10月18日发生过什么？

Battle of Assandun

The Battle of Assandun (or Essendune) was fought between Danish and English armies on 18 October 1016. There is disagreement whether Assandun may be Ashdon near Saffron Walden in north Essex or, as long supposed, Ashingdon near Rochford in southeast Essex, England. It ended in victory for the Danes, led by Canute the Great, who triumphed over the English army led by King Edmund Ironside.

Essex, United Kingdom

Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)

The Battle of Dyrrhachium (near present-day Durrës in Albania) took place on October 18, 1081 between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118), and the Normans of southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria. The battle was fought outside the city of Dyrrhachium (also known as Durazzo), the Byzantine capital of Illyria, and ended in a Norman victory. Following the Norman conquest of Byzantine Italy and Saracen Sicily, the Byzantine emperor, Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078), betrothed his son to Robert Guiscard's daughter. When Michael was deposed, Robert took this as an excuse to invade the Byzantine Empire in 1081.

Durrës, Albania

Michael the Syrian is consecrated patriarch of Antioch

On October 18, 1166, Michael the Syrian was consecrated patriarch of Antioch at the Monastery of Mor Barsawmo near Melitene, in present-day Turkey.

Turkey

Siege of Alcácer do Sal

The siege of Alcácer do Sal lasted from 30 July to 18 October 1217. The well fortified city of Alcácer do Sal was a frontier outpost of the Almohad Caliphate facing Portugal. It was besieged by forces from Portugal, León, the military orders and the Fifth Crusade. The latter were led by Count William I of Holland.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Sack of Chernigov

The Mongol siege, capture, and sack of Chernigov, the capital of the Chernigov Principality, occurred on October 18, 1239, during the westward expansion of the Mongol Empire. It was part of the 1237–1242 Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'.

1356 Basel earthquake

The 1356 Basel earthquake is the most significant seismological event to have occurred in Central Europe in recorded history and had a moment magnitude in the range of 6.0–7.1. This earthquake, which occurred on 18 October 1356, is also known as the Sankt-Lukas-Tag Erdbeben (English: Saint Luke's Day Earthquake), as 18 October is the feast day of Saint Luke the Evangelist.

Siege of Opochka

The siege of Opochka was an unsuccessful attempt by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland to conquer the Russian fortress of Opochka during the Fourth Muscovite–Lithuanian War. Russian troops were able to successfully defend the fortress and inflict heavy damage on the Poles and Lithuanians, avenging the defeat at Orsha three years ago.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Cortés’s forces massacre residents of Cholula

On October 18, 1519, forces led by Hernán Cortés carried out a massacre in Cholula, in present-day Mexico.

Mexico

De Soto’s expedition fights Indigenous defenders at Mabila

On October 18, 1540, Hernando de Soto’s expedition fought Indigenous defenders at Mabila, a fortified settlement in present-day Alabama, United States.

United States

In Japan the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima is fought between the forces of Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen, resulting in a draw

The Battles of Kawanakajima (川中島の戦い, Kawanakajima no tatakai) were a series of battles fought in the Sengoku period of Japan between Takeda Shingen of Kai Province and Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province from 1553 to 1564. Shingen and Kenshin contested each other for control of the plain of Kawanakajima between the Sai River and Chikuma River in northern Shinano Province, located in the present-day city of Nagano.

Matsura’s fleet attacks Portuguese ships at Fukuda Bay

On the morning of October 18, 1565, a fleet sent by Matsura Takanobu attacked Portuguese ships at Fukuda Bay, in present-day Nagasaki, Japan. Portuguese cannon fire drove the attackers back.

Japan

Siege of Steenwijk (1580–1581)

The siege of Steenwijk took place from October 18, 1580 – February 23, 1581 during the Eighty Years' War, between a besieging Spanish force under turncoat George van Lalaing against a Dutch garrison at Steenwijk under Johan van den Kornput. A Dutch force under John Norreys successfully relieved the town on January 24, and the Spanish in addition to ill-health and lack of supplies subsequently lifted the siege in February.

Netherlands

Spain’s third armada sails from A Coruña

On October 18, 1597, a Spanish armada commanded by Martín de Padilla sailed from A Coruña, Spain, on an expedition against England.

Spain

Battle of Șelimbăr

The Battle of Șelimbăr, or Battle of Sellenberk (Hungarian: Sellenberk; German: Schellenberg), took place on 18 October 1599 between the Wallachian army of Michael the Brave (Romanian: Mihai Viteazul) and the Transylvanian-Hungarian army of Andrew Báthory (Hungarian: Báthory András). The battle was fought near the village of Șelimbăr (Hungarian: Sellenberk) close to Sibiu (German: Hermannstadt; Hungarian: Nagyszeben).

Battle of Kitombo

The Battle of Kitombo was a military engagement between forces of the BaKongo state of Soyo, formerly a province of the Kingdom of Kongo, and the Portuguese colony of Angola on 18 October 1670. Earlier in the year a Portuguese expeditionary force had invaded Soyo with the intention of ending its independent existence.

Angola

Battle of Kassa

The Battle of Kassa was fought on October 18, 1685, in the city of Kassa in the Kingdom of Hungary (now Košice in Slovakia), between the armies of the Ottoman Empire and of the Holy Roman Empire. The Austrian Commander, Field Marshal Aeneas de Caprara, defeated the Turkish army near the city and with this victory regained Habsburg control of which had been lost in 1682 to the Kuruc leader Imre Thököly. Košice at the time was defended by a modern pentagonal fortress (citadel) built by the Habsburgs south of the city in the 1670s.

