.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Scopes trial

The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, also known as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case from July 10 to July 21, 1925, in which a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating the Butler Act, a Tennessee state law which outlawed the teaching of human evolution in public schools.

Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100.

Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia

The Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias of Catalonia (Catalan: Comitè Central de Milícies Antifeixistes de Catalunya, CCMA) was an administrative body created on 21 July 1936 by the president of the Government of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, under pressure by the anarcho-syndicalists of the National Confederation of Labor (CNT) and Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), which led the workers' struggle against the July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona.

Battle of Vercors

The Battle of Vercors in July and August 1944 was between a rural group of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) [maquis] and the armed forces of Nazi Germany which had occupied France since 1940 in the Second World War. The maquis used the prominent scenic plateau known as the Massif du Vercors (Vercors Plateau) as a refuge. The maquis carried out sabotage and partisan operations against the Germans.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

France

1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

The Democratic Party's 1944 nomination for Vice President of the United States was determined at the 1944 Democratic National Convention on July 21, 1944. U.S. Senator Harry S. Truman from Missouri was nominated to be President Franklin D. Roosevelt's running mate in his bid to be re-elected for a fourth term. How the nomination went to Truman, who did not actively seek it, is, in the words of his biographer Robert H.

World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler

Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (German: [ˈklaʊs fɔn ˈʃtaʊfn̩bɛʁk] ; 15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German army officer who is best known for his failed attempt on 20 July 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair, part of Operation Valkyrie.

Battle of Guam (1944)

The Battle of Guam (21 July – 10 August 1944) was the American recapture of the Japanese-held island of Guam, an American territory in the Mariana Islands captured by the Japanese in the First Battle of Guam in 1941 during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The battle was a critical component of Operation Forager.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

1945 Dunedin North by-election

The 1945 Dunedin North by-election was a by-election held during the 27th New Zealand Parliament in the Dunedin electorate of Dunedin North. The by-election occurred following the death of MP James W. Munro and was won by Robert Walls.

New Zealand

Battle of Balikpapan (1945)

The Battle of Balikpapan was the concluding stage of Operation Oboe, the campaign to liberate Japanese-held British and Dutch Borneo. The landings took place on 1 July 1945. The Australian 7th Division, composed of the 18th, 21st and 25th Infantry Brigades, with a small number of Netherlands East Indies KNIL troops, made an amphibious landing, codenamed Operation Oboe Two, a few miles north of Balikpapan.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Yetaishan Campaign

The Yetaishan Campaign (爷台山战役), also known as the Chunhua Incident (淳化事变) by the nationalists and dubbed the Yetaishan Counteroffensive (爷台山反击战) by the communists, was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists during Chinese Civil War shortly before the end of World War II, and resulted in the communist victory.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

People's Republic of China

1946 Turkish general election

General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party general elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party, which won 395 of the 465 seats. This election was held on the basis of open voting, secret counting and majority system, with the exception of judicial supervision (open vote, secret classification).

Turkey

North Atlantic Treaty

The North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty, forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949.

The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.

Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 3505 disappears while flying from Vancouver to Tokyo. The aircraft and its 37 occupants are never found

Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital and most populous city of Japan. The population of the city proper was over 14 million as of 2023. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and parts of six neighboring prefectures, is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the world, with 33 million residents as of 2025.

1952 Kern County earthquake

The 1952 Kern County earthquake occurred on July 21 in the southern San Joaquin Valley and measured 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale. The main shock occurred at 4:52 am Pacific Daylight Time (11:52 UTC), killed 12 people, injured hundreds more and caused an estimated $60 million in property damage. A small sector of damage near Bealville corresponded to a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), though this intensity rating was not representative of the majority of damage.

This entry records the local date, as dated in the source infobox.