Košice, Slovakia

War of the Austrian Succession

The War of the Austrian Succession, 1740 to 1748, was a conflict between the European great powers, fought primarily in Europe, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Related conflicts include King George's War, the War of Jenkins' Ear, the First Carnatic War, and the First and Second Silesian Wars. Its immediate cause was the right of Maria Theresa to inherit Austria.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Burning of Falmouth

The Burning of Falmouth (October 18, 1775) was an attack by a fleet of Royal Navy vessels on the town of Falmouth, Massachusetts (site of the modern city of Portland, Maine, and not to be confused with the modern towns of Falmouth, Massachusetts, or Falmouth, Maine). The fleet was commanded by Captain Henry Mowat.

Battle of Pell's Point

The Battle of Pell's Point (October 18, 1776), also known as the Battle of Pelham, was a skirmish fought between British and American troops during the New York and New Jersey campaign of the American Revolutionary War. The conflict took place in what is now part of Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, New York City. On October 12, British forces landed at Throgs Neck in order to execute a flanking maneuver that would trap Gen. George Washington, commander-in-chief of the American revolutionary forces, and the main body of the Continental Army on the island of Manhattan.

New York, United States · New York City, United States · Pelham Manor, New York, United States

Siege of Savannah (1779)

The siege of Savannah or the second battle of Savannah was an encounter of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) in 1779. The year before, the city of Savannah, Georgia, had been captured by a British expeditionary corps under Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell. The siege itself consisted of a joint Franco-American attempt to retake Savannah, from September 16 to October 18, 1779.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

Action of 18 October 1782

The action of 18 October 1782 was a minor naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, in which the French 74-gun ship of the line Scipion, accompanied by the 40-gun frigate Sibylle, was chased by two Royal Navy ships of the line, the 98-gun HMS London and the 74-gun Torbay. Outmanoeuvring her larger opponents, Scipion obtained a favourable position that allowed her to rake London, causing severe damage and allowing her to continue running from the superior British force.

Action at Mannheim (1795)

The action at Mannheim began in April 1795 when two French armies crossed the Rhine and converged on the confluence of the Main and the Rhine. Initial action at Mannheim resulted in a minor skirmish, but the Bavarian commander negotiated a quick truce with the French and withdrew. On 17 October 1795, 17,000 Habsburg Austrian troops under the command of Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser engaged 12,000 soldiers, led by Jean-Charles Pichegru in the grounds outside the city of Mannheim.

Germany

Battle of Verona (1805)

The Battle of Verona was fought on 18 October 1805 between the French Army of Italy under the command of André Masséna and an Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. By the end of the day, Massena seized a bridgehead on the east bank of the Adige River, driving back the defending troops under Josef Philipp Vukassovich. The action took place near the city of Verona in northern Italy during the War of the Third Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. In the fall of 1805, Emperor Napoleon I of France planned for his powerful Grande Armée to fall upon and crush the Austrian Empire army in southern Germany.

Verona, Italy

Action of 18 October 1806

The action of 18 October 1806 was a naval engagement of the Java campaign of 1806–1807 fought between the Royal Navy frigate Caroline and a Dutch navy squadron near the entrance to the city harbour of Batavia in the Dutch East Indies. During the battle, the Dutch frigate Maria Riggersbergen was left unsupported by the remainder of the squadron and, isolated, was forced to strike her colours.

Invasion of Capri

The invasion of Capri was the successful recapture of the Italian island of Capri from Britain by the Kingdom of Naples on 4–18 October 1808.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Tamames

The Battle of Tamames was a sharp reversal suffered by part of Marshal Michel Ney's French army under Major-General Jean Marchand in the Peninsular War. The French, advancing out of Salamanca, were met and defeated in battle by a Spanish army on October 18, 1809.

Spain

Battle of Tarutino

The Battle of Tarutino (18 October 1812; Russian: Тарутинское сражение) was a part of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. In the battle, Russian troops under the general command of Bennigsen, acting on instructions from Kutuzov and being part of his army, launched a surprise attack and defeated French troops under Murat's command.

Capture of HMS Frolic

The capture of HMS Frolic was a naval action fought in the Atlantic on 18 October 1812, between the sloop-of-war USS Wasp, commanded by Master Commandant Jacob Jones, and the Cruizer-class brig-sloop HM Brig Frolic, under Commander Thomas Whinyates. The Americans captured the British vessel, but both vessels shortly thereafter were captured by a British ship of the line which happened upon the scene of the battle.

Siege of Torgau

The siege of Torgau (18 October 1813 – 10 January 1814) was a siege in the War of the Sixth Coalition. The French-held fortress on the Elbe was besieged by Prussian troops and forced to surrender.

Battle of Gimry

The Battle of Gimry, fought on 17–18 October 1832 during the Murid War, was General Aleksey Velyaminov's capture of Ghazi Muhammad's headquarters at Gimry. Ghazi Muhammad was killed, but Imam Shamil managed to escape. In early October, Velyaminov left Temir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk) 25 km to the east. The route led through early snow across a broad and level plateau which slowly rises from 1,500 feet to 6,000 feet and then suddenly drops 5,000 feet down into the canyon of the north-flowing Avar Koysu.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

The British edition of Moby-Dick is published as The Whale

On October 18, 1851, Herman Melville’s novel was published in Britain as The Whale. The American edition, titled Moby-Dick, followed on November 14.

United Kingdom

Battle of Fort Brooke

The Battle of Fort Brooke was a minor engagement fought October 16–18, 1863 in and around Tampa, Florida during the American Civil War. The most important outcome of the action was the destruction of two Confederate blockade runners which had been hidden upstream on the Hillsborough River.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

United States

South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1865

The 1865 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 18, 1865 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. It was the first gubernatorial election in which the voters of South Carolina were able to directly choose the Governor as a result of the ratification of the South Carolina Constitution of 1865. However, the constitution only permitted for white males to cast ballots and blacks were forbidden from voting.

South Carolina, United States

Battle of La Carbonera

The Battle of La Carbonera was fought on 18 October 1866 during the French intervention in Mexico.

Mexico

1866 North Carolina gubernatorial election

The 1866 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on October 18, 1866. The incumbent governor Jonathan Worth defeated Alfred Dockery. Worth had defeated the provisional governor and wartime unionist William Woods Holden at the previous election. During his term, he assembled a coalition of Conservative Unionists and former Confederates aligned with the Reconstruction policies of president Andrew Johnson that swept Holden's allies from power.

North Carolina, United States

Alaska Purchase

The Alaska Purchase in 1867 resulted in the transfer of Russian America to the United States for $7.2 million (equivalent to $132 million in 2024). On April 9 of that year, the United States Senate ratified a bilateral treaty that had been signed on March 30, and American sovereignty became legally effective across the territory on October 18.

This entry records the entry into force, as dated in the source infobox.

Battle of Châteaudun

The Battle of Châteaudun took place in northwestern France during the Franco-Prussian War on 18 October 1870. In this battle, the Imperial German Army led by General Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Wittich attacked the city of Châteaudun and captured the city. During the nine-hour battle the attackers defeated forces that included Francs-tireurs led by Ernest de Lipowski who was of Polish origin.

Eure-et-Loir, France

1885 French legislative election

Legislative elections were held in France on 4 and 18 October 1885. Following the deaths of Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial and the Comte de Chambord, the monarchists and Bonapartists formed a conservative electoral alliance under the leadership of Baron Armand de Mackau. In the first round of the election, the conservatives won 176 seats, whereas the Opportunist Republicans – partly because radical and moderate Republicans ran against each other, underestimating the danger from the right - only won 127.

France

Brahms conducts the premiere of his Double Concerto

On October 18, 1887, Johannes Brahms conducted the first performance of his Double Concerto for violin and cello in Cologne, Germany.

Germany

October 1891 Chilean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Chile on 18 October 1891. Carried out through a system of electors, they resulted in the election of Jorge Montt (the sole candidate) as President.

Chile

1892 Cirencester by-election

A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Cirencester was held on 18 October 1892 following the retirement of the incumbent Liberal MP Arthur Brend Winterbotham. The seat was gained by the Conservative candidate Thomas Chester-Master. Chester-Master was originally declared the victor by 3 votes, but on petition and after scrutiny, the votes were declared equal and a new election was held.

Battle of Senluo Temple

The Battle of Senluo Temple was a clash between 1,000-1,500 men of the "Militia United in Righteousness" (simplified Chinese: 义和团; traditional Chinese: 義和團; pinyin: Yìhètuán; better known as the "Boxers") and Qing government troops that took place on October 18, 1899, near a temple located on the western edge of Pingyuan County in northwestern Shandong. The Boxers were armed with swords, spears and a few hunting rifles. In a first skirmish they inflicted a few casualties on Qing troops and forced them to retreat, but the Qing army won the battle in a counterattack during which at least 27 Boxers were killed.

Pingyuan County, Shandong, People's Republic of China

1900 Yukon general election

The 1900 Yukon general election was the first general election in the history of the Yukon territory held on October 18, 1900. It elected members of the Yukon Territorial Council.

The Sokehs rebellion begins against German colonial rule

On October 18, 1910, a rebellion against German colonial rule began on Sokehs Island, in present-day Micronesia, after a dispute over road work.

Federated States of Micronesia

Clare wins the All-Ireland senior hurling final

On October 18, 1914, Clare defeated Laois in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final at Croke Park in Dublin.

Ireland

German campaign in Angola

The German campaign in Angola took place before the official declaration of war between Germany and Portugal in March 1916. German and Portuguese troops clashed several times on the border between German South West Africa and Portuguese Angola. The Germans won most of these clashes and were able to occupy the Humbe region of southern Angola until Portuguese control was restored a few days before the South African-led South West Africa campaign liquidated German rule in the region.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

The Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement is founded

On October 18, 1914, Joseph Kentenich founded the Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement in Germany.

Germany

Battle of Le Transloy

The Battle of Le Transloy was the last big attack by the Fourth Army of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in the 1916 Battle of the Somme in France, during the First World War. The battle was fought in conjunction with attacks by the French Tenth and Sixth armies on the southern flank and the Reserve/5th Army on the northern flank, against Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria (Heeresgruppe Rupprecht) created on 28 August.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

France

Battle of Mahiwa

The Battle of Mahiwa between German and British Imperial forces was fought during the East African Campaign of World War I, when South African and Nigerian troops under Lieutenant General Jacob van Deventer engaged a column under German General Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck, at Mahiwa in German East Africa. The Germans inflicted substantial casualties upon Van Deventer's army, forcing it to withdraw.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Tanzania

A decree establishes the Crimean autonomous republic

On October 18, 1921, a decree established the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Ukraine

Newport by-election, 1922

The Newport by-election, 1922 was by-election held in the parliamentary constituency of Newport on 18 October 1922. The by-election attracted especial attention, both at the time and since, as it was seen as a crucial electoral test of the viability of the Lloyd George Coalition Government, formed of followers of David Lloyd George with the Conservative Party, the latter of which contained an increasing number of members who wished to leave the coalition and regain the party's independence.

United Kingdom

The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service

The British Broadcasting Company Limited (BBC) was the commercial forerunner to the public British Broadcasting Corporation and formed on 18 October 1922 by British and American electrical companies doing business in the United Kingdom. Licensed by the UK's General Post Office, its original office was located on the second floor of Magnet House, a GEC building in London, and consisted of a room and a small antechamber.

Since its formation on 18 October 1922, the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. Originally established in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company, it evolved into its current state with its current name on 1 January 1927. It is the oldest and largest local and global broadcaster by stature and by number of employees, with a total staff of 22,000.

Edwards v Canada (AG)

Edwards v Canada (AG), also known as the Persons Case (French: l'Affaire « personne »), is a Canadian constitutional case that decided in 1929 that women were eligible to sit in the Senate of Canada. The legal case was put forward by the Government of Canada on the lobbying of a group of women known as The Famous Five—Henrietta Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Emily Murphy and Irene Parlby.