United States

Sirimavo Bandaranaike (pictured) was sworn in as prime minister of Ceylon, becoming the world's first democratically elected female head of government

Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (née Ratwatte; 17 April 1916 – 10 October 2000), commonly known as Sirimavo Bandaranaike, was a Sri Lankan stateswoman who thrice served as Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 1960 to 1965, from 1970 to 1977, and from 1994 to 2000. She was the first woman in the world to be democratically elected prime minister in 1960.

13th Locarno Film Festival

The 13th Locarno Film Festival was held 21 July to 31 July 1960 in Locarno, Switzerland. Josef von Sternberg served as the jury president for the main competition. The winner of the Golden Sail, which was the festival's main prize prior to the Golden Leopard, was Il bell'Antonio directed by Alessandro Bolognini. Jiri Krejcik's film Vissi Princip was the winner of the FIPRESCI Special Jury Prize.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

Alaska Airlines Flight 779

Alaska Airlines Flight 779 was a contract cargo flight operated on July 21, 1961 by an Alaska Airlines Douglas DC-6A that crashed short of the runway at Shemya Air Force Base with the loss of all six crew members on board. The investigating board determined that the probable cause of the accident was a lack of approach and runway lighting and improper guidance by the air traffic controller.

Alaska, United States

Timaru by-election, 1962

The Timaru by-election 1962 was a by-election held in the Timaru electorate in Canterbury during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 21 July 1962. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Rev Clyde Carr of the Labour Party on 31 May 1962. Carr, who died on 18 September, had often been opposed to the party leaders.

New Zealand

1963 Cupa României final

The 1963 Cupa României final was the 25th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Petrolul Ploiești and Siderurgistul Galați, and was won by Petrolul Ploiești after a game with 7 goals. It was the 1st cup for Petrolul Ploiești. One week ago in a championship match against Dinamo Bacău, Petrolul's player Constantin Tabarcea died on the field.

3rd Moscow International Film Festival

The 3rd Moscow International Film Festival was held from 7 to 21 July 1963. The Grand Prix was awarded to the Italian film 8½ directed by Federico Fellini.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

18th Locarno Film Festival

The 18th Locarno Film Festival was held from 21 July to 1 August 1965 in Locarno, Switzerland. No Hollywood films were shown at the festival this year, though American independent film Who's Crazy? was screened. It featured actors from the New York-based Living Theatre troupe when they were in Belgium. Some even hitchhiked in to be at the festival in Switzerland.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

Switzerland

Operation Fillmore

Operation Fillmore was an operation conducted by the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division in Phú Yên Province, lasting from 26 March to 21 July 1966.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1968 Greek Football Cup final

The 1968 Greek Cup final was the 24th final of the Greek Cup. The match took place on 21 July 1968 at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium. The contesting teams were Panathinaikos and Olympiacos. It was Panathinaikos' ninth Greek Cup final and second consecutive in their 60 years of existence and Olympiacos' fifteenth Greek Cup final in their 43-year history.

Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA

Christopher Thomas Ewart Ewart-Biggs (5 August 1921 – 21 July 1976) was the British ambassador to Ireland, an author, and a senior Foreign Office liaison officer with MI6. He served as ambassador to Ireland from July 9, 1976 until his assassination 12 days later by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Sandyford, Dublin.

1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Sri Lanka on 21 July 1977. The result was a landslide victory for the United National Party, which won 140 of the 168 seats in the National State Assembly.

Sri Lanka

Egyptian–Libyan War

The Egyptian–Libyan War, also known as the Four Day War (Arabic: حرب الأيام الأربعة), was a short border war fought between Libya and Egypt that lasted from 21 to 24 July 1977. The conflict stemmed from a deterioration in relations that had occurred between the two states after Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had rebuffed Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's entreaties to unify their countries and had started to pursue peace negotiations with Israel in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War in 1973.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

10th Moscow International Film Festival

The 10th Moscow International Film Festival was held 7–21 July 1977. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Hungarian film The Fifth Seal directed by Zoltán Fábri, the Spanish film El puente directed by Juan Antonio Bardem and the Soviet film Mimino directed by Georgiy Daneliya.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

July 1978 Bolivian coup d'état

The July 1978 Bolivian coup d'état was the military takeover of the Bolivian government by General Pereda and his supporters at the expense of the Banzer regime. The Junta of Commanders that seized power in the coup promptly installed General Pereda as President of Bolivia on July 21, 1978. President Pereda would act as the Head of Government from July 21 until November 24, 1978, when he was overthrown in another coup led by General Padilla four months later.