This entry records the decision, as dated in the source infobox.

1933 FA Charity Shield

The 1933 FA Charity Shield was the 20th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match. It was played between Everton (1932–33 FA Cup winners) and Arsenal (1932–33 Football League champions) at Goodison Park in Liverpool on 18 October 1933. Arsenal won the match 0–3.

Liverpool, United Kingdom

Convoy SC 48

SC 48 was a North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was notable for being the occasion of the Kearny incident, which brought the United States one step closer to war with Germany.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Hideki Tojo becomes prime minister of Japan

On October 18, 1941, Hideki Tojo became prime minister of Japan, succeeding Fumimaro Konoe.

Japan

Convoys ONS 20/ON 206

ONS 20 and ON 206 were North Atlantic convoys of the ONS/ON series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II. They were the subject of a major U-boat attack in October 1943, the third battle in the Kriegsmarine's autumn offensive.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Battle of Overloon

The Battle of Overloon was a battle fought in the Second World War battle between Allied forces and the German Army which took place in and around the village of Overloon in the south-east of the Netherlands between 30 September and 18 October 1944. The battle, which resulted in an Allied victory, ensued after the Allies launched Operation Aintree. The Allies went on to liberate the town of Venray.

Netherlands

1945 Venezuelan coup d'état

The 1945 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 18 October 1945, when the president Isaías Medina Angarita was overthrown by a combination of a military rebellion and a popular movement led by Democratic Action. The Medina government discovered the conspiracy by the military to overthrow Medina and arrested Marcos Pérez Jiménez. The arrest triggered a popular revolt, leading Medina to give up power.

Battle of Houmajia

The Battle of Houmajia (Chinese: 后马家战斗) was fought between the nationalists and the communists in the Houmajia region of Lingbi (灵壁) County of Anhui, China during the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post-World War II era, and resulted in a communist victory.

People's Republic of China

Battle of Route Coloniale 4

The Battle of Route Coloniale 4, also called the Autumn-Winter Border Campaign (Chiến Dịch Biên Giới Thu Đông) by the Viet Minh, was a battle of the First Indochina War. It took place along Route Coloniale 4 (RC4, also known as Highway 4), a road used to supply the French military base at Cao Bằng. French military traffic along the road had previously been subject to an ongoing series of ambushes during 1947–1949.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

1952 Tauranga mayoral by-election

The 1952 Tauranga mayoral by-election was held to elect a successor to Bill Barnard who resigned as Mayor of Tauranga owing to ill-health. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Battle of Nghĩa Lộ (1952)

The Battle of Nghĩa Lộ was a battle of the First Indochina War. In the fall of 1952 the French army encountered its most serious crisis since the disasters near the Chinese border (Chiến dịch biên giới – Borderland Campaign) at Cao Bằng, Đông Khê and RC 4 occurred in 1949 and 1950.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Vietnam

1961 South African general election

General elections were held in South Africa on 18 October 1961. They were the first general elections after South Africa became a republic following the 1960 South African referendum. The National Party (NP) under H. F. Verwoerd won a majority in the House of Assembly.

South Africa

Operation Black Crow

The Operation Black Crow (Indonesian: Operasi Gagak Hitam), conducted by paramilitary groups called Gagak Hitam, aimed to retaliate against PKI action at villages on Banyuwangi Regency that killed or executed 62 peoples from Banser. The paramilitary forces plundered many suspected PKI buildings and killed them in their building or houses, many of their bodies were thrown into rivers or valleys.

Indonesia

Botswana general election, 1969

General elections were held in Botswana on 18 October 1969, the first since independence in September 1966. With 140,428 registered voters, a decrease from the 188,950 in 1965, turnout was 54.73%. The result was a second successive landslide victory for the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), who won 24 of the 31 elected seats, including three in which they were unopposed.

Botswana

1975 Israel Super Cup

The 1975 Israel Super Cup was the fifth Israel Super Cup (tenth, including unofficial matches, as the competition wasn't played within the Israel Football Association in its first 5 editions, until 1969), an annual Israel football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup. The match was played between Hapoel Be'er Sheva, champions of the 1974–75 Liga Leumit and Hapoel Kfar Saba, winners of the 1974–75 Israel State Cup.

1976 Toronto International Film Festival

The 1st Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) took place at Windsor Arms Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada between October 18 and October 24, 1976. Initially its name was Festival of Festivals, which remained until 1994 after which it became the Toronto International Film Festival. It showcased 127 feature films from 30 countries with the audience of 35,000. It featured some of the best films from film festivals around the world.

This entry records the event's start date, as given in the source infobox.

Canada

Lufthansa Flight 181

Lufthansa Flight 181, a Boeing 737-200 jet airliner (reg. D-ABCE) named Landshut, was hijacked on 13 October 1977 by four militants of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine while en route from Palma de Mallorca, Spain, to Frankfurt am Main, West Germany. The hijacking aimed to secure the release of eleven notorious Red Army Faction leaders held in West German prisons and two Palestinians held in Turkey.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

German Autumn

The German Autumn (German: Deutscher Herbst) refers to the period and political atmosphere in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) during September and October 1977. This period was marked by a series of attacks by the Red Army Faction (RAF), a far-left militant group designated as a terrorist organization by the West German government.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Germany · Somalia

1978 Saskatchewan general election

The 1978 Saskatchewan general election was held on October 18, 1978, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. The New Democratic government of Premier Allan Blakeney was returned for a third consecutive term with an increased majority in the legislature, and a larger share of the popular vote. The Progressive Conservative Party of Richard Collver continued to increase its share of the popular vote in this election.

Based on the world's first children's art museum, the Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics opens in Yerevan

Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics (NCA) (Armenian: Գեղագիտության ազգային կենտրոն) is a gallery and museum in Yerevan, Armenia. It was based on, and as of 2024 includes, the Children's Art Museum, which was founded in 1970 by Henrik Igityan and Zhanna Aghamiryan.

Australian federal election, 1980

Federal elections were held in Australia on 18 October 1980. All 125 seats in the House of Representatives, and 34 of the 64 seats in the Senate, were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Malcolm Fraser with coalition partner the National Country Party led by Doug Anthony was elected to a third term in government, defeating the Australian Labor Party led by Bill Hayden.

Australia

Australia elects its House of Representatives in 1980

On October 18, 1980, Australian voters elected members of the federal House of Representatives.

Australia

Australia elects senators in its 1980 federal election

On October 18, 1980, Australian voters elected 34 of the 64 members of the Senate as part of the federal election.

Australia

Greek legislative election, 1981

Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on Sunday, 18 October 1981. The Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), led by Andreas Papandreou, faced New Democracy, led by Georgios Rallis. Papandreou achieved a landslide and PASOK formed the first socialist government in the history of Greece (in 1963 Centrists had formed a government under the leadership of George Papandreou, Andreas' father, but their party, Center Union, was not a socialist party but a centrist, social-liberal one). 185 of the 300 seats were won by PASOK or the Communist Party: both openly eurosceptic. This was the high point of Greek euroscepticism, coming just months after the country's accession to the European Communities.

Greece

Burmese general election, 1981

General elections were held in Burma between 4 and 18 October 1981. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Burma Socialist Programme Party as the sole legal party. It therefore won all 475 seats in People's Assembly. Voter turnout was reported to be 94.6%.

Myanmar

1981 European Parliament election in Greece

European Parliament elections were held in Greece for the first time on 18 October 1981. The rest of the European Community voted in 1979 before Greece became a member state. Greece was allocated 24 seats in the Parliament.

Greece

1981 Borden Classic

The 1981 Borden Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts in Tokyo, Japan. The event was part of the Category 1 of the 1981 Toyota Series. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 12 October through 18 October 1981. Third -seeded Kathy Rinaldi won the singles title.

Tokyo, Japan

1989 United Nations Security Council election

The 1989 United Nations Security Council election was held on 18 October 1989 during the Forty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at UN Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Romania, South Yemen, and Zaire, as the five new non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1990.

New York City, United States

STS-34

STS-34 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Atlantis. It was the 31st shuttle mission overall, and the fifth flight for Atlantis. STS-34 launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 18, 1989, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 23, 1989. It was also the first shuttle mission since the Challenger disaster to have two female astronauts on board.

Eastbourne by-election, 1990

The Eastbourne by-election, 1990 was a by-election held on 18 October 1990 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eastbourne in East Sussex. The by-election was caused by the death of the town's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Ian Gow, who was killed on 30 July 1990 by a bomb placed under his car by the Provisional IRA. The result was a victory for the Liberal Democrat candidate David Bellotti, who defeated the former Conservative MP Richard Hickmet by a majority of 4,550 votes and with more than half the votes cast.

United Kingdom

Azerbaijan adopts its Constitutional Act on state independence

On October 18, 1991, Azerbaijan’s Supreme Council adopted the Constitutional Act on the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan

Croat–Bosniak War

The Croat–Bosniak War was a conflict between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the self-proclaimed Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia, supported by Croatia, that lasted from 18 October 1992 to 23 February 1994. It is often referred to as a "war within a war" because it was part of the larger Bosnian War. In the beginning, Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) and Croats fought in an alliance against the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS), but by the end of 1992 tensions between them increased. The first armed incidents occurred in October 1992 in central Bosnia between local Croat and Bosniak forces.

Bosnia (region), Bosnia and Herzegovina

Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601

Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601 (MNA5601/MZ5601) was a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Semarang to Bandung, Indonesia. On 18 October 1992, the two-year-old CASA/IPTN CN-235-10 was on approach to Bandung when it crashed into Mount Puntang, near Mount Papandayan, West Java, Indonesia at 1:30 pm in bad weather. The aircraft exploded on impact, killing all twenty-seven passengers and four crew on board.

Indonesia

Battle of Velika Kladuša (1993)

The Battle of Velika Kladuša was one of the first battles in the Intra-Bosnian Muslim War. The goal of the 5th Corps was the abolition of Western Bosnia, which had been established a few weeks before the battle of Velika Kladuša. The attack did not succeed and Western Bosnia was a thorn in the eye of the 5th Corps until Operation Storm.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Operation Neretva '93

Operation Neretva '93 was an Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) operation against the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) in September 1993 on a 200 km long front from Gornji Vakuf to south of Mostar, one of its largest of the year, during the Croat–Bosniak War. The ARBiH made limited gains in the area of northern Herzegovina and around Mostar, but did not achieve a breakthrough to the southern Neretva, where the HVO retained control.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Judgment Day: In Your House

Judgment Day: In Your House was the twenty-fifth In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Federation (WWF), which took place on October 18, 1998, at the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the first pay-per-view titled Judgment Day as WWF were giving all pay-per-views under the In Your House banner unique names. When this pattern stopped in 2000, Judgment Day was one of the In Your House titles picked to be used on an annual basis. Nine professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the event's card.

Illinois, United States

Gambian presidential election, 2001

Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 18 October 2001. The result was a victory for the incumbent Yahya Jammeh, who took just over 50% of the votes. Pre-election violence resulted in the death of an unarmed opposition supporter who was shot by a police officer, and several injuries. The government also expelled a British diplomat who had attended an opposition rally.

The Gambia

WEC stages its fifth event in Lemoore

On October 18, 2002, World Extreme Cagefighting staged WEC 5 at the Tachi Palace in Lemoore, California.