12th Moscow International Film Festival

The 12th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 7 to 21 July 1981. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Brazilian film O Homem que Virou Suco directed by João Batista de Andrade, the Vietnamese film The Abandoned Field: Free Fire Zone directed by Nguyễn Hồng Sến and the Soviet-French-Swiss film Teheran 43 directed by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

13th Moscow International Film Festival

The 13th Moscow International Film Festival was held from 7 to 21 July 1983. The Golden Prizes were awarded to the Moroccan-Guinea-Senegalese film Amok directed by Souheil Ben-Barka, the Nicaraguan-Cuban-Mexican-Costa Rican film Alsino and the Condor directed by Miguel Littín and the Soviet film Vassa directed by Gleb Panfilov.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1988 Arab Cup final

The 1988 Arab Cup final was a football match that took place on 21 July 1988, at the Amman International Stadium in Amman, Jordan, to determine the winner of the 1988 Arab Cup. Iraq defeated Syria 4–3 on penalties after a draw 1–1 in regulation and extra time to win their fourth Arab Cup. This victory marked Iraq's dominance in Arab football during the 1980s, having previously won three Arab Cups.

Amman, Jordan

Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation

The Republic of China Military Police (ROCMP; Chinese: 中華民國憲兵; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Xiànbīng), referred to informally as the Taiwanese Military Police is a military police force operating under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of National Defense of Republic of China (Taiwan). Unlike military police organisations in many other countries, the ROCMP functions as a distinct branch of the Republic of China Armed Forces.

1991 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final (replay)

The 1991 Munster Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played on 7 July 1991 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh, Cork. It was contested by Cork and Tipperary. Highlights of both games were shown as part of The Sunday Game programme on RTÉ 2 on the Sunday night. The programmes were presented by Michael Lyster, with commentary by Ger Canning.

This entry records the replay date, as explicitly given in the source infobox.

Operation Miracle (1995)

Operation Miracle (Arabic: كرامة, also Operation Proljeće II) was a successful attack by the foreign troops of the Bosnian Mujahideen against the village of Krčevine in the Zavidovići municipality on 21 July 1995.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Third Taiwan Strait Crisis

The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1995–1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, or the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was the effect of a series of missile tests conducted by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the waters surrounding Taiwan, including the Taiwan Strait, from 21 July 1995 to 23 March 1996.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

1996 São Toméan presidential election

Presidential elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 30 June 1996. The election was contested by four candidates; incumbent President Miguel Trovoada, former President Manuel Pinto da Costa, Alda Bandeira, a former Foreign Minister, and former Prime Minister Carlos da Graça. No candidate won a majority of votes in the first round, in which voter turnout in the first round was 77.3%, resulting in a second round being held on 21 July between the two leading candidates - Trovoada and da Costa.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

São Tomé and Príncipe

Akashi pedestrian bridge accident

The Akashi pedestrian bridge accident (明石歩道橋事故 Akashi hodōkyō jiko) was a human stampede that occurred on 21 July 2001 in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan. In the incident, a large crowd of people packed into a partially enclosed pedestrian overpass leading to Asagiri Station after a fireworks show. The resulting crush killed 11 people, including two adults and nine children, and injured 247 others.

Japan

2001 DFB-Ligapokal final

The 2001 DFB-Ligapokal final decided the winner of the 2001 DFB-Ligapokal, the 5th edition of the reiterated DFB-Ligapokal, a knockout football cup competition. The match was played on 21 July 2001 at the Carl-Benz-Stadion in Mannheim. Hertha BSC won the match 4–1 against Schalke 04 for their 1st title.