United States

2002 Ms. Olympia

The 2002 Ms. Olympia contest is an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition and part of Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend 2002 was held on October 18, 2002, at the Mandalay Bay Arena in Paradise, Nevada. It was the 23rd Ms. Olympia competition held. Other events at the exhibition include the Mr. Olympia and Fitness Olympia contests.

Bolivian gas war

The Bolivian Gas War (Spanish: Guerra del Gas) or Bolivian gas conflict was a social confrontation in Bolivia reaching its peak in 2003, centering on the exploitation of the country's vast natural gas reserves. The expression can be extended to refer to the general conflict in Bolivia over the exploitation of gas resources, thus including the 2005 protests and the election of Evo Morales as president. Before these protests, Bolivia had seen a series of similar earlier protests during the Cochabamba protests of 2000, which were against the privatization of the municipal water supply. The conflict had its roots in grievances over the government's economic policies concerning natural gas, as well as coca eradication policies, corruption and violent military responses against strikes. The "Bolivian gas war" thus came to a head in October 2003, leading to the resignation of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (aka "Goni"). Strikes and road blocks mounted by indigenous and labour groups (including the COB trade union) brought the country to a standstill. Violent suppression by the Bolivian armed forces left some 60 people dead in October 2003, mostly inhabitants of El Alto, located on the Altiplano above the seat of government La Paz. The governing coalition disintegrated forcing Goni to resign and leave the country on October 18, 2003.

Bolivia

Calgary municipal election, 2004

The city of Calgary, Alberta, held a municipal election on October 18, 2004. Only 18% of the population voted, making it the lowest voter turnout for a municipal election in Western Canada.

Calgary, Canada

2004 Edmonton municipal election

The 2004 Edmonton municipal election was held on October 18, 2004 to elect a mayor and twelve councillors to sit on Edmonton City Council, nine trustees to sit on the public school board, and seven trustees to sit on the separate school board. There were 212,105 ballots cast out of 507,577 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 41.8%.

Attack on Galle Harbour

On 18 October 2006 a suicide attack was carried out by 15 Sea Tigers of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) on the commercial Galle Harbour and Sri Lanka Navy base SLNS Dakshina in the tourist town of Galle in southern Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka

2007 Karsaz bombing

A bombing attack on a motorcade carrying former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto occurred on 18 October 2007 in Karachi, Pakistan. The bombing occurred two months before she was assassinated.

Pakistan

UFC 89

UFC 89: Bisping vs. Leben was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) on October 18, 2008 at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Birmingham, United Kingdom

2008 Czech regional elections

Regional elections were held in the Czech Republic to elect the Regional Councils in 13 regions (all except Prague) on 17 and 18 October 2008. The elections were won by the opposition Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), which won in every region.

Czechia

2008 Nova Scotia municipal elections

Municipal elections were held across the Canadian province of Nova Scotia on 18 October 2008. Voter turnout was 42%. 75% of incumbent councillors and 69% of incumbent mayors were re-elected. 36% of mayors and 23% of councillors ran unopposed. The following lists races in selected municipalities.

2008 Cabramatta state by-election

The 2008 Cabramatta state by-election was held on 18 October 2008 to elect the member for Cabramatta in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, following the resignation of Labor Party MP Reba Meagher. It took place alongside by-elections in Lakemba, Port Macquarie and Ryde. The seat was retained by Labor at the by-election despite a swing against the party, which lost more than 18% of the primary vote and more than 21% of the two-party-preferred vote compared to the 2007 state election.

2008 Port Macquarie state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Port Macquarie on 18 October 2008. This was triggered by the resignation of independent MP Rob Oakeshott who was elected to the federal seat of Lyne at a by-election the previous month. The writ for the Port Macquarie by-election was issued on 29 August, which was also when the rolls closed.

2008 Ryde state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Ryde on 18 October 2008 to coincide with the Port Macquarie, Lakemba and Cabramatta by-elections. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of sitting member and Deputy Premier John Watkins, who cited exhaustion and the lack of time spent with his family for his resignation.

2008 Australian Capital Territory election

Elections to the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly were held on Saturday, 18 October 2008. The incumbent Labor Party, led by Jon Stanhope, was challenged by the Liberal Party, led by Zed Seselja. Candidates were elected to fill three multi-member electorates using a single transferable vote method, known as the Hare-Clark system.

Bound for Glory (2009)

Bound for Glory (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, which took place on October 18, 2009 at the Bren Events Center in Irvine, California. It was the fifth event under the Bound for Glory chronology, and was the premiere event for TNA in 2009. Bound for Glory featured a supercard, a scheduling of more than one main event. Nine matches took place at the show. The headlining match showcased A.J. Styles defeating Sting to retain his TNA World Heavyweight Championship in a match voted by the fans as the Match of the Year.

California, United States

Calgary municipal election, 2010

The 2010 Calgary municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2010 to elect a mayor and 14 aldermen to the city council, the seven trustees to the Calgary School District (each representing 2 of 14 wards), and four of the seven trustees to the Calgary Catholic School District (each representing 2 of 14 wards). Three incumbent separate school trustees had no challengers. A new mayor was to be elected, as the three term incumbent Dave Bronconnier did not seek re-election. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. The voter turnout was 53%, a significant increase from previous elections.

Calgary, Canada

Alberta municipal elections, 2010

Municipal elections were held in Alberta, Canada on Monday, October 18, 2010. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. Mayors (reeves), councillors (aldermen), and trustees were elected to office in 16 of the 17 cities, all 108 towns, all 95 villages, all 5 specialized municipalities, all 64 municipal districts, 3 of the 7 improvement districts, and the advisory councils of the 3 special areas. The City of Lloydminster is on the Saskatchewan schedule (every three years), and held elections on October 28, 2009 and October 24, 2012, while 4 improvement districts (Nos. 12, 13, 24, and 25) have no councils and are led solely by the Minister of Municipal Affairs.

Canada

2010 Edmonton municipal election

The 2010 Edmonton municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2010 to elect a mayor and 12 councillors to the city council, the nine trustees to Edmonton Public Schools, and the seven trustees to the Edmonton Catholic Schools. Two incumbent public school trustees had no challengers so were elected by acclamation. Since 1968, provincial legislation had required every municipality to hold triennial elections.

2010 Strathcona County municipal election

The 2010 Strathcona County municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2010. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. The citizens of Strathcona County, (this includes the Urban Service Area of Sherwood Park,) Alberta, elected one mayor, five of their eight councillors (one from each of eight wards), four of the Elk Island Public Schools Regional Division No. 14's nine trustees (3 from subdivision #2, and 1 from subdivision #3), and four of the Elk Island Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 41's seven trustees (supporters in Sherwood Park).

2010 Wood Buffalo municipal election

The 2010 Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2010. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections. The citizens of Wood Buffalo, (this includes the Urban Service Area of Fort McMurray,) Alberta, elected one mayor, eight of their ten councillors, the five Fort McMurray Public School District trustees (in Fort McMurray), three of the Northland School Division No. 61's 23 school boards (outside Fort McMurray, three or five trustees each), and the five Fort McMurray Roman Catholic Separate School District No. 32 trustees (in Fort McMurray).

2010 Lethbridge municipal election

The 2010 Lethbridge municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2010 to elect a mayor and eight aldermen (at-large), and five of the Holy Spirit Roman Catholic Separate Regional Division No. 4's nine trustees (as Ward 2). The seven Lethbridge School District No. 51 trustees were acclaimed, five being incumbents. Since 1968, provincial legislation has required every municipality to hold triennial elections.

2011 Indian Super Cup

The 2011 Indian Super Cup was the 10th Indian Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's I-League and Federation Cup competitions. The match was between Salgaocar and East Bengal with East Bengal winning 9–8 on penalties. The match played at Ambedkar Stadium, New Delhi, on 18 October 2011.

French Socialist Party members elect Harlem Désir as leader

On October 18, 2012, members of France’s Socialist Party elected Harlem Désir as first secretary.

France

Héroes Inmortales VII

Héroes Inmortales VII (Spanish for "Immortal Heroes VII") was a professional wrestling event produced by the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion. The event, which commemorated the seventh anniversary of the death of AAA founder Antonio Peña, took place on October 18, 2013, at Gimnasio Miguel Hidalgo in Puebla, Puebla. While the 2011 and 2012 Peña memorial shows were both simply billed as Héroes Inmortales, the 2013 edition returned to using a Roman numeral, VII for seven, in its name. The event was headlined by El Texano Jr. defending the AAA Mega Championship against Psycho Clown and also featured the annual Copa Antonio Peña.

Puebla, Mexico · Puebla (city), Mexico

2014 AFC Cup final

The 2014 AFC Cup final was the final of the 2014 AFC Cup, the 11th edition of the AFC Cup, a football competition organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for clubs from "developing countries" in Asia. The final was contested as a single match between Iraqi team Erbil and Kuwaiti team Al-Qadsia. The match was hosted by Erbil at the Maktoum Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Stadium in Dubai on 18 October 2014, as teams from Iraq were not allowed to host their home matches in their country due to security concerns.

2014 Vasse state by-election

A by-election for the seat of Vasse in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly was held on 18 October 2014. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MLA and former Liberal leader Troy Buswell on 3 September 2014, who won the seat at the 2013 election with a 57.3 percent primary and a 71.2 percent two-party vote.

2014 Czech Senate election

Senate elections were held in the Czech Republic on 10–11 October 2014, with a second round on 17–18 October 2014. One-third of Senate seats (27 out of 81) were elected, along with approximately 62,300 local council seats. The election date was announced by the President Miloš Zeman in June, 2014.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Czechia

2016 Central Tibetan Administration general election

Elections for the office of Sikyong and the Chitue (Members) of the Tibetan Parliament in Exile were held between October 18, 2015 and March 20, 2016. Tibetans in exile voted for the fourth time their political representative and executive of the Central Tibetan Administration, the self-proclaimed Tibetan government in exile. The election was overseen and organized by the independent CTA agency, Tibetan Election Commission.

2018 Bhutanese National Assembly election

National Assembly elections were held in Bhutan in 2018; the first round was held on 15 September and the second round on 18 October. The ruling People's Democratic Party of former Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay came third in the first round of voting, unexpectedly failing to advance to the second round and resulting in it losing all 32 seats.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Bhutan

Impact Wrestling Prelude to Glory

Prelude to Glory was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling. The event was held on October 18, 2019, at the Palais Royale in South Bend, Indiana, and aired live on Impact Plus. It was one of two events taking place during the weekend of that year's Bound for Glory on October 20; a free, live event, "All Glory", was held on October 19 on Twitch.

South Bend, Indiana, United States

UFC on ESPN: Reyes vs. Weidman

UFC on ESPN: Reyes vs. Weidman (also known as UFC on ESPN 6) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on October 18, 2019 at the TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts.

Boston, United States · Massachusetts, United States

2020 Guinean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Guinea on 18 October 2020. Incumbent president Alpha Condé was running for a third term. He was challenged by former prime minister Cellou Dalein Diallo, as well as several other candidates.

Guinea

2020 Mexican local elections

The 2020 Mexican local elections, held on 18 October 2020, saw voters electing deputies for one state congress and officials for 84 municipalities. The elections were originally scheduled to be held on 7 June 2020; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the elections were postponed.

Mexico

UFC Fight Night: Ortega vs. The Korean Zombie

UFC Fight Night: Ortega vs. The Korean Zombie (also known as UFC Fight Night 180, UFC on ESPN+ 38 and UFC Fight Island 6) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on October 18, 2020, at the du Forum on Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

2020 Bolivian general election

General elections were held in Bolivia on 18 October 2020 for President, Vice President, and all seats in both the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Luis Arce of the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS-IPSP) party was elected president in a landslide, winning 55% of the vote and securing majorities in both chambers of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly.