Vengeance (2002)

Vengeance (2002) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on July 21, 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It was the second annual Vengeance produced by WWE. The main event from SmackDown! saw The Rock win the WWE Undisputed Championship in a Triple Threat match also involving Kurt Angle and the defending champion The Undertaker. The main event from Raw was between the champion Rob Van Dam and challenger Brock Lesnar for the WWE Intercontinental Championship which Van Dam retained his championship by disqualification.

Michigan, United States

21 July 2005 London attempted bombings

On 21 July 2005, four attempted bomb attacks by four Islamist extremists disrupted part of London's public transport system as a follow-up attack to the 7 July 2005 London bombings two weeks earlier. The explosions occurred around midday at Shepherd's Bush, Warren Street and Oval stations on the London Underground, and on London Buses route 26 in Haggerston. A fifth bomber dumped his device without attempting to set it off.

Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV

The Eastern Theatre of Eelam War IV started in the Eastern province of Sri Lanka on July 21, 2006, when the LTTE cut off the water supply to rice fields in eastern Trincomalee district. The government claimed total control of the Eastern province after capturing Thoppigala (Baron's cap) on July 11, 2007, after nearly a year of fighting. Major battles took place at Sampoor, Vakarai, Kanchikudicharu, Kokkadichloai and Thoppigala.

Sri Lanka

Insurgency in Ingushetia

The Insurgency in Ingushetia (Russian: Война в Ингушетии, romanized: Voyna v Ingushetii) began in 2007 as a spillover of then ongoing separatist conflict in Chechnya into neighbouring Ingushetia. The conflict has been described as a civil war by local human rights activists and opposition politicians; others have referred to it as an uprising. By mid-2009 Ingushetia had surpassed Chechnya as the most violent of the North Caucasus republics.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Russia

Dream 5

DREAM.5 Light Weight Grandprix 2008 Final Round was a mixed martial arts event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion DREAM. The event took place on Monday July 21, 2008 at the Osaka-jo Hall in Osaka, Japan and hosted the final round of the promotion's Lightweight tournament.

Osaka, Japan

2008 Nepalese presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Nepal in July 2008. The first round of voting was held on 19 July, with a run-off on 21 July. The 1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly (CA) elected in April 2008 elected a new president and vice-president after the Fifth Amendment to the Interim Constitution was passed on 14 July. This would be the first President to be elected after Nepal became a republic a few months earlier.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Nepal

Raid on Baksan hydroelectric power station

The Raid on the Baksan hydroelectric power station was a militant attack that took place on July 21, 2010, in Kabardino-Balkaria, a republic in the North Caucasus region of Russia. The attack was carried out by four gunmen affiliated with the Caucasus Emirate, an Islamist militant organization active in the region.

Russia

U.S. President Barack Obama signs the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, commonly referred to as the Dodd–Frank Act, is a United States federal law enacted on July 21, 2010, as the primary legislative response to the 2007–2008 financial crisis—the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Named for its sponsors, Senator Chris Dodd and Representative Barney Frank, the law was signed by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010.

2011 Belgian Super Cup

The 2011 Belgian Super Cup was a football match played on 21 July 2011 between 2010–11 Belgian Pro League winners Genk and 2010–11 Belgian Cup winners Standard Liège. Genk won the game one nil and with that won their first Super Cup, after being on the losing end on five previous occasions.

2012 Melbourne state by-election

A by-election was held for the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Melbourne on 21 July 2012. This was triggered by the resignation of former minister and state Labor MP Bronwyn Pike which she announced on 7 May 2012. Sixteen candidates contested the by-election, the Liberals declined to nominate a candidate. Jennifer Kanis retained the seat for Labor with a 51.5 per cent (–4.7) two-candidate-preferred vote against Greens candidate Cathy Oke.