Bolivia

G1 Climax 30

The G1 Climax 30 was a professional wrestling tournament produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The tournament commenced on September 19 and concluded on October 18, 2020. It was the thirtieth edition of G1 Climax, and forty-sixth edition of the tournament counting its previous forms under different names. A Block winner Kota Ibushi defeated B Block winner Sanada in the final to win the tournament.

2020 Northern Cypriot presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Northern Cyprus on 11 October 2020 alongside a constitutional referendum, with a run-off held on 18 October 2020. They were originally scheduled to take place on 26 April 2020, but were postponed in March 2020 for six months due to the COVID-19 pandemic. No candidate won a majority of votes in the first round.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

2021 Alberta municipal elections

Municipal elections were held in Alberta, Canada on October 18, 2021. Chief elected officials (mayors or reeves) and councillors (or aldermen), were up for election in all cities (except Lloydminster), towns, villages, specialized municipalities, and municipal districts, as are trustees for public and separate school divisions. A provincewide vote on equalization and Daylight Saving Time was also held.

Canada

2021 Calgary municipal election

The 2021 Calgary municipal election was held on October 18, 2021, to elect a mayor and fourteen councillors to the Calgary City Council. In conjunction with the elections for Calgary City Council, residents cast ballots for trustees of the Calgary Board of Education and the Calgary Catholic School District, a municipal vote on the question of returning to fluoridation of the city's water supply, and three provincially mandated votes: a Senate nominee election, as well as referendums on provincial equalization and on the adoption of permanent daylight saving time.

Calgary, Canada

2021 Lethbridge municipal election

The 2021 Lethbridge municipal election was held Monday, October 18, 2021, to elect a mayor and eight councillors (at-large), the seven Lethbridge School Division trustees, and five of the Holy Spirit Catholic School Division's nine trustees (as Ward 2). Incumbent mayor Chris Spearman, announced in January 2021 that he would not seek re-election. He served 2 terms as mayor—being first elected in 2013—after having sat for several years on the Holy Spirit school board.

2021 Edmonton municipal election

The 2021 Edmonton municipal election was held on October 18, 2021, to elect a mayor and 12 councillors to the Edmonton city council, nine trustees to Edmonton Public Schools, and seven trustees to the Edmonton Catholic Schools. It was held in conjunction with the 2021 Alberta municipal elections. In conjunction with the municipal elections, residents voted in a provincially mandated Senate nominee election, a referendum on equalization and on whether to adopt permanent daylight saving time.

2021 Alberta Senate nominee election

The 2021 Alberta Senate nominee election, formally the 5th Senate Nominee Election, was held in Alberta to help select (non-binding) nominees for appointment to represent Alberta in the Senate of Canada. The Senate election was held on October 18 in conjunction with the 2021 Alberta municipal elections. As of December 2025, none of the candidates selected in this election have been nominated to the Senate.

2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election

The 2021 Central Tibetan Administration general election elected its next leader, the Sikyong, for the Central Tibetan Administration, a government-in-exile of Tibet based in India. Candidate Penpa Tsering won the election and succeeded Dr. Lobsang Sangay, who had served two consecutive terms as Sikyong.

This entry records the first round, as dated in the source infobox.

Turin’s mayoral runoff concludes with a win for Lo Russo

Voting in Turin’s mayoral runoff concluded on October 18, 2021. Stefano Lo Russo won the election; he took office later that month.

The runoff was held on October 17 and 18; this entry marks its final polling day.

Italy

2021 Rome municipal election

Municipal elections took place in Rome on 3–4 October 2021 and 17–18 October 2021. Open for election were the office of Mayor of Rome and all the 48 seats of the City Council, as well as the presidents and councils of each of the fifteen municipi in which the city is divided.

This entry records the second round, as dated in the source infobox.

Battle of Shire (2022)

Between 14–18 October 2022, Ethiopian troops aided by Eritrean forces launched an offensive into Shire, in the separatist Tigray region. While Shire had been at the forefront of the conflict since 2020, the October 2022 offensive towards the town solidified Ethiopian and Eritrean control over it, and was the last major battle before peace negotiations began that November.

This entry records the event's end date, as given in the source infobox.

Ethiopia

18th Rome Film Festival

The 18th Rome Film Festival took place from 18 to 29 October 2023 in the Auditorium Parco della Musica, Rome. The festival programme was unveiled by Gian Luca Farinelli, the chair of the Rome Cinema Foundation on 22 September 2023. It opened with There's Still Tomorrow the directorial debut film of Italian actress, screenwriter Paola Cortellesi.

This entry records the opening, as dated in the source infobox.

2024 KDU–ČSL leadership election

A leadership election for KDU-ČSL was held on 18 October 2024. Marek Výborný was elected the new leader.

Czechia

2024 Oceania Table Tennis Championships

The 2024 Oceania Table Tennis Championships was a table tennis tournament that was held in Auckland, New Zealand, from 15 to 18 October 2024.

PFL Africa 3 (2025)

2025 PFL Africa 3: Rwanda was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Professional Fighters League that took place on October 18, 2025, at the BK Arena in Kigali, Rwanda.

Rwanda

UFC Fight Night: de Ridder vs. Allen

UFC Fight Night: de Ridder vs. Allen (also known as UFC Fight Night 262 and UFC on ESPN+ 120) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on October 18, 2025, at Rogers Arena in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Canada

2025 Kuomintang chairmanship election

The 2025 Kuomintang chairmanship election (Chinese: 2025年中國國民黨主席選舉) was held on 18 October 2025. It was the eleventh direct election of the party leader in Kuomintang (KMT) history. All registered, due-paying KMT party members were eligible to vote.