Shine Wrestling events

Shine Wrestling is an all-female professional wrestling promotion which was founded in mid–2012. Over the course since, it has held more than 81 internet pay-per-views.

United States

July 2012 Beijing flood

The July 2012 Beijing flood was part of a series of 2012 flooding events across China that began in late spring of 2012 and continued during the summer. In July, the areas of southwestern China, including Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and northeastern China including Beijing, Hubei and Liaoning were worst-affected. In a twenty-hour period on July 21, 2012, a flash flood hit the city of Beijing in the People's Republic of China.

In a twenty-hour period on July 21, 2012, a flash flood hit the city of Beijing in the People's Republic of China.

Japanese House of Councillors election, 2013

The 23rd Elections to the House of Councillors (第23回参議院議員通常選挙 Dainijūsankai Sangiingiin Tsūjōsenkyo, "23rd regular/ordinary election of members of the House of Councillors") for the upper house of the National Diet, the legislature of Japan, was held on July 21, 2013. In the last election in 2010, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) remained the largest party, but the DPJ-led ruling coalition lost its majority. The House of Councillors is elected by halves to six year terms. In 2013, the class of Councillors elected in 2007 was up.

Japan

Citizens' Action Party presidential primary, 2013

PAC’s second presidential primary (known as Citizens' National Convention or Convención Nacional Ciudadana) was held on July 21, 2013 in order to elect the party’s presidential nominee for the 2014 Costa Rican general election. Unlike the previous election, this was an open primary and every citizen was able to vote as far as pledge written membership to the party before casting the vote. Three-time candidate and party’s founder Ottón Solís declined run for president for the fourth time opening the opportunity for new leaderships and the presidential nomination in one of Costa Rica’s major parties.

Costa Rica

2013 Belgian Super Cup

The 2013 Belgian Super Cup was a football match played on 21 July 2013, between 2012–13 Belgian Pro League winners Anderlecht and 2012–13 Belgian Cup winners Genk.

2013 Colombian clashes

On 20 July 2013, two clashes occurred in Colombia between government forces and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas. Nineteen soldiers were killed in the deadliest day since peace talks began in November 2012. The conflict came one day after a FARC-EP officer, Alejandra, had detained with a chain around the neck a vacationing U.S.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Colombia

First Battle of Tikrit

The First Battle of Tikrit was fought for the Iraqi city of Tikrit following the city's capture by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Ba'athist Loyalists during the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive. The battle took place between 26 and 30 June 2014. In early June 2014, ISIL took control of a number of cities in northern Iraq, including Tikrit.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Iraq

Burundian presidential election, 2015

Presidential elections were held in Burundi on 21 July 2015. President Pierre Nkurunziza ran for a third term despite controversy over whether he was eligible to run again. The opposition boycotted the vote, and Nkurunziza won re-election.

Burundi

2016 Azad Kashmiri general election

General elections were held in Azad Kashmir on 21 July 2016 to elect 41 members of the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly. Polling started at 8:00am and continued until 5:00pm.

Qalamoun offensive (2017)

The Qalamoun offensive (2017) was a military operation launched by Hezbollah, the Syrian Arab Armed Forces, and later the Lebanese Armed Forces, against members of Tahrir al-Sham and the Islamic State (IS) on the Lebanon–Syria border. The Lebanese Army denied any coordination with Hezbollah or the Syrian Army.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

2017 Iranian Super Cup

The 2017 Iranian Super Cup was the 3rd Iranian Super Cup, held on 21 July 2017 between the 2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League champions Persepolis and the 2016–17 Hazfi Cup winners Naft Tehran. Persepolis won the Iranian Super Cup 3–0 for the first time.

Iran

AAA vs. Elite

AAA vs. Elite (stylized as AAA vs. ELITE) was a major professional wrestling event produced and scripted by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and Lucha Libre Elite. It took place on July 21, 2018, in the Gimnasio Olímpico Juan de la Barrera in Mexico City, Mexico.

Mexico City, Mexico

2018 Nadeshiko League Cup final

2018 Nadeshiko League Cup final was the 11th final of the Nadeshiko League Cup competition. The final was played at Nishigaoka Soccer Stadium in Tokyo on July 21, 2018. Nippon TV Beleza won the championship.

Tokyo, Japan

2018 Ukrainian Super Cup

The 2018 Ukrainian Super Cup became the 15th edition of Ukrainian Super Cup, an annual season opener football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Top League and Ukrainian Cup competitions. The match was played at the Chornomorets Stadium, Odesa, on 21 July 2018, and contested by league and cup winner Shakhtar Donetsk and league and cup runner-up Dynamo Kyiv.

2019 Yuen Long attack

A mob attack occurred in Yuen Long, a town in the New Territories of Hong Kong, on the evening of 21 July 2019. It took place in the context of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests. A mob dressed in white stormed the MTR's Yuen Long station and attacked protesters returning from a demonstration in Sheung Wan on Hong Kong Island as well as bystanders.

Hong Kong

2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 21 July 2019. Originally scheduled to be held at the end of October, the elections were brought forward after newly inaugurated President Volodymyr Zelenskyy dissolved parliament on 21 May 2019, during his inauguration. The elections resulted in Zelenskyy's Servant of the People party winning an outright majority of seats with 254 seats (a first for any party during Ukraine's post-Soviet independence).

Ukraine

2019 Japanese House of Councillors election

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 21 July 2019 to elect 124 of the 245 members of the upper house of the National Diet for a term of six years. 74 members were elected by single non-transferable vote (SNTV)/First-past-the-post (FPTP) voting in 45 multi- and single-member prefectural electoral districts.

Japan

2019 Gunma gubernatorial election

The 2019 Gunma gubernatorial election was held on 21 July 2019 to elect the next governor of Gunma.

Battles of Iqtiya, Qatiya, Genayen, and Merih

On July 21, 2020, jihadists from Islamic State – Sinai Province (ISSP) attacked an Egyptian military camp in the village of Rabaa, on the outskirts of Bir al-Abd, Sinai Peninsula. The attack was in preparation for a larger assault on an Egyptian security complex in the town, but Egyptian forces repelled the attack. ISSP militants then fled and captured four towns near Bir el-Abd, which they occupied until October.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

2021 Egypt Cup final

The 2021 Egypt Cup final was the 89th Egypt Cup Final, the final match of the 2020–21 Egypt Cup, Africa's oldest football cup competition played at Cairo Stadium in Cairo, Egypt, on 21 July 2022 between Al Ahly and Zamalek.

Cairo, Egypt

2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

The 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final was a hurling match played at Croke Park in Dublin on 21 July 2024 between Clare and Cork, the culmination of the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. It was the 137th final of that sport's primary competition, the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Clare won the game after extra-time by 3–29 to 1–34, to claim their fifth All-Ireland title.

Dublin, Ireland

Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election

On July 21, 2024, Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States, announced his withdrawal from the 2024 United States presidential election. Biden, a Democrat who had been elected president in 2020, stated on April 25, 2023, that he would run for re-election in 2024 with incumbent Vice President Kamala Harris as his running mate.

2025 Dhaka Chengdu J-7 crash

On 21 July 2025, a Chengdu J-7 aircraft operated by the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) crashed shortly after takeoff into the Milestone School campus in the Uttara neighbourhood of Dhaka, Bangladesh, while classes were in session. Investigations found that the cause of the crash was pilot error, resulting in a loss of control of the aircraft.

Bangladesh

2025 Pakistani Senate election in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Elections for 11 seats of the Senate of Pakistan were held on 21 July 2025. These seats, all of which were from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, were supposed to be up for election in 2024, but due to the incomplete membership of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, had to be postponed.

Pakistan